Cruise Report
R/V OCEANUS Cruise 303
Georges Bank
6-23 May 1997
Acknowledgements
We gratefully acknowledge the very able assistance provided by the officers and crew of the R/V
OCEANUS, WHOI's Shipboard Scientific Support Group, and several student volunteers. This
report was prepared by Greg Lough, Lew Incze, Bob Campbell, Jeff Runge, Betsy Broughton,
Marie Kiladis, Elaine Caldarone, Phil Alatalo, Maureen Taylor, and Jim Manning.. This cruise
was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Purpose of the Cruise 1
Cruise Narrative 1
Individual Reports 4
Physical Oceanography (J. Manning) 4
Drifter Deployments 4
Shipboard Sensors 5
Hydrography 5
Ichtho-Zooplankton Studies 6
Bongo-net Survey (G.Lough, E.Broughton, M.Kiladis) 6
MOCNESS Sampling (G.Lough, E.Broughton, M.Kiladis) 7
Special Collections (E.Broughton, E.Caldarone, L.Buckley) 8
Larval Fish Prey Field (L. Incze, B. Novak) 11
VPR-MOCNESS Activities (G.Lough) 11
Calanus Vital Rate Studies (R.Campbell, J.Runge) 12
C. finmarchicus recruitment 13
Naupliar development 17
Copepodite development and growth 17
Appendix. I. Event Log 19
Appendix II. List of Personnel 32
Appendix III. Maps of Haul Locations 32
Appendix IV. List of Figures with captions 32
Note: This document is available on-line at http://www.wh.whoi.edu/~jmanning/oc303.html.
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1. Numbers of samples removed for analysis . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 2. Immunological Studies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Table 3. Summary of Calanus egg production measurements . . . .
Table 4. Results of egg viability experiments to date . . . . . . . . .
Table 5. Results of Calanus copepodite rate experiments to date . . . .
Purpose of the Cruise
The objectives of the cruise were to:
Cruise Narrative
We remained in port on 6 May to insure that our MOCNESS sensors were functioning and the Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) attached independently to the MOCNESS frame was recording properly. And with the onset of gale force winds that night, it was decided to start out the next morning. The R/V OCEANUS left Woods Hole at 0915h DST, 7 May 1997.
We arrived at the first bongo station 86, 7 May 230 h DST, the eastern side of the Great South Channel below Little Georges, 75-m bottom depth, and continued eastward sampling the southern flank about every 10 miles between the 50- and 100-m isobaths (see Figure 1). Note that we continued numbering stations consecutively from the April OCEANUS 301 cruise. Larvae were sorted from both nets of the bongo for real-time estimates of abundance and preserved for biochemical analysis ashore. At station 95, our farthest eastern station was completed at 2003 h, 8 May. Generally less than 10 cod and haddock larvae were caught in the bongo tows. Haddock were more abundant than cod, and high numbers of recently-hatched haddock larvae were observed at station 95. There may have been a spawning aggregation on the southeastern part of Georges Bank, but we decided to focus our study on the western part of Georges to take advantage of the Schlitz/Brink moorings, designed to determine the amount of recirculation on western Georges. Also, larvae on the western part of Georges may be the same cohort that we studied in April (OC 301) that were some 50 miles to the east.
A more intensive grid of bongo stations was laid-out from about 67 30'W to 68 30'W longitude and from the 50- to 100-m isobaths. The 7 NW-SE transects were spaced 7 miles apart and bongo stations were every 5 miles on a transect. The first transect began with bongo station 96, 0018 h, 9 May. On transect 2, station 106, the first of 3 drifters, drifter 34, drogued at 30-m depth, was deployed at 1350 h, 40 57.4'N, 67 51.6'W, 59-m bottom depth. The second drifter 21 was deployed at station 107 at 1506 h, 40 52.6'N, 67 43.7'W, 65-m bottom depth. A third drifter was deployed at station 108 at 1700 h, 40 48.5', 67 41.6'W, 72-m bottom depth. The bongo grid was completed 2330 h 11 May with station 145. After a review of the survey results we steamed east to check out the three drifters deployed on transect 2 as possible time-series sites. At each drifter site a bongo-CTD Seabird tow was made to determine the water structure and plankton. Drifter 4, the farthest west was picked up at 0531 h 12 May, 40 47.2'N, 68 0.9'W. Arrived at drifter 1 at 0723 h, 40 49.6'N, 67 48.9'W and was left in place. Three stations (148-150) were made north of drifter 1 to define a frontal feature. We then went to drifter 6 (40 50.26'N, 67 35.55'W) at 1133 h, 12 May, found it had lost its holey sock, and retrieved it. We went back west to drifter 1 and did two bongo stations (152, 153) to determine where to place drifters for two contrasting sites within 10 miles of each other. Station 154 was designated as the shoaler site (57 m) within the cooler (6.5 C) part of the frontal band. Two drifters were set out at 1848 h and 1857 h 12 May, 40 5.9'N, 67 55.17'W: drifter 234 (13-m) and drifter 6 (30 m). We then steamed south to drifter 1, designated to be the deeper (67-m) station 155 on the warm side of the front (7.6 C), and deployed a 15-m drifter 200 at 2010 h 12 May 40 50.27'N, 67 47.21'W. We immediately began our time series operations with bongo-net hauls and plankton pump operations, followed by our first MOCNESS tow 137.
On 13 May, MOCNESS and plankton pump, bongo operations continued on station 155. Calanus were very abundant at this site, especially from 20 m, the base of the thermocline, to surface. Our day was highlighted with dozens of breaching whales feeding on surface schools of small mackerel/herring. At 2100 h we steamed north to station 154 making a SeaBird CTD transect between drifter stations 155 and 154. MOCNESS tows 140 and 141 and a plankton pump/CTD profile were completed by 1000 h 14 May. We returned to station 155 by 1120 h to continue plankton pump/bongo operations. On 15 May, 1630 h, we moved back to station 154, drifter 234 and resumed sampling operations. We searched for drifter 6 and found that it had lost its drogue some time within the previous 12 h, but stayed there to complete sampling. By early evening lightning storms were developing that interrupted MOCNESS operations. Drifter 6 was brought aboard at 2154 h, 15 May, 40 56.58'N, 67 54.75'W. Further sampling operations ceased because of the intense lightning/40-50 kt winds as the front was moving through the area. We then steamed to find drifter 234. We deployed a new drifter 1(b) at 0007 h, 16 May, to replace drifter 6 (33-m) at a position where it should have been in relation to the other drifters: 40 50.90'N, 67 55.10'W, 61-m bottom depth. The storm continued through the night and only a 1/4-m 2 MOCNESS (149) was completed by 0700h at this new drifter 1b. Winds 30 kt prevented further MOCNESS hauls so we decided to conduct a SeaBird CTD transect starting at 1040 h, north at CTD #89 (40 57.6'N, 68 04.9'W) at 44-m depth and working south sampling every 5 miles until 1430 h, CTD #93 (40 41.0'N, 67 46.0'W, 77-m bottom). We returned to station 155, drifter 4 at 1620 h and began pump/CTD operations. Operations ceased after 2200 h to ride out the 30 kt winds.
On the morning of 17 May, 0531 h another SeaBird transect was conducted across the frontal zone along 68 00 longitude until 0702 h, from 40 42.5'N (97) to 40 50.2'N (101). We then moved back to station 154, drifter 1, and completed MOCNESS tow 150 and a pump profile. By noon 17 May, we had moved to station 155, drifter 4, to begin pumping operations followed by MOCNESS tows 151 and 152, and another pumping profile completed before midnight.
After midnight, 18 May, our good luck ran out. The starboard boom ceased-up with MOCNESS tow 153 over the side, so this tow couldn't begin until 0237 h. During the tow the VPR didn't work, and there were net sequencing problems. Then, as the 1/4-m2 MOCNESS was preparing to launch, the wire got stuck in the stern block and had to be cut. A leisurely Sunday morning breakfast was on order as the wire had to be re-terminated, which gave us time to consider the pros and cons of further sampling at this site. We all agreed we had had enough and steamed to pick up the shallow-tethered (13-m) drifters 234 and 200. We picked-up drifter 234 at 0946 h, 40 42.14'N, 68 03.0'W, 80-m bottom depth. Picked-up drifter 200 at 1015 h, 40 40.5'N, 68 2.6'W, 85-m bottom depth. A SeaBird cast were made at drifter site 200. We returned to station 155, drifter 4, at 1200 h and ended the final pump-CTD, bongo, ring-net operations for this time series at 1530 h. We then picked-up drifter 1 (station 154), which was within a half mile of drifter 4, at 1550 h, 40 41.9, 68 11.5'W, 77-m bottom depth. Drifter 1 was left on site for further monitoring as we steamed to station 171, 6 miles south of station 155.
Arrived at station 171 at 1430 h, 40 36.5'N, 68 08.0'W, 92-m bottom depth, and completed a ring net, 1-m2 MOCNESS tow 154, and pump-CTD cast by 2130 h, 18 May. We then decided to make a SeaBird CTD transect along the Schlitz/Brink moorings, south to north from mooring 7 to 4. The transect began with station 172 near mooring 7 at 2304 h, 18 May,(40 32.0'N, 68 15.5'W) and ended with station 177 near mooring 4 at 0322 h, 19 May (40 52.5'N, 68 29.9'W). We then steamed east 11 miles to station 178, 40 50.5'N, 68 17.0'W, 50-m bottom depth, arriving at 1430 h. MOCNESS tow 155, a pump-CTD cast, and a ring net were made by 1130 h. Stations 171 and 178 were made to bracket the time-series station 155, drifter 4, going in waters shoaler and deeper than the tidal front (60-70 m) to check the water type and organisms.
Arrived back at the mooring transect at 1430 h, 19 May, a couple of Seabird CTD casts (stations 179 and 180) were made at 70- and 50-m isobaths to make sure we were on either side of the front. At station 180, drifters 6C (33 m) and 234B (13 m) were deployed at 1542 h, 40 44.6'N, 68 26.1'W, 55-m bottom depth. We then steamed a few miles south to deploy drifters 1C (33 m) and 200 (13 m) on station 181 at 1628 h, 40 40.4'N, 68 22.0'W, 70-m bottom depth. Operations commenced with a pump-ctd profile, followed with MOCNESS tow 156. Moved back north to station 180 and began MOCNESS tow 157 at 2330 h 19 May. After a pump-CTD and ring net we moved to a new station 182, about 5 miles north on the transect at 40 48.5'N, 68 28.5'W, 45-m bottom depth. A pump-CTD, MOCNESS tow 158 was completed by 0745 h 20 May. Station 180 began about 1020 h and ended at 1300 h. Station 181 began at 1500 h and ended with MOCNESS tow 160 at 2030 h. New station 183 was added south of 181 at 40 35.0'N, 68 20.0'W, 90-m bottom. Arrived at station 183 and began MOCNESS tow 161 at 2200 h, followed by a ring net and pump-CTD. Between 0248 h and 0450 h, 21 May, a SeaBird-CTD transect was made across the front on the western side of the moorings from south to north, station 184 (40 34.7'N, 68 30.1'W, 75 m) to station 187 (40 37.4, 68 33.8'W, 65 m). Additional steaming transects were made in the area to provide ADCP profiles and locate drifters. By 0816 h we returned to station 183 to complete daylight sampling operations for comparison with the previous nights. MOCNESS tow 162, a pump- CTD, ring net and bongo were completed by 1430 h, 21 May.
We then steamed north to station 180, arrived at 1530 h, 21 May, completed a bongo, ring net, pump-CTD and MOCNESS tow 162 by 2100 h. The final station 182 for pump-CTD and MOCNESS tow 164 was completed between 2300 h 21 May and 0214 h 22 May. Search for drifters began around 0330 h.
