Episodic gains and Exchanges/Losses
•The residual mean flow is important in horizontal transport of zooplankton and fish larvae onto and off of Georges Bank, thus causing major sources and sinks for Bank populations
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•The seeding of copepod populations from the Gulf of Maine during winter has a significant impact on the level of prey biomass for larval fish during late spring and early summer. A corollary is that the population genetic makeup of the prey on Georges Bank reflects the generic makeup of the source populations
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•Storms, especially during winter and early spring, as well as impingement of warm-core rings, can cause large exchanges/losses of zooplankton and fish larvae from Georges Bank, thus increasing the apparent mortality rate of Bank populations
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•Population size is continuously regulated by incremental rather than episodic events, i.e. the time scale of the variability of the driving forces is of the same order as the generation time of the population.