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REPORT ON C.S.S. Parizeau CRUISE 96-024

 23-30 September, 1996

by

Peter C. Smith

Ocean Sciences Division

Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia

CANADA

October, 1996

 

BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY CRUISE REPORT Parizeau 96-024

 

Local Cruise Designation:                                  96-024

 

Vessel:                                                             C.S.S. Parizeau

 

Dates:                                                               23-30 September, 1996

 

Area:                                                                Southwest Nova Scotia/Georges Bank

 

Responsible Agency:                                         Ocean Sciences Division

                                                                        Scotia-Fundy Region, DFO

 

Ship's Master:                                                   Capt. W. English

 

Scientific Personnel:

 

P.C.Smith                                                         Ocean Sciences

M. Scotney                                                      Ocean Sciences

R. Boyce                                                          Ocean Sciences

D. Gregory                                                       Ocean Sciences

B. Nickerson                                                    Ocean Sciences

A. Doiron                                                         Ocean Sciences

J. Chaffey                                                         Harding Scientific

Y. Shen                                                            Dalhousie U.

 

1. PURPOSE

 

The scientific objectives of this cruise were:

 

1)                long term monitoring of the major inflows to the Gulf of Maine, namely the surface inflow from the Scotian Shelf off Cape Sable and the deep inflow of slope water through Northeast Channel,

2)                determining the seasonal hydrographic properties along the eastern boundary of the Gulf of Maine, and

3)                measuring the hydrographic structure over Truxton Swell and in Jordan Basin (if possible) in order to determine the extent of slope water penetration into Jordan Basin.

 

The activities planned for the cruise period include:

 

1)                replacement of moorings in Northeast Channel       (NECE,NECW), recovery of moorings off Cape Sable (C2), and placement of new moorings on eastern Georges Bank on the southeast flank (SEF) plus two guard buoys at NEP,

2)                performance of a CTD survey along the eastern boundary of the Gulf of Maine,

                    including Browns Bank, Northeast Channel, Georges Basin and Truxton Swell and along the Halifax Section, and

3)                performance of repeated ADCP transects across Northeast Channel over at least one tidal cycle.

 

2. NATURE OF DATA GATHERED

During this cruise, a total of four complete current meter moorings and four guard buoys were recovered at two sites in the Gulf of Maine (C2, NECE; see Figure 1a and Table 1a). The bottom portions of two more current meter moorings (#1207,#1208) at site NECW were also recovered; the float and top instruments on #1207 had been recovered earlier by the navy, and the float and top instrument on #1208 are lost.  One guard buoy was also missing from NECW; it had been recovered by the US Coast Guard at Woods Hole.  One guard buoy was also missing from NECE and all three were missing from C2.

 

In addition, a total of 47 CTD stations (Fig.1b, Table 2) were occupied along:

                   1)                a section from the 50 m isobath off Cape Sable to the outer edge of Browns Bank (Fig.3),

                   2)                a section across Northeast Channel from Browns to Georges Bank (Fig.4),

                   3)                a section across the western flank of Browns Bank (Fig.5),

                   4)                a section following the 200 m isobath on the eastern side of the Channel, from the mouth to Georges Basin (Fig.6),

                   5)                a section across the outer Scotian Shelf off Shelburne (Fig.7),

                   6)                the Halifax Section (Fig.8), and

                   7)                at each mooring site.

 

The quality of the CTD temperature and salinity measurements is quite acceptable (Table 2a), especially considering the relatively high variability of the standards used. The YSI dissolved oxygen sensor showed a large offset with respect to the titrated values from near-bottom samples (Table 2a; Fig.2a), but stable calibrations were obtained by linear regression of sensor vs. titrated values (Table 2b).  The YSI sensor exhibited occasional noise, spikes, and hysteresis between the up- and downtraces.  In addition, roughly 200 oxygen isotope samples were collected throughout the water column at even numbered stations (Fig.1b) for Dr. Robert Houghton of Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory.  Nutrient samples were collected throughout the water column as well at the even-numbered stations.

 

Twelve repeated ADCP transects (Table 3) were run over the duration of the cruise along the mooring/CTD line in Northeast Channel (Fig.1b) in order to monitor the inflow/outflow over an M2 tidal cycle.  A total of ~32 hrs was devoted to straight-run transects, with an additional 40 hrs spent on the CTD and mooring lines.  Only processed (averaged) data were collected over the entire cruise  and stored as 5-min averaged data files.  At the start of the cruise, a test of the ADCP transducer alignment error and amplification factor showed that these values were acceptable (Table 3a.) .

 

 

3. PROGRAM SUMMARY

 

Date               From(UTC)      To(UTC)                       Operation

 

23 Sept.              1000             0617(24)          Depart BIO for C2 site; CTD0

24 Sept.              0617             1701                CTD 1-12 on Sect.Ia

                           1701             2216                CTD12-18 on Sect.Ib

                           2234             0513(25)          Repeated ADCP transects across NEC

25 Sept.              1010             2015                Mooring operations at SEF, CTD19-21

                           2100             0910(27)          Repeated ADCP transects across NEC,                                                                          CTD22-23

27 Sept.              0928             1702                Mooring operations at NECE, CTD24

                           1826             0108(28)          Recovery operations at NECW, CTD25

28 Sept.              0329             0707                CTD26-29 on Sect V

                           0900             1603                Mooring operations at NECW, CTD30

                           2110             2206                Mooring operations at C2, CTD31

29 Sept.              0118             0025(30)          CTD32-41 on Sects.II,V, VI

30 Sept.              0945             2118                CTD42-47 on Halifax Sect.

                                                2300                Arrive BIO

 

 

 

4. MOORING OPERATIONS

 