Drifter 6c was retrieved at 0515 h, 22 May, 40 42.19'N, 68 29.53'W, 60-m bottom; drifter 34 was retrieved at 0700 h, 40 31.7'N,68 38.3'W, 75-m bottom; drifter 1c was retrieved at 0740 h, 40 31.6'N,68 45.6'W, 71-m bottom; drifter 234 was retrieved at 0823 h, 40 37.21'N,68 42.70'W, 60-m bottom; drifter 2006 was retrieved at 0924 h, 40 31.32'N,68 49.31'W, 71-m bottom. As luck would have it, we were within 3 miles of the lost buoy "Y", from the Schlitz/Brink moorings, and recovered it without incident at 1041 h, 40 30.07'N,68 53.3'W, 70-m bottom. No instrumentation was attached to the short chain link. Marks on the buoy appeared to have been made by collision with a vessel.
With the remaining time we decided to do SeaBird-CTD transects along the Schlitz/Brink moorings starting with mooring 2, heading east to mooring 3 and 4. A new transect started at mooring 4 and ran southwest to mooring 9 and farther on the same bearing. At 1253 h, 22 May we arrived at station 188 (mooring 2), 40 51.20'N,68 49.11'W. There was no superstructure on the surface float, nor was there any on buoy 3, and appeared to have been unscrewed, since there were no apparent markings upon close inspection. We arrived at mooring 4 (station 192) at 1530 h, 40 51.70'N,68 30.29 and every thing was intact. We then steamed on the second transect towards mooring 9, completing stations 193 and 194. Arrived at mooring 9 (Station 195), 40 41.93'N,68 40.48'W, at 1645 h an found the tower missing in the same way as the other 2 moorings. Notified Coast Guard of moorings as navigational hazzards. Station 195 was completed at 1646 h, 22 May and we headed for Woods Hole. Arrived at Woods Hole 0915 h, 23 May 1997.
As in our previous cruise (OC301), one dozen GPS/ARGOS/VHF drifter deployments were made on OC303. The times and positions of each deployment is given in the cruise narrative above and again in the eventlog. Here we discuss the results of each of three clusters. The first cluster (Figure 5) consisted of three instruments deployed in a cross-bank line along the 2nd bongo transect. The three drifters (34, 21, and 36) all had 30m tethers and were deployed in 59, 65, and 72 meter water, respectively. After a few tidal cycles, the three drifters tended to converge towards the tidal front and spread-out alongbank. Drifter 36 lost its drogue part way through the deployment.
As explained in the cruise narrative, a second cluster (Figure 6) of drifters were deployed on 12 May with two drifters 234a (13m) and 6b (33m) on the onbank side of the tidal front and two drifters 200a (13m) and 1a (still 33m) on the off bank side. The results were similar to the first cluster in that the drifters tended to converge towards the front. The drogue on drifter 6b let go. One of the drifters (4b) was left in the water and fortunately drifted into our final cluster experiment further to the west. This third and final cluster (Figure 7) was again two pairs of drifters with a deep and shallow drogue on either side of the tidal front. The deeper drifter on the onbank side (6c) held its position relative to the other three (36c,1c, and 200b) which moved quickly along isobath towards the west-southwest and joined with 4b which had apparently traveled along the tidal front jet from the east.
One minute interpolated values of shipboard sensor data were loaded into a MATLAB routine for range and delta checks and then plotted in Figures 6 (salinity) and Figure 7 (temperature). Note that the salinity records appeared to be good at the start of the cruise (~31.3 PSU) but then suddenly filled with primarily "dropouts". The peak values in the record may be savagable with some filtering but all was lost after 17 May. The seasurface temperature (upper line in Figure 7) looks reasonable until 17 May (see scale on right of figure). There was a general warming of the surface waters of approximately 1 C in the first week of the cruise. The air temperature record shows peaks on 13 and 16 May. In the case of the meteorological sensors, the 5-minute interpolated values look reasonable (see Figure 8 barometric pressure and short wave radiation). Unfortunately, as is often the case with shipboard anemometer records, the wind data is virtually unusable. With the speed and direction of both the wind and ship varying so much especially in heavy seas, it is very difficult to obtain an accurate estimate of the wind. Consequently, the nearby NOAA buoy records are plotted in Figure 9. Buoy (44011) is stationed approximately 100 miles east of the study area but provides an adequate index of the local wind events.
RDI Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers were on board, one operating at 150kHz and the other at 300 kHz. Post-processing of these records has just begun at the time of this writing. A routine to convert the RDI raw data to MATLAB formatted data called BB2MAT has been used to extract velocities. Error checking and quality control of the data needs to be conducted prior to data plotting and release.
A total of 154 CTD casts were conducted including 132 Seabird Profiler casts (Model 19) and 22 Seabird CTD (Model 9/11) cast with a rossette. Most of the 9/11 deployments were actually a series of several up/down cast. In addition, Seabird temperature (Model 3) and conductivity (Model 4) sensors were mounted on all 27 MOCNESS hauls.
The Profiler was attached to the wire just above the bongo-net frame. These cast were double oblique through the water column except for a few vertical cast taken with water bottle samples. The vertical cast were taken for calibration purposes and, since the salinometer difference was less than 0.01 PSU, no salt correction was applied to these data. While the main purpose of these deployments on the bongo hauls is to have a measure of depth (pressure) in real time, significant hydrographic information is gathered. Post-processing of this data was conducted by Maureen Taylor (see Figures 10, 11, , 12, 13, and 14). A total of 7 cross-bank sections were conducted with five or more stations per section. The cross-bank vertical sections of the temperature and salinity are shown in Figures 15 and 16, respectively, for the fine-scale grid study. A more detailed picture of the second of transect #2 is shown in 17
After the fine-scale bongo grid, Seabird 9/11 cast were conducted a few times during the day and a few cast during the night. All cast included measurements from a fluorometer and a transmissometer in addition to the standard CTD variables. While real time display and post-station hardcopy plots of each cast depicted fairly clean and useful data, each cast needed careful hand editing and post-processing especially for the near-surface values. There were typical problems associated with the near-surface values of salinity in particular when the CTD failed to equilibrate or the pump did not turn on until after the package was lowered into the water column. This results in artificial values that are difficult to filter objectively from the real data especially in cases of heavy seas where the instrument is oscillating through the near-surface layer. Nevertheless, the processed data is now posted on the GLOBEC homepage under "PROCESS|1997|NMFS_CTDSB". The individual profiles are displayed for temperature and salinity in Figure 18, and fluoresence and transmission in Figure 19.
The evolution of water-mass structure at drifter station 155 is depicted in Figure 20 for the period of 13-18 May. Eight Model 911 casts at this station (numbers posted at the top of the temperature contour) show the pynocline present at ~25-m depth with approximately 0.3 sigma-t gradient. Except for the very slight mixing of the surface layer due to wind on the afternoon of 16 May, the structure remained fairly constant at this drifter station 155.
The most significant hydrographic observation in the analysis of the data thus far is the presence of two bands of relatively cold/fresh water (possibly remnant Scotian Shelf Water) along the southern flank. One band was apparently aligned and advected with the tidal front and the other was just inside the shelf/slope front. The offbank band was often found as subsurface minimums at bongo/ctd stations 109,113,125,129, and 138. This two-band structure is best depicted in Figure 15, but was visible in most of the satellite imagery from the cruise period (see, for example, Figure 21 and Figure 22. This same feature had been observed on the previous cruise (OC301) and in other years (1995) after episodes of Scotian Shelf crossovers had occurred.
Bongo tows were made with a 61-cm frame fitted with 0.333-mm and 0.505-mm mesh nets using standard MARMAP procedures; i.e., double-oblique from surface to within 5 m of the bottom. A SeaBird CTD (Model 19) was attached to the towing wire above the bongo to monitor sampling depth in real time and to record temperature and salinity. Both net samples were sorted at sea to provide counts on the number of cod and haddock eggs and larvae. Larvae from the bongo-net samples were frozed for biochemical analyses ashore. The initial bongo survey of 10 stations (86-95), 10 miles apart, covered the southern flank of Georges Bank between the 50- and 100-m isobaths during 7-8 May (Figure 2). Few haddock (1-7 per tow) and fewer cod (1-4 per tow) were caught on these stations until station 95, the most eastern site where up to 36 recently- hatched haddock and 7 cod larvae were collected. New spawning was reported on the northeast part of Georges by the previous broadscale cruise OCEANUS 302; so it seems likely that recently- hatched larvae were advected to the southeast part of Georges Bank. Older larvae on the western part of Georges were probably advected there from the southeast as observed in April (OCEANUS 301). A fine-scale grid of stations (50) was conducted on the southern flank between about 67 30' and 68 30' during the period of 9-11 May (Figure 10). Seven transects were made 7 miles apart between the 50-m and 100-m isobaths. On each transect bongo stations were 5 miles apart. Few gadid eggs were found on the survey. Larvae were found (Figure 23) at all but a few stations; their modal size was 6-7 mm SL. Larval catches were typically less than 10 per net (note: Figure 23 includes both .333-mm and .505-mm nets). Haddock larvae were generally more abundant than cod and found more at stations 60 m and shoaler. Highest number of both cod (7-11) and haddock (16-17) caught in the 0.333-mm net was at station 136 on the southwest part of Little Georges, 55-m bottom depth. Larval catches were significantly low or absent at stations located along the 70-m isobath and deeper. Also, the percentage of Calanus in the samples usually was greater than 70% in water deeper than 70 m and less than 50% in waters shoaler. The distribution of hydroids (provided by Barbara Sullivan and Jason Williams at URI) was similar (Figure 24). Water type and associated organisms appeared to be different on either side of a front along the 70-m isobath. Based on this survey, the time-series sites were selected at the frontal region near the 70-m isobath where Calanus and larval fish were sufficiently abundant to conduct feeding and growth experiments. The sites were to be located to the east on transect 2 or 3 where the drifters were presently, which would allow us to follow them for 5-7 days and not be advected into the Great South Channel.
Table 1. Bongo samples taken for analysis
Mesh size (mm) 0.333 0.505 Number of jars 79 72 COD- Caldarone 105 89 HADDOCK- Caldarone 262 241 Calanus, CIV- Campbell 454 LH SCULPIN - Incze 1
The 1-m2 MOCNESS with nine 0.333-mm mesh nets was used to sample larval fish and larger zooplankton. New sensors on the 1-m2 MOCNESS (light, transmission, fluorometry) worked this cruise. A Video Plankton recorder (VPR) also was attached to the MOCNESS frame to record fine-scale zooplankton during the tow. Results of the VPR recordings are discussed below. The 1/4-m2 MOCNESS with nine 0.064-mm nets was used to sample the smaller plankton such as copepod nauplii. The tow profile for these two nets was nominally 10-m strata within 5 m of the bottom; extra nets were used for special collections. The 1-m2 MOCNESS nets typcally sampled for 5 minutes to filter about 200 m3 of water; the 1/4-m2 MOCNESS nets for 2-3 minutes to filter about 30 m3. Following a drifter as the station marker, the MOCNESS sampling strategy was to make four tows every 24 hours; 0700, 1200, 1700, and 2400 h. The one night tow at 2400h was fully sorted for fish larvae, which were frozen for biochemical analysis. The early morning, midday, and late afternoon tows were preserved in formalin for gut content analysis; any extra nets were used for biochemical specimens. In between MOCNESS tows and CTD-pumping, other special sampling was conducted for zooplankton demography, rearing and experimental feeding studies.
