1997 Adjoint Numerical Modeling
§1997 species abundances were assimilated into a coupled physical-biological model.
§The forward problem was posed as an advection - diffusion - reaction equation for the copepod concentration.
§The adjoint method of data assimilation was used to invert for the biological sources and sinks implied by the observed changes in abundance between surveys and the flow during the intervening period.
      From McGillicuddy & Bucklin (2002) J. Mar. Res. 60: 583