The distribution of all 1/4m2 taken during the cruise is plotted in Figure 31 and all 1-m2 MOCNESS is plotted in Figure 32. Eleven MOCNESS tows (137-139, 142-146, 151-153) were made following drifter station 155, off-shore of the tidal front, and six MOCNESS tows (140-141, 147-150) were made following drifter station 154, on-shore of the front. Two larval fish vertical profiles are shown here for station 155 in Figure 25, and for station 154 in Figure 26. MOCNESS 143 (Fig. 25) was made on the off-shore side of the tidal front where there was a weak thermocline (5.6-6.8 oC) near 15 m depth. Cod and haddock larvae were most abundant in the surface 20 m, and haddock, which were more abundant, had maximum density at 10-20 m, the thermocline depth. In contrast, MOCNESS 150 (Fig. 26) made on the on-shore side of the tidal front, shows larvae to be distributed throughout the water column, with a slight middepth increase in abundance near 30 m, corresponding with the 1 oC change in water temperature. It is unclear how this vertical distribution of larvae is related to the tidal-front structure. The available length frequencies for the two stations are shown in Figure 27. The range of larval length, 5-11 mm, was similar for both cod and haddock and at both stations. More larvae were available for station 155, the off-shore station; haddock had a length mode of 6 mm, and cod, 7 mm. There did not appear to be a pronounced modal length at the on-shore station 154.
At the end of the cruise, a series of day and night paired 1-m2 MOCNESS tow (156-164) were made at the Schlitz/Brink moorings to cover both sides of the tidal front at the southwest corner of Georges Bank (see Figure 32).
Samples for biochemical and age analysis were taken from 58 0.333-mm mesh, 61-cm bongo nets, 51 0.505-mm mesh, 61-cm bongo nets, and 23 0.333-mm mesh 1-m2 MOCNESS hauls. All samples were rinsed from the nets using minimal seawater pressure and transferred to buckets containing ice packs. Plankton from nets that were not to be sorted was preserved immediately using 4% buffered formaldehyde in seawater. Plankton samples sorted for fish or invertebrates were picked in seawater filled translucent sorting trays on ice covered light tables. Every effort was made to keep samples cold during processing to delay decomposition. Plankton remaining after removal of samples was preserved with 4% buffered formaldehyde and sea water.
Larval fish collected for Caldarone/Buckley were video taped using a Zeiss Stemi SV6 stereomicroscope outrigged with an MTI CCD72 black and white video camera, then individually frozen in liquid nitrogen. The video images will be used to collect morphometric data. The data will be used to determine the nutritional condition and growth rate of the individual fish.
Larval fish collected for B.Burns were measured to the nearest 0.01 mm SL using Optimas image analysis software connected to a Zeiss Stemi SV6 stereomicroscope, equiped with a Hitachi HV-C20 color video camera. These fish will have their age determined by otolith microstructure analysis. A total of 192 cod and 503 haddock were collected from bongo tows conducted at 66 stations. Individual cod and haddock were collected, videotaped. and placed in liquid nitrogen. A total of 159 cod and 603 haddock were collected from 23 1-m2 MOCNESS tows. The larvae will be analyzed for their RNA, DNA, and protein content, and length. The data will be used to determine the growth rate and nutritional condition of the individual fish. A comparison will be made of fish taken from the different sites and at discrete depths.
Table 2. MOCNESS samples taken for analysis
1-m2 MOCNESS SAMPLES
Net Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of jars 35 26 25 26 32 48 62 67 29
COD - Caldarone 4 10 11 11 5 18 15 59 27
HADDOCK - Cald 34 18 15 36 31 81 51 211 105
COD - Burns 4 4
HADDOCK - Burns 17 26 37
1/4-m2 MOCNESS SAMPLES
Net Number 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Number of jars 0 5 5 5 5 6 5 3 2
This cruise was a continuation of work begun during Cruise OC301 in April this year to describe potential prey available to larval cod and haddock at various times of day and under different hydrographic conditions and shelf locations. We used the same pump system (ca. 350 l/min on deck) and mesh size (40 um) described for the earlier cruise except that we modified the subsampling system to provide 15-19 l/min instead of the previous 8-10 l/min. This enabled us to reduce sampling time to 2 minutes per depth to get the desired sample volume. Sampling depths were 60, 50, 40, 35, 30, 25, 20, 15, 10 and 5 m with occassionally deeper (up to 75 m) and shallower (usually 2 m) samples.
We averaged 36.2 l per sample (sd = 3.2 l) on this cruise and obtained 188 samples from 20 stations. This included a series of samples taken at the two original drifters #155 (7 profiles from 5/13-5/18) and 154 (1 profile each on 5/14 and 5/17). Prey sampling with the pump was focussed to match locations and times of larval fish sampling. This accounts for most of the imbalance in number of profiles at the two stations. Weather and convergence of drifters after the first 1.5 d also contributed to the small number of profiles at #154. After the drifter series was completed, we profiled the deeper and shallower portions of the bank at positions orthogonal to the isobaths at the final drifter positions to sample what should more clearly have been mid-flank and inner bank stations (stations 171 and 178, respectively). These will be used to compare with the converged (frontal) drifters that we had been studying for the previous week. The final phase of the cruise from 20-22 May concentrated on across-shelf sampling at the mooring line near the southwest corner of the bank, again coupling pump with larval fish sampling (station 180: 3 profiles; 181: 2 profiles; 182: 1 profile; 183: 3 profiles).
In addition to the above samples (40 um mesh net, formalin-preserved), we collected Niskin water bottle samples and preserved 200 ml whole water with Lugol's preservative at the following stations: 3 profiles at station 155; 2 at station 154 and 1 each at stations 171 and 178. Sampling depths were 50, 40, 30, 20, 10 and 5 m.
The video camera on the 1-m2 MOCNESS and the fine mesh (60 um) on the 1/4 m MOC will provide cross-calibrations of methods with pump estimates. In addition, larger zooplankton from the pump samples will be compared with 1-m2 MOCNESS samples at selected stations. Pump samples are of intermediate resolution for depth and volume between the nets and the camera.
The Video Plankton Recorder, an underwater imaging video microscope, was mounted above the net opening on the 1-m2 MOCNESS. This particular system was held in four underwater housings and consisted of a Hi-8 Video Camcorder interfaced with a Tattletale Computer Software, a single high-magnification camera, a strobe, and a standard MOCNESS battery pack. Operation was independent of the MOCNESS. Field of view for the high magnification camera was 5 mm by 4 mm. Recordings were later dubbed to SVHS tape format together with time code. Recordings were made for all 1-m2 tows with the exception of haul 153. All in-focus images will be identified to the lowest taxon possible. A total of 22 tapes will be analyzed and contribute to prey field composition data.
A bongo survey was conducted for the first five days of the cruise (7 - 12 May) to map the fish larvae and Calanus distributions along the southern flank of the bank. This survey was used to select two stations later in the cruise for comparative time series measurements, and one of these stations was chosen for the Calanus recruitment-mortality study.
Calanus abundances were greatest at stations located in water greater than about 70 m and decreased towards the shallower stations. At the shallow stations (<50 m) Calanus were only approximately 30% of the total copepod abundances, other copepods included Pseudocalanus, Centropages, and Temora. In the shallow regions the biomass was dominated by hydroids, and there was a very great amount of phytoplankton, either Phaeocystis sp. or Chaetoceros socialis, which coated the nets with a brown slime. As we moved into deeper water we found that the biomass of hydroids and phytoplankton decreased and the proportion of Calanus increased to greater than 90% of the total copepod numbers, with some Pseudocalanus and Metridia also present. We did not observe a clear demarcation between these regions but rather a gradual change, and the depth range over which this change occurred was dependent on the stage of the tide.
During the entire cruise, at most stations on the southern flank, Calanus life stages were dominated by stages C3 and C4. There were usually good numbers of C5s present, and C1s and C2s, at times, were also abundant. However, there were few adults and naupliar stages observed on the southern flank during the cruise. At most stations it appeared that the number of adult males were equal to or greater than the number of females, which generally are much more abundant than males. In the early part of the cruise some late stage Calanus nauplii were observed, but by mid-cruise very few Calanus nauplii were present. Even in the Calanus rich regions there were very few nauplii, and of those present the majority were other species.
On 12 May two drifter stations located more than 10 miles apart on either side of the tidal mixing front were selected for time series measurements. Stations 154 and 155 were located on the shallow and deeper sides, respectively, of the front. The shallow site had a mix of different copepods including Calanus, Pseudocalanus, Centropages, and Temora. There were some hydroids and phytoplankton but not as much as at shallower stations. In contrast, station 155 contained more than 90% Calanus, some Pseudocalanus and Metridia, no hydroids, and no phytoplankton that slimed the nets. We chose station 155 to conduct the recruitment-mortality study.
At Sta. 155, as at Sta. 154, two drifters were deployed, one drogued at 15 m and the other at 30 m. We chose to conduct all of our sampling at Sta. 155 at the deeper drogued drifter. Five replicate vertically integrated pump samples and three oblique bongo tows were taken each day for estimation of daily abundance of Calanus life stages beginning on the night of 12 May and continuing through 18 May. In addition, Calanus egg production measurements were made daily, and naupliar development rates and copepodite development and growth rates were determined several times at the station during this period.
During the six day time series both sets of drifters from Stas. 154 and 155 converged at the frontal region. Initially, the 30 m drogued drifters were deployed more than 10 miles apart, but by the time they were picked up 6 days later they were separated by only 1/4 mile. During the six day deployment the deep drifter at Sta. 155 remained at approximately the same isobath (70 m) and moved in a southwest direction. However, even though the depth did not change there was a substantial change in the biota.
Initially, at Sta. 155 more than 90% of the copepods in the .333-mm net were Calanus. For the first two days the Calanus were so abundant that the bongo hauls had to be split prior to preservation. On the 13th, the Calanus were found to be near the surface (10 - 20 m) in very great abundance based on observations from the MOCNESS tow. There were huge schools of small fish, possibly herring or mackerel, boiling at the surface which appeared to be feeding on this Calanus layer. The fish schools in turn were being fed upon by numerous humpback, fin, pilot and possibly sei/minke whales. Estimates of the number of larger whales (humpbacks, fins, sei/minke) that were observed around the ship ranged between 20 and 40. On the 14th, we collected only about 25% of the Calanus biomass that was collected on the previous day, but Calanus was still the dominant copepod. Also, there were no fish schools or whales observed. There was a thermocline present at 25 m and the Calanus were located above this in the surface. At this time we noticed that all the drifters appeared to be converging at the front. By the 15th, more phytoplankton was accumulating in the nets, and by the 16th Calanus was no longer the dominant copepod. At this time, Pseudocalanus, Calanus, and Metridia were equally abundant, and some Centropages and Temora were also present. There was a significant amount of phytoplankton, which appeared to be Chaetoceros socialis, coating the nets. These phytoplankton colonies were also observed in the surface by the VPR. Other phytoplankton present included Coscinodiscus, Ceratium, various chain forming diatoms, and an unidentified green ball approx. 0.2 - 0.4 mm in diameter. By the 18th, the final day, the phytoplankton had increased in abundance and Psuedocalanus was the most numerous copepod.
C. finmarchicus egg production rates varied between 2 (Sta. 183, 21 May) and 38 (Sta. 142, 11 May) eggs female-1d-1 (Table 3). The median egg laying rate was 25 eggs female-1d-1. The two low rates at stations 171 and 183 are consistent with 1995 broadscale observations, which showed a low reproductive index for females on the southern edge of the flank. At the drifter station, egg production on the first day was 5 eggs female-1d-1 (Sta. 155-A, 13 May), but subsequently varied between 23 and 28 eggs female-1d-1 (14-18 May). The significantly lower rate on 13 May may be associated with the dramatic change in abundance of Calanus that was previously noted. Hatching success of eggs, determined for the first 7 egg production observations (Table 4), varied between 62 and 80% (mean: 69.8%).
Table 3. Summary of Calanus egg production measurements, 24 h incubation immediately after capture: mean egg production rate and standard error (n = number of individual females), mean clutch size and standard error (n = number of clutches)
Station Date EP Rate (eggs fem-1d-1) S.E. (n) Clutch size S.E. (n) 94 8/5 11.7 3.5 (40) 42.4 6.1 (11) 107 9/5 21.5 4.5 (40) 43.2 8.6 (20) 123 10/5 28.1 6.2 (40) 51.2 11.3 (22) 142 11/5 38.0 7.2 (20) 58.5 5.1 (13) 155-A 13/5 5.0 2.2 (40) 33.5 7.9 (6) 155-B 14/5 26.7 4.1 (40) 34.4 4.4 (31) 155-C 15/5 33.5 5.1 (39) 39.6 4.0 (33) 155-D 17/5 22.8 4.0 (40) 45.5 3.4 (20) 155-E 18/5 28.5 6.1 (29) 47.6 6.9 (18) 171 18/5 4.9 2.8 (30) 29.2 12.9 (5) 178 19/5 25.9 5.9 (30) 55.4 6.3 (14) 181 20/5 25.0 4.4 (40) 45.2 4.6 (22) 183 21/5 2.1 1.3 (40) 28.0 7.2 (3)
Table 4. Results of egg viability experiments to date. ParthNv dish refers to eggs that were clearly parthenogenic (opaque, no membrane) or non-viable (irregular shape) in dish during counting. Mean hatch success refers to results of incubations of lots of 50 mixed eggs. Total hatch success (1-ParthNV dish) * hatch success.
Station Date Part dish Mean hatch success(%) S.E. (n) Total hatch success (%) 94 8/5 0.04 62 2.7 (5) 60 107 9/5 0.03 69 2.0 (5) 67 123 10/5 0.03 65 2.8 (5) 63 142 11/5 0.01 74 2.5 (5) 73 155-A 13/5 0.01 80 6.1 (5) 79 155-B 14/5 0.02 68 11.9 (5) 67 155-C 15/5 0.02 71 5.2 (5) 70 155-D 17/5 0.03 155-E 18/5 0.03 171 18/5 0.12 178 19/5 0.01 181 20/5 0.01 183 21/5 0.01
Development rates of Calanus naupliar stages were determined in triplicate on-deck 100 liter mesocosms. The mesocosms were placed inside a water bath where temperature was controlled with circulating surface sea water. The mesocosms were filled with prescreened (0.10 mm) water pumped from 2 meters depth with a diaphram pump. Nauplii were collected with a 0.150 mm net and gently screened through a 0.20 mm nitex mesh that was immersed in a bucket of surface water to remove older stages. A portion of the resulting 0.15 to 0.20 mm size fraction, a cohort consisting of mainly N4 and N5 Calanus nauplii, was added to the mesocosms to give a density of less than 2000 nauplii per tank. The development of the cohort was monitored daily for 3 days by sampling the tanks for stage abundances. Chlorophyll a concentrations were also monitored. The copepods were preserved in 4% formaldehyde for later stage identification and enumeration. The changes in stage abundances over time will enable us to calculate development rates.
Three experiments were conducted during the cruise at Stas. 94, 155, and 181 beginning on 8 May, 13 May, and 19 May respectively. Several attempts were made to conduct additional experiments at the drifter station (Sta. 155), but too few Calanus nauplii were present. In all the experiments Pseudocalanus early copepodites were the most abundant copepod stages present in the tanks. At Sta. 94, Calanus nauplii were 25% of the total copepod numbers in the tanks, but at Stas. 155 and 181 they were less than 5%.
Both development and growth (carbon and nitrogen) rates of Calanus copepodite stages were determined. Copepodites of a specific stage were sorted (unanesthetized) from a live net tow under a dissecting microscope, incubated in 8 l polycarbonate bottles filled with ambient surface water or ambient water enriched with phytoplankton cultures (Tetraselmis sp. and Heterocapsa triquetra) and placed in a water bath (temperature controlled with circulating surface sea water). Measurements were taken for initial size (length, and carbon and nitrogen content), and final size measurements (noting any molting that had occurred for development rate calculations) were made after a two day incubation. The enriched treatment was used to determine if development and/or growth rates were food limited and as such, could be enhanced with the addition of the mixed phytoplankton diet.
Three separate experiments were conducted at Sta. 155, and one each at Sta. 123 and Sta. 181 (Table 5). At this time, the carbon and nitrogen growth calculations have not been completed. Development rates were faster in May than during the April cruise, where development rates were generally below 50% of the maximum rates. The May development rates were still some what below the maximum rates achieved in the laboratory, except for the one experiment with C2s. The increased development rates coincided with increased food concentrations in terms of Chlorophyll a(Figure 24). Chlorophyll a concentrations during the April cruise were less than 1 microg/l.
Table 5. Results of Calanus copepodite development rate experiments. The proportion of the maximum development rate (corrected for incubation temperature) achieved for each stage and treatment in a given experiment are shown. Values represent means of 3 replicate bottles.
Sta. 123 Sta. 155 Sta. 155 Sta. 155 Sta. 181
Stage Treatment 10-May 13-May 16-May 17-May 20-May
C2 Ambient 1.09
C3 Ambient 0.75 0.69
C3 Enriched 0.68
C4 Ambient 0.67 0.67 0.97 0.28
C4 Enriched 0.62 0.73 0.79 0.63
Size and condition measurements At Sta. 155, Calanus C1 through adult were collected with live net hauls (0.15 mm) for size (length, carbon, and nitrogen) and condition (RNA/DNA ratio) measurements. Copepods, under anesthetic (MS222), were sorted from the net haul using a dissecting microscope, their images recorded with a video system for later length measurements, and then placed in either a tin boat and dried over desiccant for carbon and nitrogen analysis or put into cryotubes and frozen in liquid nitrogen for RNA/DNA determinations. In addition, size and condition measurements were made on Calanus C4s during four separate transects across the tidal mixing front on the southern flank.
EVENT# INSTRU CAST STA MTHDAYGMT S/E LAT LON WDEP SDEP PI(S) oc12797.1 BongoSB 1 86 5 7 2301 s 4034.7 6830.3 75 70 Lough oc12797.2 BongoSB 1 86 5 7 2313 e 4035.0 6830.4 75 70 Lough oc12897.1 BongoSB 2 87 5 8 140 s 4040.4 6829.4 62 58 Lough oc12897.2 BongoSB 2 87 5 8 146 e 4039.8 6829.3 62 58 Lough oc12897.3 BongoSB 3 88 5 8 424 s 4050.3 6815.2 50 44 Lough oc12897.4 BongoSB 3 88 5 8 435 e 4049.7 6815.4 50 44 Lough oc12897.5 BongoSB 4 89 5 8 611 s 4043.0 6806.8 77 73 Lough oc12897.6 BongoSB 4 89 5 8 620 e 4042.3 6807.2 77 73 Lough oc12897.7 BongoSB 5 90 5 8 813 s 4037.0 6801.9 91 85 Lough oc12897.8 BongoSB 5 90 5 8 826 e 4037.0 6801.9 89 85 Lough oc12897.9 BongoSB 6 91 5 8 1020 s 4044.2 6752.2 74 69 Lough oc12897.10 BongoSB 6 91 5 8 1031 e 4044.3 6752.8 75 69 Lough oc12897.11 BongoSB 7 92 5 8 1229 s 4037.8 6742.1 78 75 Lough oc12897.12 BongoSB 7 92 5 8 1241 e 4037.4 6742.5 78 75 Lough oc12897.13 ZPN 1 94 5 8 1319 s 4051.5 6726.2 85 50 Campbell mesocosm #4 oc12897.14 ZPN 1 94 5 8 1327 e 4051.3 6726.1 85 50 Campbell oc12897.15 ZPN 2 94 5 8 1331 s 4051.2 6726.1 85 70 Runge Calanus egg oc12897.16 ZPN 2 94 5 8 1340 e 4050.8 6726.1 85 70 Runge oc12897.17 BongoSB 8 93 5 8 1444 s 4045.0 6731.4 86 82 Lough oc12897.18 BongoSB 8 93 5 8 1459 e 4044.6 6731.8 86 82 Lough oc12897.19 BongoSB 9 94 5 8 1648 s 4052.8 6725.7 82 77 Lough oc12897.20 BongoSB 9 94 5 8 1700 e 4052.0 6726.2 83 77 Lough oc12897.21 BongoSB 10 95 5 8 2103 s 4058.7 6715.1 77 73 Lough oc12897.22 BongoSB 10 95 5 8 2119 e 4058.6 6716.6 78 73 Lough oc12997.1 BongoSB 11 96 5 9 18 s 4037.9 6724.9 98 94 Lough oc12997.2 BongoSB 11 96 5 9 26 e 4037.7 6724.9 98 94 Lough oc12997.3 BongoSB 12 97 5 9 136 s 4042.4 6728.0 92 88 Lough oc12997.4 BongoSB 12 97 5 9 156 e 4041.7 6727.4 92 88 Lough oc12997.5 BongoSB 13 98 5 9 315 s 4046.8 6731.0 85 82 Lough oc12997.6 BongoSB 13 98 5 9 325 e 4046.4 6730.6 85 82 Lough oc12997.7 BongoSB 14 99 5 9 448 s 4051.3 6734.0 76 73 Lough oc12997.8 BongoSB 14 99 5 9 502 e 4050.7 6733.5 76 73 Lough oc12997.9 BongoSB 15 100 5 9 621 s 4055.2 6736.5 70 66 Lough oc12997.10 BongoSB 15 100 5 9 632 e 4054.7 6736.3 70 66 Lough oc12997.11 BongoSB 16 101 5 9 741 s 4059.8 6738.9 64 60 Lough oc12997.12 BongoSB 16 101 5 9 750 e 4059.6 6739.1 64 60 Lough oc12997.13 BongoSB 17 102 5 9 840 s 4105.0 6742.7 47 43 Lough oc12997.14 BongoSB 17 102 5 9 848 e 4104.7 6743.0 49 43 Lough oc12997.15 BongoSB 18 103 5 9 932 s 4108.9 6745.3 43 39 Lough oc12997.16 BongoSB 18 103 5 9 941 e 4108.7 6745.6 45 39 Lough oc12997.17 BongoSB 19 104 5 9 1102 s 4106.0 6753.4 50 46 Lough oc12997.18 BongoSB 19 104 5 9 1109 e 4105.9 6753.5 50 46 Lough oc12997.19 BongoSB 21 106 5 9 1318 s 4057.0 6752.5 57 52 Lough oc12997.20 BongoSB 21 106 5 9 1327 e 4057.1 6752.0 57 52 Lough oc12997.21 Drifter 4a 146 5 9 1350 s 4057.4 6751.6 57 33 Manning Deployment oc12997.22 BongoSB 20 105 5 9 1408 s 4101.9 6750.9 50 46 Lough oc12997.23 BongoSB 20 105 5 9 1415 e 4102.0 6750.5 50 46 Lough oc12997.24 BongoSB 22 107 5 9 1444 s 4052.4 6744.8 65 60 Lough oc12997.25 BongoSB 22 107 5 9 1456 e 4052.5 6744.0 65 60 Lough oc12997.26 Drifter 1a 107 5 9 1506 s 4052.6 6743.7 65 33 Manning Deployment oc12997.27 ZPN 3 107 5 9 1514 s 4052.6 6743.2 70 55 Runge egg produc oc12997.28 ZPN 3 107 5 9 1520 e 4052.6 6743.2 70 55 Campbell oc12997.29 Drifter 6a 108 5 9 1700 s 4048.5 6741.6 72 33 Manning Deployment oc12997.30 BongoSB 23 108 5 9 1711 s 4048.5 6741.6 72 67 Lough oc12997.31 BongoSB 23 108 5 9 1720 e 4048.3 6740.7 70 67 Lough oc12997.32 BongoSB 24 109 5 9 1832 s 4043.5 6739.0 77 73 Lough oc12997.33 BongoSB 24 109 5 9 1841 e 4043.2 6738.7 77 73 Lough oc12997.34 BongoSB 25 110 5 9 1943 s 4039.5 6736.4 87 85 Lough oc12997.35 BongoSB 25 110 5 9 1956 e 4039.2 6736.0 87 85 Lough oc13097.39 BongoSB 26 111 5 9 2133 s 4035.1 6733.5 101 97 Lough oc13097.40 BongoSB 26 111 5 9 2147 e 4034.8 6733.3 104 97 Lough oc12997.36 BongoSB 27 112 5 9 2330 s 4031.9 6742.2 134 137 Lough oc12997.37 BongoSB 27 112 5 9 2352 e 4031.8 6743.2 500+137 Lough oc13097.1 BongoSB 28 113 5 10 50 s 4036.4 6745.1 85 80 Lough oc13097.2 BongoSB 28 113 5 10 107 e 4036.2 6745.7 85 80 Lough oc13097.3 BongoSB 29 114 5 10 152 s 4040.4 6747.6 79 76 Lough oc13097.4 BongoSB 29 114 5 10 206 e 4040.1 6747.9 79 76 Lough oc13097.5 BongoSB 30 115 5 10 321 s 4044.9 6750.4 73 69 Lough oc13097.6 BongoSB 30 115 5 10 332 e 4044.5 6750.4 73 69 Lough oc13097.7 BongoSB 31 116 5 10 442 s 4049.4 6753.5 68 65 Lough oc13097.8 BongoSB 31 116 5 10 454 e 4048.1 6754.1 68 65 Lough oc13097.9 BongoSB 32 117 5 10 609 s 4053.9 6756.6 58 55 Lough oc13097.10 BongoSB 32 117 5 10 619 e 4053.1 6756.8 58 55 Lough oc13097.11 BongoSB 33 118 5 10 737 s 4058.4 6759.0 54 50 Lough oc13097.12 BongoSB 33 118 5 10 749 e 4057.9 6759.4 54 50 Lough oc13097.13 BongoSB 34 119 5 10 915 s 4103.0 6802.4 43 38 Lough oc13097.14 BongoSB 34 119 5 10 927 e 4102.7 6803.4 42 38 Lough oc13097.15 BongoSB 35 120 5 10 1045 s 4159.6 6810.0 45 42 Lough oc13097.16 BongoSB 35 120 5 10 1055 e 4159.6 6810.7 45 42 Lough oc13097.17 BongoSB 36 121 5 10 1205 s 4055.3 6807.5 59 56 Lough oc13097.18 BongoSB 36 121 5 10 1218 e 4055.2 6807.9 59 56 Lough oc13097.19 BongoSB 37 122 5 10 1317 s 4050.9 6804.8 62 59 Lough oc13097.20 BongoSB 37 122 5 10 1327 e 4050.6 6804.7 62 59 Lough oc13097.21 BongoSB 38 123 5 10 1412 s 4046.4 6801.4 71 70 Lough oc13097.22 BongoSB 38 123 5 10 1422 e 4046.2 6801.1 71 70 Lough oc13097.23 BongoSB 39 123 5 10 1425 s 4046.2 6801.0 71 Lough oc13097.24 BongoSB 39 123 5 10 1435 e 4046.0 6800.7 71 Lough oc13097.25 ZPN 4 123 5 10 1443 s 4045.9 6800.4 72 50 Campbell growth exp oc13097.26 ZPN 4 123 5 10 1450 e 4045.9 6800.4 72 50 Campbell oc13097.27 ZPN 5 123 5 10 1452 s 4045.9 6800.2 72 65 Runge egg produc oc13097.28 ZPN 5 123 5 10 1459 e 4045.9 6800.2 72 65 Runge oc13097.29 ZPN 6 141 5 10 1620 e 4032.9 6823.6 92 85 Runge oc13097.30 BongoSB 40 124 5 10 1626 s 4041.9 6759.0 83 78 Lough oc13097.31 BongoSB 40 124 5 10 1638 s 4041.0 6759.2 83 78 Lough oc13097.32 BongoSB 41 125 5 10 1754 s 4037.3 6756.1 89 89 Lough oc13097.33 BongoSB 41 125 5 10 1805 s 4036.6 6756.1 90 90 Lough oc13097.34 ZPN 7 142 5 10 1857 e 4036.1 6825.7 65 55 Runge oc13097.35 BongoSB 42 126 5 10 1913 s 4032.9 6753.5 100 95 Lough oc13097.36 BongoSB 42 126 5 10 1928 s 4032.1 6753.5 99 95 Lough oc13097.37 BongoSB 43 127 5 10 2054 s 4029.8 6802.0 121 116 Lough oc13097.38 BongoSB 43 127 5 10 2110 s 4029.4 6802.0 124 116 Lough oc13097.41 BongoSB 44 128 5 10 2223 s 4034.8 6804.6 98 91 Lough oc13097.42 BongoSB 44 128 5 10 2240 s 4035.3 6804.4 94 91 Lough oc13097.43 BongoSB 45 129 5 10 2328 s 4039.0 6807.5 88 83 Lough oc13097.44 BongoSB 45 129 5 10 2340 s 4039.7 6807.9 85 83 Lough oc13197.1 BongoSB 46 130 5 11 30 s 4043.5 6810.1 74 68 Lough oc13197.2 BongoSB 46 130 5 11 43 s 4043.2 6810.4 74 68 Lough oc13197.3 BongoSB 47 131 5 11 219 s 4048.5 6813.1 51 48 Lough oc13197.4 BongoSB 47 131 5 11 229 s 4048.6 6813.4 51 48 Lough oc13197.5 BongoSB 48 132 5 11 345 s 4051.7 6816.0 47 43 Lough oc13197.6 BongoSB 48 132 5 11 357 s 4051.2 6816.0 47 43 Lough oc13197.7 BongoSB 49 133 5 11 521 s 4056.3 6818.5 48 42 Lough oc13197.8 BongoSB 49 133 5 11 529 s 4055.7 6818.4 48 42 Lough oc13197.9 BongoSB 50 134 5 11 640 s 4053.4 6826.5 52 47 Lough oc13197.10 BongoSB 50 134 5 11 654 s 4052.5 6826.7 52 47 Lough oc13197.11 BongoSB 51 135 5 11 744 s 4049.4 6824.0 49 45 Lough oc13197.12 BongoSB 51 135 5 11 754 s 4048.5 6824.1 49 45 Lough oc13197.13 BongoSB 52 136 5 11 937 s 4044.5 6821.1 58 54 Lough oc13197.14 BongoSB 52 136 5 11 948 s 4044.2 6820.7 58 54 Lough oc13197.15 BongoSB 53 137 5 11 1051 s 4040.5 6818.1 73 70 Lough oc13197.16 BongoSB 53 137 5 11 1103 s 4040.2 6818.1 73 70 Lough oc13197.17 BongoSB 54 138 5 11 1219 s 4036.0 6815.3 93 89 Lough oc13197.18 BongoSB 54 138 5 11 1236 s 4035.7 6815.0 93 89 Lough oc13197.19 BongoSB 55 139 5 11 1324 s 4031.4 6812.5 105 101 Lough oc13197.20 BongoSB 55 139 5 11 1343 s 4031.0 6812.1 105 101 Lough oc13197.21 BongoSB 56 140 5 11 1502 s 4028.4 6820.6 100 98 Lough oc13197.22 BongoSB 56 140 5 11 1515 s 4028.0 6820.8 100 98 Lough oc13197.23 BongoSB 57 141 5 11 1604 s 4032.9 6823.6 92 88 Lough oc13197.24 ZPN 6 141 5 11 1604 s 4032.9 6823.6 92 85 Runge oc13197.25 BongoSB 57 141 5 11 1620 s 4032.1 6823.5 93 88 Lough oc13197.26 BongoSB 58 142 5 11 1827 s 4037.4 6826.0 74 68 Lough oc13197.27 BongoSB 58 142 5 11 1842 s 4036.5 6826.1 76 68 Lough oc13197.28 ZPN 7 142 5 11 1851 s 4036.3 6825.9 65 55 Runge oc13197.29 BongoSB 59 143 5 11 2056 s 4041.8 6829.1 60 57 Lough oc13197.30 BongoSB 59 143 5 11 2107 s 4041.1 6829.3 64 57 Lough oc13197.31 BongoSB 60 144 5 11 2217 s 4046.0 6832.1 57 50 Lough oc13197.32 BongoSB 60 144 5 11 2217 s 4045.6 6832.4 51 50 Lough oc13197.33 BongoSB 61 145 5 11 2330 s 4050.4 6834.6 58 53 Lough oc13197.34 BongoSB 61 145 5 11 2340 s 4050.2 6834.8 58 53 Lough oc13297.1 Drifter 4a 146 5 12 523 s 4047.3 6801.0 70 33 Manning Recovery oc13297.2 BongoSB 62 146 5 12 631 s 4047.2 6800.9 71 67 Lough oc13297.3 BongoSB 62 146 5 12 645 s 4046.5 6801.1 71 67 Lough oc13297.4 BongoSB 63 147 5 12 723 s 4049.6 6748.9 68 64 Lough oc13297.5 BongoSB 63 147 5 12 735 s 4049.1 6749.1 68 64 Lough oc13297.6 BongoSB 64 148 5 12 836 s 4051.7 6749.8 65 62 Lough oc13297.7 BongoSB 64 148 5 12 845 s 4051.5 6749.9 65 62 Lough oc13297.8 BongoSB 65 149 5 12 905 s 4054.4 6750.1 63 60 Lough oc13297.9 BongoSB 65 149 5 12 912 s 4054.3 6750.1 63 60 Lough oc13297.10 BongoSB 66 150 5 12 932 s 4057.0 6751.0 58 55 Lough oc13297.11 BongoSB 66 150 5 12 939 s 4056.9 6750.9 58 55 Lough oc13297.12 Drifter 6a 5 12 1133 s 4050.4 6735.9 74 33 Manning Recovery oc13297.13 BongoSB 67 151 5 12 1139 s 4050.4 6736.0 74 70 Lough oc13297.14 BongoSB 67 151 5 12 1150 s 4050.1 6736.3 74 70 Lough oc13297.15 BongoSB 68 152 5 12 1426 s 4051.0 6752.4 67 64 Lough oc13297.16 BongoSB 68 152 5 12 1436 s 4050.8 6752.3 67 64 Lough oc13297.17 Drifter 234a 154 5 12 1440 s 4056.6 6755.0 57 13 Manning Deployment oc13297.18 Drifter 6b 154 5 12 1445 s 4056.6 6755.0 57 33 Manning Deployment oc13297.19 Drifter 200a 155 5 12 1610 s 4050.4 6747.4 67 13 Manning Deployment oc13297.20 BongoSB 69 153 5 12 1616 s 4054.7 6754.2 60 56 Lough oc13297.21 BongoSB 69 153 5 12 1626 s 4054.3 6753.7 60 56 Lough oc13297.22 BongoSB 70 154 5 12 1741 s 4057.4 6755.5 57 52 Lough oc13297.23 BongoSB 70 154 5 12 1751 s 4057.9 6754.7 58 52 Lough oc13297.24 BongoSB 71 155 5 12 2016 s 4050.4 6747.3 67 63 Lough oc13297.25 BongoSB 71 155 5 12 2031 s 4050.0 6746.3 68 63 Lough oc13297.26 BongoSB 72 155 5 12 2036 s 4049.9 6746.0 65 61 Lough oc13297.27 BongoSB 72 155 5 12 2047 s 4049.6 6745.3 69 61 Lough oc13297.28 BongoSB 73 155 5 12 2116 s 4049.0 6744.0 70 63 Lough oc13297.29 BongoSB 73 155 5 12 2127 s 4048.7 6743.3 67 63 Lough oc13397.1 MOC1 137 155 5 13 216 s 4049.7 6748.2 68 60 Lough oc13397.2 MOC1 137 155 5 13 254 e 4049.6 6746.9 67 60 Lough oc13397.3 MOC1 138 155 5 13 910 s 4048.7 6747.2 69 60 Lough oc13397.4 MOC1 138 155 5 13 1019 e 4046.9 6745.6 67 60 Lough oc13397.5 Pump/CTD 2 155 5 13 1130 s 4048.7 6747.8 70 60 Campb/Inzce Pump 75 oc13397.6 Pump/CTD 2 155 5 13 1343 e 4051.1 6748.0 63 60 Campb/Incze oc13397.7 BongoSB 74 155 5 13 1415 4050.3 6749.5 67 64 Durbin oc13397.8 BongoSB 74 155 5 13 1426 4050.2 6748.7 67 64 Durbin oc13397.9 BongoSB 75 155 5 13 1443 4050.2 6748.2 69 65 Durbin oc13397.10 BongoSB 75 155 5 13 1453 4050.2 6747.9 69 65 Durbin oc13397.11 BongoSB 76 155 5 13 1458 4050.1 6747.5 69 65 Durbin oc13397.12 BongoSB 76 155 5 13 1508 4050 6747.1 69 65 Durbin oc13397.13 ZPN 8 155 5 13 1547 s 4052.1 6749.4 61 40 Campbell growth expe oc13397.14 ZPN 8 155 5 13 1553 e 4052.2 6749.3 61 40 Campbell oc13397.15 ZPN 9 155 5 13 1556 s 4052.3 6749.4 61 50 Runge egg product oc13397.16 ZPN 9 155 5 13 1605 e 4052.3 6749.2 61 50 Runge oc13397.17 MOC1 139 155 5 13 1701 s 4053.0 6748.2 63 60 Lough oc13397.18 MOC1 139 155 5 13 1815 e 4053.1 6744.4 67 60 Lough oc13397.19 SeabrCTD 77 156 5 13 2222 s 4043.5 6744.6 72 68 Manning oc13397.20 SeabrCTD 77 156 5 13 2228 e 4043.4 6744.7 73 68 Manning oc13397.21 SeabrCTD 78 157 5 13 2246 s 4045.5 6746.4 70 66 Manning oc13397.22 SeabrCTD 78 157 5 13 2252 e 4045.5 6746.5 70 66 Manning oc13397.23 SeabrCTD 79 158 5 13 2308 s 4047.7 6748.2 70 66 Manning oc13397.24 SeabrCTD 79 158 5 13 2315 e 4047.6 6748.4 70 66 Manning oc13397.25 SeabrCTD 80 159 5 13 2332 s 4049.7 6749.9 67 64 Manning oc13397.26 SeabrCTD 80 159 5 13 2339 e 4049.8 6750.0 67 64 Manning oc13497.1 SeabrCTD 81 160 5 14 0 s 4051.4 6752.5 65 62 Manning oc13497.2 SeabrCTD 81 160 5 14 7 e 4051.4 6752.7 65 62 Manning oc13497.3 SeabrCTD 82 154 5 14 29 s 4052.8 6754.6 65 62 Manning oc13497.4 SeabrCTD 82 154 5 14 36 e 4052.8 6754.8 65 62 Manning oc13497.5 MOC1 140 154 5 14 56 s 4052.8 6754.9 64 50 Lough oc13497.6 MOC1 140 154 5 14 144 e 4052.8 6754.9 64 50 Lough oc13497.7 MOC1 141 154 5 14 540 s 4055.6 6756.1 58 50 Lough oc13497.8 MOC1 141 154 5 14 615 e 4055.6 6756.1 58 50 Lough oc13497.9 Pump/CTD 3 154 5 14 804 s 4054.4 6754.2 60 60 Incze Pump 76 oc13497.10 Pump/CTD 3 154 5 14 907 e 4053.3 6753.3 62 60 Camp/Incze oc13497.11 Pump/CTD 4 155 5 14 1125 s 4048.0 6748.6 66 60 Camp/Incze Pump 77 oc13497.12 Pump/CTD 4 155 5 14 1231 e 4047.4 6750.1 64 60 Camp/Incze oc13497.13 BongoSB 83 155 5 14 1436 s 4048.6 6752.4 70 65 Durbin oc13497.14 BongoSB 83 155 5 14 1449 e 4048.3 6752.3 70 65 Durbin oc13497.15 BongoSB 84 155 5 14 1457 s 4048.1 6752.3 69 65 Durbin oc13497.16 BongoSB 84 155 5 14 1457 e 4048.1 6752.3 69 65 Durbin oc13497.17 BongoSB 85 155 5 14 1513 s 4047.7 6752.5 69 65 Durbin oc13497.18 BongoSB 85 155 5 14 1525 e 4047.5 6752.5 69 65 Durbin oc13497.19 ZPN 10 155 5 14 1600 s 4050.5 6750.9 66 50 Durbin RNA/DNA ana oc13497.20 ZPN 10 155 5 14 1606 e 4050.5 6750.9 66 50 Durbin oc13497.21 ZPN 11 155 5 14 1613 s 4050.6 6750.9 66 40 Runge egg product oc13497.22 ZPN 11 155 5 14 1619 e 4050.6 6750.9 66 40 Runge oc13497.23 MOC1/4 142 155 5 14 1740 s 4050.7 6750.8 69 60 Lough oc13497.24 MOC1/4 142 155 5 14 1811 e 4049.8 6750.6 69 60 Lough oc13497.25 MOC1 143 155 5 14 1906 s 4052.9 6749.4 66 60 Lough oc13497.26 MOC1 143 155 5 14 2025 e 4050.2 6749.0 67 60 Lough oc13497.27 Pump/CTD 5 155 5 14 2120 s 4050.7 6747.7 68 60 Incze/M Pump 78 oc13497.28 Pump/CTD 5 155 5 14 2221 e 4050.3 6746.8 68 60 Incze/M oc13597.1 MOC1 144 155 5 15 30 s 4048.3 6748.0 70 60 Lough oc13597.2 MOC1 144 155 5 15 126 e 4048.3 6748.0 67 60 Lough oc13597.3 MOC1/4 145 155 5 15 608 s 4052.3 6752.0 62 60 Lough oc13597.4 MOC1/4 145 155 5 15 631 e 4051.6 6752.0 64 60 Lough oc13597.5 MOC1 146 155 5 15 908 s 4050.1 6750.8 68 60 Lough oc13597.6 MOC1 146 155 5 15 1037 e 4047.7 6748.7 68 60 Lough oc13597.7 Drifter 1a 155 5 15 1115 s 4048.5 6751.7 70 33 Manning Recovery oc13597.8 Drifter 4b 155 5 15 1117 s 4048.5 6751.7 70 33 Manning Deployment oc13597.9 Pump/CTD 6 155 5 15 1145 s 4048.3 6751.9 70 60 Incze/Camp Pump 79 oc13597.10 Pump/CTD 6 155 5 15 1320 e 4049.2 6752.6 70 60 Incze/Camp oc13597.11 BongoSB 86 155 5 15 1418 s 4048.2 6753.7 72 68 Durbin oc13597.12 BongoSB 86 155 5 15 1433 e 4048.2 6753.3 72 68 Durbin oc13597.13 BongoSB 87 155 5 15 1437 s 4048.1 6753.1 71 65 Durbin oc13597.14 BongoSB 87 155 5 15 1451 e 4048.0 6752.7 71 65 Durbin oc13597.15 BongoSB 88 155 5 15 1454 s 4048.0 6752.5 69 65 Durbin oc13597.16 BongoSB 88 155 5 15 1510 e 4047.8 6752.0 69 65 Durbin oc13597.17 ZPN 12 155 5 15 1605 s 4049.7 6755.9 65 50 Runge egg product oc13597.18 ZPN 12 155 5 15 1610 e 4049.7 6755.9 65 50 Runge oc13597.19 ZPN 13 155 5 15 1612 s 4049.7 6755.9 65 50 Campbell mesocosm 15 oc13597.20 ZPN 13 155 5 15 1618 e 4049.8 6755.9 65 50 Campbell oc13597.21 ZPN 14 155 5 15 1621 s 4049.9 6755.9 65 50 Campbell mesocosm 10 oc13597.22 ZPN 14 155 5 15 1627 e 4050.1 6755.9 65 50 Campbell oc13597.23 MOC1/4 147 154 5 15 1740 s 4057.2 6759.9 52 40 Lough oc13597.24 MOC1/4 147 154 5 15 1812 e 4056.1 6759.6 52 40 Lough oc13597.25 MOC1 148 154 5 15 1900 s 4058.7 6758.2 57 50 Lough oc13597.26 MOC1 148 154 5 15 2016 e 4057.1 6755.6 58 50 Lough oc13697.1 Drifter 6b 154 5 16 7 s 4050.9 6755.1 61 33 Manning Recovery oc13697.2 Drifter 1b 154 5 16 8 s 4050.9 6755.1 61 33 Manning Deployment oc13697.3 MOC1/4 149 154 5 16 557 s 4052.7 6800.3 53 40 Lough oc13697.4 MOC1/4 149 154 5 16 627 e 4052.7 6759.0 53 40 Lough oc13697.5 SeabrCTD 89 161 5 16 1039 s 4057.6 6804.9 44 40 Manning oc13697.6 SeabrCTD 89 161 5 16 1045 e 4057.3 6804.9 43 40 Manning oc13697.7 SeabrCTD 90 162 5 16 1129 s 4053.6 6800.3 49 45 Manning oc13697.8 SeabrCTD 90 162 5 16 1135 e 4053.4 6800.3 49 45 Manning oc13697.9 SeabrCTD 91 163 5 16 1217 s 4049.4 6755.5 70 66 Manning oc13697.10 SeabrCTD 91 163 5 16 1230 e 4049.3 6755.3 70 66 Manning oc13697.11 SeabrCTD 92 164 5 16 1320 s 4045.1 6750.7 75 70 Manning oc13697.12 SeabrCTD 92 164 5 16 1329 e 4045.0 6750.6 75 70 Manning oc13697.13 SeabrCTD 93 165 5 16 1412 s 4041.0 6746.0 77 71 Manning oc13697.14 SeabrCTD 93 165 5 16 1424 e 4040.8 6745.9 77 71 Manning oc13697.15 Pump/CTD 7 155 5 16 1650 s 4047.2 6759.6 72 60 Incze/Camp Pump 80 oc13697.16 Pump/CTD 7 155 5 16 1826 e 4046.7 6759.0 72 60 Incze/Camp oc13697.17 BongoSB 94 155 5 16 1922 s 4046.1 6759.5 70 65 oc13697.18 BongoSB 94 155 5 16 1933 e 4045.6 6759.3 73 65 oc13697.19 BongoSB 95 155 5 16 1940 s 4045.3 6759.3 76 70 oc13697.20 BongoSB 95 155 5 16 1951 e 4044.9 6759.2 77 70 oc13697.21 BongoSB 96 155 5 16 1957 s 4044.7 6759.2 77 73 oc13697.22 BongoSB 96 155 5 16 2011 e 4044.3 6759.0 77 73 oc13697.23 ZPN 15 155 5 16 2125 s 4048.7 6757.9 69 50 Campbell Growth #6 oc13697.24 ZPN 15 155 5 16 2130 e 4048.7 6757.9 69 50 Campbell oc13797.1 BongoSB 97 166 5 17 531 s 4042.5 6800.2 81 78 Manning oc13797.2 BongoSB 97 166 5 17 536 e 4042.4 6800.2 81 78 Manning oc13797.3 BongoSB 98 167 5 17 549 s 4043.7 6800.2 77 73 Manning oc13797.4 BongoSB 98 167 5 17 553 e 4043.8 6800.2 77 73 Manning oc13797.5 BongoSB 99 168 5 17 609 s 4045.7 6800.2 73 72 Manning oc13797.6 BongoSB 99 168 5 17 616 e 4045.7 6800.1 73 72 Manning oc13797.7 BongoSB 100 169 5 17 631 s 4047.8 6800.3 70 67 Manning oc13797.8 BongoSB 100 169 5 17 638 e 4047.9 6800.3 70 67 Manning oc13797.9 BongoSB 101 170 5 17 655 s 4050.2 6800.5 66 62 Manning oc13797.10 BongoSB 101 170 5 17 702 e 4050.3 6800.4 66 62 Manning oc13797.11 MOC1 150 154 5 17 843 s 4049.3 6802.7 63 60 Lough oc13797.12 MOC1 150 154 5 17 1011 e 4046.2 6802.0 72 60 Lough oc13797.13 Pump/CTD 8 154 5 17 1102 s 4047.7 6801.0 70 60 Incze Pump 81 oc13797.14 Pump/CTD 8 154 5 17 1222 e 4046.9 6759.8 70 60 Incze oc13797.15 Pump/CTD 9 155 5 17 1257 s 4044.8 6801.0 75 50 Incze Pump 82 oc13797.16 Pump/CTD 9 155 5 17 1403 e 4044.6 6800.6 75 50 Incze oc13797.17 BongoSB 102 155 5 17 1440 s 4043.9 6802.5 77 72 oc13797.18 BongoSB 102 155 5 17 1453 e 4043.6 6802.5 77 72 oc13797.19 BongoSB 103 155 5 17 1458 s 4043.4 6802.5 77 73 oc13797.20 BongoSB 103 155 5 17 1511 e 4043.0 6802.5 77 73 oc13797.21 BongoSB 104 155 5 17 1515 s 4042.9 6802.5 78 73 oc13797.22 BongoSB 104 155 5 17 1529 e 4042.5 6802.5 78 73 oc13797.23 ZPN 16 155 5 17 1550 s 4044.1 6803.6 77 70 Runge egg product oc13797.24 ZPN 16 155 5 17 1556 e 4044.3 6803.6 77 70 Runge oc13797.25 ZPN 17 155 5 17 1557 s 4044.3 6803.6 77 70 Campbell growth #7 oc13797.26 ZPN 17 155 5 17 1603 e 4044.5 6803.6 77 70 Campbell oc13797.27 MOC1/4 151 155 5 17 1632 s 4044.6 6803.7 77 70 Lough oc13797.28 MOC1/4 151 155 5 17 1709 e 4044.3 6805.3 75 70 Lough oc13797.29 MOC1 152 155 5 17 1819 s 4046.4 6805.6 67 60 Lough oc13797.30 MOC1 152 155 5 17 1936 e 4045.1 6805.5 72 60 Lough oc13797.31 Pump/CTD 10 155 5 17 2034 s 4047.3 6805.2 65 50 Incze Pump 83 oc13797.32 Pump/CTD 10 155 5 17 2145 e 4047.4 6803.7 65 50 Incze oc13897.1 MOC1 153 155 5 18 237 s 4043.4 6805.3 77 60 Lough oc13897.2 MOC1 153 155 5 18 339 e 4041.4 6806.8 81 60 Lough oc13897.3 Drifter 234a 154 5 18 946 s 4042.1 6803.0 80 13 Manning Recovery oc13897.4 Drifter 200a 155 5 18 1015 s 4040.5 6802.6 85 13 Manning Recovery oc13897.5 BongoSB 105 155 5 18 1101 4040.5 6802.5 85 81 Lough oc13897.6 BongoSB 105 155 5 18 1108 4040.4 6802.5 85 81 Lough oc13897.7 Pump/CTD 11 155 5 18 1215 s 4044.4 6809.6 70 50 Camp/Incze Pump 84 oc13897.8 Pump/CTD 11 155 5 18 1332 e 4042.7 6808.8 72 50 Campbell/Incze oc13897.9 BongoSB 106 155 5 18 1402 4042.5 6810.1 76 71 Lough oc13897.10 BongoSB 106 155 5 18 1418 4042.7 6810.7 76 71 Lough oc13897.11 BongoSB 107 155 5 18 1425 4041.8 6811.0 77 73 Lough oc13897.12 BongoSB 107 155 5 18 1437 4041.4 6811.4 77 73 Lough oc13897.13 BongoSB 108 155 5 18 1442 4041.3 6811.6 78 73 Lough oc13897.14 BongoSB 108 155 5 18 1456 4040.9 6812.1 78 73 Lough oc13897.15 ZPN 18 155 5 18 1515 s 4041.7 6811.2 72 60 Runge/Camp egg product oc13897.16 ZPN 18 155 5 18 1520 e 4041.6 6811.3 72 60 Runge/Camp oc13897.17 Drifter 1b 154 5 18 1550 s 4041.4 6811.4 79 33 Manning Recovery oc13897.18 ZPN 19 171 5 18 1635 s 4036.5 6808.1 95 85 Runge/Camp egg product oc13897.19 ZPN 19 171 5 18 1644 e 4036.5 6808.1 95 85 Runge/Camp oc13897.20 MOC1 154 171 5 18 1707 s 4037.0 6806.9 93 80 Lough oc13897.21 MOC1 154 171 5 18 1851 e 4035.6 6810.4 95 80 Lough oc13897.22 Pump/CTD 12 171 5 18 1941 s 4036.7 6807.7 93 50 Camp/Incze Pump 85 oc13897.23 Pump/CTD 12 171 5 18 2120 e 4037.3 6806.2 91 50 Campbell/Incze oc13897.24 Seabird 109 172 5 18 2304 4031.2 6816.7 97 95 Lough oc13897.25 Seabird 109 172 5 18 2313 4031.1 6816.4 97 95 Lough oc13997.1 Seabird 110 173 5 19 32 4038.2 6819.8 78 73 Lough oc13997.2 Seabird 110 173 5 19 40 4038.2 6819.7 78 73 Lough oc13997.3 Seabird 111 174 5 19 103 4040.7 6821.7 67 65 Lough oc13997.4 Seabird 111 174 5 19 111 4040.5 6821.7 67 65 Lough oc13997.5 Seabird 112 175 5 19 141 4042.8 6823.6 59 58 Lough oc13997.6 Seabird 112 175 5 19 149 4042.7 6823.6 59 58 Lough oc13997.7 Seabird 113 176 5 19 219 4046 6825.1 54 50 Lough oc13997.8 Seabird 113 176 5 19 226 4045.9 6825.1 54 50 Lough oc13997.9 Seabird 114 177 5 19 316 4052.5 6830.0 42 39 Lough oc13997.10 Seabird 114 177 5 19 322 4052.6 6830.2 42 39 Lough oc13997.11 MOC1 155 178 5 19 500 s 4050.2 6816.8 50 40 Lough oc13997.12 MOC1 155 178 5 19 547 e 4050.0 6816.8 49 40 Lough oc13997.13 Pump/CTD 13 178 5 19 1000 s 4050.5 6817.0 48 43 Camp/Incze Pump 86 oc13997.14 Pump/CTD 13 178 5 19 1114 e 4051.4 6815.0 54 43 Camp/Incze oc13997.15 ZPN 20 178 5 19 1132 s 4051.4 6814.5 49 40 Runge/Camp egg product oc13997.16 ZPN 20 178 5 19 1136 e 4051.4 6814.5 49 40 Runge/Camp oc13997.17 Seabird 115 179 5 19 1430 4040.4 6821.8 70 66 Lough oc13997.18 Seabird 115 179 5 19 1439 4040.4 6821.7 70 66 Lough oc13997.19 Seabird 116 180 5 19 1531 4044.6 6826.0 55 52 Lough oc13997.20 Seabird 116 180 5 19 1539 4044.6 6826.1 55 52 Lough oc13997.21 Drifter 6c 180 5 19 1542 s 4044.6 6826.1 55 33 Manning Deployment oc13997.22 Drifter 234b180 5 19 1545 s 4044.6 6826.1 55 13 Manning Deployment oc13997.23 Drifter 1c 181 5 19 1628 s 4040.4 6822.0 70 33 Manning Deployment oc13997.24 Drifter 200b181 5 19 1631 s 4040.4 6822.0 70 13 Manning Deployment oc13997.25 Pump/CTD 14 181 5 19 1700 e 4040.5 6822.2 70 60 Camp/Incze oc13997.26 Pump/CTD 14 181 5 19 1700 s 4040.5 6822.2 70 60 Camp/In Pump 87 oc13997.27 ZPN 21 181 5 19 1901 s 4040.6 6821.9 68 50 Campbell Pete'sMess oc13997.28 ZPN 21 181 5 19 1906 e 4040.6 6821.9 68 50 Campbell oc13997.29 MOC1 156 181 5 19 1939 s 4041.1 6821.6 68 60 Lough trouble oc13997.30 MOC1 156 181 5 19 2111 e 4039.4 6822.5 72 60 Lough oc13997.31 MOC1 157 180 5 19 2330 s 4045.0 6826.0 58 50 Lough oc14097.1 MOC1 157 180 5 20 59 e 4043.6 6823.1 60 50 Lough oc14097.2 Pump/CTD 15 180 5 20 207 s 4044.4 6825.8 50 40 Camp/Incze Pump 88 oc14097.3 Pump/CTD 15 180 5 20 316 e 4043.5 6826.1 50 40 Camp/Incze oc14097.4 Pump/CTD 16 182 5 20 446 s 4048.5 6828.4 60 50 Incze Pump 89 oc14097.5 MOC1 158 182 5 20 637 s 4050.2 6828.2 45 50 Lough oc14097.6 MOC1 158 182 5 20 733 e 4049.8 6828.8 61 50 Lough oc14097.7 MOC1 159 180 5 20 1027 s 4045.4 6825.3 55 50 Lough oc14097.8 Pump/CTD 16 182 5 20 1101 e 4049.3 6829.3 54 50 Incze oc14097.9 MOC1 159 180 5 20 1159 e 4042.8 6826.1 60 50 Lough oc14097.10 Pump/CTD 17 180 5 20 1252 s 4044.5 6825.5 60 50 Incze Pump 90 oc14097.11 Pump/CTD 17 180 5 20 1342 e 4043.8 6824.6 61 50 Incze oc14097.12 Pump/CTD 18 181 5 20 1446 s 4040.2 6821.8 65 50 Incze Pump 91 oc14097.13 Pump/CTD 18 181 5 20 1536 e 4039.5 6822.0 68 50 Incze oc14097.14 ZPN 22 181 5 20 1554 s 4039.2 6822.1 73 55 Runge Egg Product oc14097.15 ZPN 22 181 5 20 1600 e 4039.2 6822.2 73 55 Runge oc14097.16 ZPN 23 181 5 20 1603 s 4039.1 6822.2 73 55 Campbell oc14097.17 ZPN 23 181 5 20 1608 e 4039.1 6822.2 73 55 Campbell oc14097.18 MOC1 160 181 5 20 1712 s 4041.7 6821.5 67 60 Lough oc14097.19 MOC1 160 181 5 20 1840 e 4040.2 6824.8 67 60 Lough oc14097.20 MOC1 161 183 5 20 2159 s 4035.7 6820.4 87 80 Lough oc14097.21 MOC1 161 183 5 20 2349 e 4032.6 6818.3 97 80 Lough oc14197.1 Pump/CTD 19 183 5 21 39 s 4034.9 6819.9 85 55 Incze Pump 92 oc14197.2 Pump/CTD 19 183 5 21 126 e 4034.6 6818.9 87 55 Incze oc14197.3 Seabird 117 184 5 21 248 4034.7 6830.1 75 70 Lough oc14197.4 Seabird 117 184 5 21 258 4034.5 6830.2 75 70 Lough oc14197.5 Seabird 118 185 5 21 357 4040.3 6834.6 59 55 Lough oc14197.6 Seabird 118 185 5 21 406 4040.1 6834.6 59 55 Lough oc14197.7 Seabird 119 186 5 21 426 4038.4 6834.0 60 56 Lough oc14197.8 Seabird 119 186 5 21 433 4038.2 6834.1 60 56 Lough oc14197.9 Seabird 120 187 5 21 443 4037.4 6833.8 65 60 Lough oc14197.10 Seabird 120 187 5 21 450 4037.3 6833.9 65 60 Lough oc14197.11 MOC1 162 183 5 21 908 s 4035.2 6820.2 89 80 Lough oc14197.12 MOC1 162 183 5 21 1058 e 4032.5 6820.8 96 80 Lough oc14197.13 Pump/CTD 20 183 5 21 1210 s 4034.8 6819.8 90 65 Incze Pump 93 oc14197.14 Pump/CTD 20 183 5 21 1210 e 4034.8 6819.8 90 65 Incze oc14197.15 ZPN 24 183 5 21 1320 s 4035.0 6819.9 93 65 Runge Egg Product oc14197.16 ZPN 24 183 5 21 1326 e 4034.8 6819.9 93 65 Runge oc14197.17 ZPN 25 183 5 21 1333 s 4034.6 6819.8 93 50 Campbell Pteropods oc14197.18 ZPN 25 183 5 21 1340 e 4034.4 6819.7 93 50 Campbell oc14197.19 BongoSB 121 183 5 21 1402 4033.7 6819.3 94 91 Lough oc14197.20 BongoSB 121 183 5 21 1420 4033.1 6819.8 94 91 Lough oc14197.21 BongoSB 122 180 5 21 1548 4044.5 6826.2 60 56 Lough oc14197.22 BongoSB 122 180 5 21 1606 4043.8 6826.8 60 56 Lough oc14197.23 BongoSB 123 180 5 21 1616 4043.5 6827.1 58 53 Lough oc14197.24 BongoSB 123 180 5 21 1623 4043.2 6827.4 60 53 Lough oc14197.25 ZPN 26 180 5 21 1643 s 4044.7 6826.3 58 50 Campbell RNA/DNA CN oc14197.26 ZPN 26 180 5 21 1649 e 4044.6 6826.2 58 50 Campbell oc14197.27 Pump/CTD 21 180 5 21 1703 s 4044.4 6826.3 52 52 Incze Pump 94 oc14197.28 Pump/CTD 21 180 5 21 1748 e 4044.1 6826.5 52 52 Incze oc14197.29 MOC1 163 180 5 21 1934 s 4045.2 6824.2 56 40 Lough oc14197.30 MOC1 163 180 5 21 2055 e 4046.1 6827.9 59 40 Lough oc14297.1 Pump/CTD 22 182 5 22 12 s 4048.5 6828.5 60 50 Incze Pump 95 oc14197.2 Pump/CTD 22 182 5 21 52 e 4048.0 6826.8 60 50 Incze oc14297.3 MOC1 164 182 5 22 124 s 4048.0 6828.2 55 40 Lough oc14297.4 MOC1 164 182 5 22 214 e 4044.9 6827.7 54 40 Lough oc14297.5 Drifter 6c 180 5 22 515 e 4042.2 6829.5 60 33 Manning Recovery oc14297.6 Drifter 4b 155 5 22 700 e 4031.7 6838.3 75 33 Manning Recovery oc14297.7 Drifter 1c 181 5 22 740 e 4031.6 6845.6 71 33 Manning Recovery oc14297.8 Drifter 234b 180 5 22 823 e 4037.2 6842.7 60 13 Manning Recovery oc14297.9 Drifter 200b 181 5 22 924 e 4031.3 6849.3 71 13 Manning Recovery oc14297.10 Seabird 124 188 5 22 1303 s 4051.1 6848.5 67 64 Lough oc14297.11 Seabird 124 188 5 22 1314 e 4051.0 6848.2 67 64 Lough oc14297.12 Seabird 125 189 5 22 1335 s 4051.3 6844.6 67 63 Lough oc14297.13 Seabird 125 189 5 22 1344 e 4051.1 6844.3 67 63 Lough oc14297.14 Seabird 126 190 5 22 1406 s 4051.6 6839.7 60 57 Lough oc14297.15 Seabird 126 190 5 22 1415 e 4051.4 6839.4 60 57 Lough oc14297.16 Seabird 127 191 5 22 1452 s 4051.9 6835.1 56 54 Lough oc14297.17 Seabird 127 191 5 22 1500 e 4051.6 6834.9 56 54 Lough oc14297.18 Seabird 128 192 5 22 1522 s 4051.9 6830.4 52 51 Lough oc14297.19 Seabird 128 192 5 22 1530 e 4051.6 6830.2 52 51 Lough oc14297.20 Seabird 129 193 5 22 1555 s 4048.5 6834.1 57 54 Lough oc14297.21 Seabird 129 193 5 22 1600 e 4048.2 6834.1 56 54 Lough oc14297.22 Seabird 130 194 5 22 1620 s 4045.3 6837.4 57 54 Lough oc14297.23 Seabird 130 194 5 22 1624 e 4045.1 6837.5 59 54 Lough oc14297.24 Seabird 131 195 5 22 1646 s 4042.1 6840.4 64 61 Lough oc14297.25 Seabird 131 195 5 22 1651 e 4041.8 6840.5 64 61 Lough oc14297.26 Seabird 132 196 5 22 1753 s 4033.3 6849.0 66 64 Lough oc14297.27 Seabird 132 196 5 22 1757 e 4033.3 6849.0 66 64 Lough oc14297.28 ZPN 27 196 5 22 1805 s 4033.3 6849.0 69 60 Campbell Live Animals oc14297.29 ZPN 27 196 5 22 1811 e 4033.3 6849.0 69 60 Campbell
Dr. R. Gregory Lough, NOAA, Ch. Scientist
Mr. James P. Manning, NOAA
Ms. Elizabeth A. Broughton, NOAA
Ms. Marie E. Kiladis, NOAA
Ms. Nancy J. McHugh, NOAA
Ms. Elaine M. Caldarone, NOAA
Ms. Jeanne M. Burns, NOAA
Mr. Michael S. Morss, University of Rhode Island
Dr. Robert G. Campbell, University of Rhode Island
Mr. Peter Garrahan, University of Rhode Island
Ms. Milissa Wagner, University of Rhode Island
Mr. Pierre Joly, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne
Ms. Luciene Chenard, Institut Maurice-Lamontagne
Dr. Lewis S. Incze, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Science
Ms. Elizabeth Novak, Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Science
Ms. Kate L. Pickle, Maine Maritime Academy
Ms. Laura J. Sharpe, Maine Maritime Academy
Mr. Clifford Heil, Maine Maritime Academy
Figures 30-35 depict the geographic location of each haul or cast. Figure 30, for example, shows the position of each zooplankton net tow. The remaining figures give positions for Seabird 911 cast , 1/4-m2 MOCNESS hauls, 1-m2 MOCNESS hauls, Bongo hauls conducted subsequent to the grid surveys, and and the extra Seabird 19 cast.
Figure 1. OC303 Cruise track.
Figure 2. Four phases of cruise track/operations including intial bongo survey (6-8 May), fine-scale bongo survey (9-11 May), drifter following at stations 154 & 155 (12-17 May), and excursions in the vicinity of the mooring line (18-22 May).
Figure 3. Summary of drifter tracks during OC303: cluster 1. The three drifters (33m drogues) were deployed across bank and converged to be along-bank.
Figure 4. Summary of drifter tracks during OC303: cluster 2. Four drifters, two on either side of the tidal front, converged towards the front. The shallow (13m) pair moved quickly towards the southwest.
Figure 5. Summary of drifter tracks during OC303: cluster 3. Four drifters (similar to cluster 2) were deployed. The deeper (33m) on the onbank side of the tidal front was retained while the others moved quickly towards the southwest and met with drifter 4b.
Figure 6. Raw salinity record from OCEANUS SAIL system. Note the frequent dropouts.
Figure 7. Raw data from hull mounted thermistors. Air temperature is the lower line with scale on the left and seasurface temp is the upper line with scale on the right axis.
Figure 8. Barometric pressure and short wave radiation.
Figure 9. Wind as observed at nearby NOAA buoy 44011.
Figure 10. Station numbers for fine-scale bongo grid.
Figure 11. Surface (top) and bottom (bottom) temperature from Seabird model 19 on the fine scale bongo grid.
Figure 12. Surface (top) and bottom (bottom) temperature anomaly from Seabird model 19 on the fine scale bongo grid.
Figure 13. Surface (top) and bottom (bottom) salinity from Seabird model 19 on the fine scale bongo grid.
Figure 14. Surface (top) and bottom (bottom) salinity anomaly from Seabird model 19 on the fine scale bongo grid.
Figure 15. Temperature cross-sections during the fine-scale bongo grid.
Figure 16. Salinity cross-sections during the fine-scale bongo grid.
Figure 17. Detail cross-section #2 during the fine-scale bongo grid including temperature, salinity, and sigma-t (sta 104-111).
Figure 18. Temperature and salinity profiles for individual SEABIRD Model 911 cast.
Figure 19. Fluoresence and transmisometer profiles for individual SEABIRD Model 911 cast.
Figure 20. Time series of water column structure observed at drifting site 155 including wind and air temp (from NOAA buoy 11), temperature and sigmat contours from 8 CTD casts, and index of stratification.
Figure 21. Satellite seasurface temperature image for 11 May 1997 showing a) the cruise track of fine-scale grid and b) bands of remnant Scotian Shelf-like water (2-4 C). The large feature off-bank is a Gulf Stream Ring.
Figure 22. A series of three satellite images 8-24 May showing the evolution of the Gulf Stream Ring activity on the off-bank edge of the study area.
Figure 23. Unstandardized bongo net hauls (No./Haul). Note the circle size is linearly dependent on the relative catch and those with zero catch are denoted with x's. These are the sum of the two nets 0.333 and 0.505mm.
Figure 24. Hydranths/m3 from bongo net hauls. Note the circle size is logarithymically dependent on the relative catch and those with zero catch are denoted with x's. Data was supplied by Barabara Sullivan and Jason Williams of URI.
Figure 25. Vertical distribution of cod and haddock larvae and temperature profile from station 155, off-shore of the tidal front, 1-m2 MOCNESS 143: 14 May 1997, 1906-2025 h DST, 67-m bottom depth.
Figure 26. Vertical distribution of cod and haddock larvae and temperature profile from station 154, on-shore of the tidal front, 1-m2 MOCNESS 150: 17 May 1997, 0843-1011 h DST, 63-72-m bottom depth.
Figure 27. Length frequencies of cod and haddock from station 155, off-shore of the tidal front, and station 154. on-shore of the tidal front.
Figure 28. Chlorophyll a vertical profiles during the time series (13-18 May) at the drifter station 155.
Figure 29. Map of zooplankton net tow locations.
Figure 30. Map of Seabird 911 cast locations.
Figure 31. Map of 1/4-m2 MOCNESS haul locations.
Figure 32. Map of 1-m2 MOCNESS haul locations.
Figure 33. Map of Bongo haul locations (conducted subsequent to the grid surveys).
Figure 34. Map of the extra Seabird 19 cast locations.