The recovery of four instrument moorings at two sites (C2 and NECE; Table 1a, Appendix B) was completed without incident.  Using differential GPS positioning with AGCNAV and transponding with the release, it was possible to locate and retrieve all of the moorings quickly.  One partial mooring (#1207 at NECWA), consisting of just backup buoyancy (BUB) and the release, was also recovered routinely.  The upper portion of the mooring had been retrieved by HMCS Nipigon in June.  The wire lead above the BUB appears to have been hit with something sharp and gouged.  The deep mooring at site NECW (#1208) was contacted and released, but did not come to the surface.  A subsequent survey revealed that the release was upright and SE of its original position by 0.5nm.  Two attempts to drag the mooring on the evening of 27 Sept. failed, but a third attempt the following morning was successful.  The partial mooring (Fairey float  and upper RCM were missing) was badly tangled in longline trawl netting which, along with the tide gauge lanyard, held the mooring to the anchor.  Record dumps of the instruments indicate that the mooring had been hit only recently (mid-Sept.).  Otherwise, all the returning moorings were in excellent shape.  There were major(minor) amounts of hairy growth on the instruments at the 20m(50m) levels, but the conductivity cells and rotors were clean.  The “killing tubes” on the SEACATs seemed to work well, and painting the entire RCM case with antifoulant kept the growth away from the rotor and conductivity cell.  There were no obvious instrument malfunctions; each had the expected number of words in memory.

 

Of the original nine guard buoys, one was missing from each of the NECW and NECE sites, and none of the three was found at C2.  Fisheries Patrol vessel reports suggest the at least two of the C2 buoys have recently parted, perhaps due to hurricane Hortense  Those buoys that returned showed the normal signs of wear after a 10-month deployment.  The bushings on the shackle pins connecting to the hoop under the buoy provided good protection, but the pin which had no bushing showed only about 3/16” on the ring.  This is attributed to the new thicker stock used for the hoops. The recovery operation itself was hampered by the tangling of the bottom chain on the moorings.  The resulting large clump at the base of these moorings had to be lifted separately with the crane.  Also, on those moorings which didn't tangle, it was found that the 1 1/2" chain at the very bottom would not pass through the block in the A-frame and had to be lifted separately.   Finally, it was noted that the “S” buoy at NECW was being drawn completely underwater by the spring tidal currents prior to recovery.  The mooring dynamics should be reevaluated with the new heavier ballast and with realistic maximum currents.

 

Unfortunately, the guard buoy recoveries do not provide much of a test of the new designs placed in November, 1995 (see Cruise Report, Parizeau 95-034).  Originally, one each of three designs (normal rings, connecting links, and rope bottom) was placed at each of the mooring sites.  Mooring ”L”(rope) at NECW was reported missing early and replaced in January by a normal design, “S”.  Thus the results may be summarized as:

 

 

 

                   Site           Buoy    Type                            Fate

 

                   C2                        J           normal                          lost

                                    K         connecting link    “

                                    Q         rope                               “

                   NECE       P          normal                          recovered (off position by 0.5nm)

                                    R          connecting link  recovered

                                    N         rope                             lost

                   NECW     M         normal                            “

                                    O         connecting link  recovered

                                    L          rope                             lost (replaced by S)

                                    S          normal                          recovered        

 

One conclusion is not to use the rope-bottomed mooring design, since all of these buoys parted for one reason or another.  The pins in two connecting links were found to be loose, due to corrosion of the spring, and may have failed shortly, but two of the normal design buoys (M,J) were also lost.  More tests are required, and a means of  minimizing the corrosion on the connecting links is required for long term deployments.

 

The placement of the new moorings (Table 1, Appendix A) was relatively straightforward. Using the DGPS positions from previous deployments, it was possible to relocate the moorings in those precise locations with the help of AGCNAV.  The sound speed correction for the ELAC sounder on the bridge was: 

                   true depth = .97533*sounding + 5m (keel depth).

The only mishap during deployment was the accidental snagging of an outgoing guard buoy chain mooring line on a clete next to the rail.

 

Problems/Recommendations:

(1)               Alert fisheries patrol vessels to look and listen for signs of the missing Fairey float and RCM from mooring #1208.

(2)               Maintain present practice for prevention of fouling, i.e. paint entire RCM case and use “killing tubes” with the SEACATs.

(3)               Re-evaluate the guard buoy design with heavier ballast and realistic current maxima.

(4)               Reject rope-bottomed guard buoy mooring design.

 

 

5. HYDROGRAPHIC MEASUREMENTS

Hydrographic and chemical measurements were made at a total of 47 stations (Table 2) using a Seabird 9/11 Plus system, equipped with a SBE 23Y Yellow Springs Instruments (YSI) dissolved oxygen sensor.  The data were logged on a 33 Mhz 486 PC and post-processed between stations using SEABIRD's software.  Once processed, the data were transferred to the VAX over the network for final tape backup to EXABYTE.  

 

Water column sampling was accomplished with a General Oceanics 12-bottle rosette. Duplicate nutrient and oxygen isotope samples were drawn at roughly standard depths on the even numbered stations only.  In addition, two calibration bottles were tripped at the bottom of each cast for temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen (see below).

 

5a. Processing

 

The processing and data transfer to the VAX was initiated by a single command at the end of the station.  This command, called PROCESS, starts a batch job that sequentially passes the data through a number of programs. Most were from SEABIRD's SEASOFT package.  A few were custom written at BIO.  The following is a summary of the processing procedure:

 

(1)               Convert raw frequency data to binary pressure, temperature and conductivity using SEABIRD's DATCNV program.

(2)               Split the file into the up and down traces using SEABIRD's SPLIT program.

(3)               Check downcast for and mark any 'wild' data points with SEABIRD's WILDEDIT program.

(4)               Filter downcast conductivity and temperature using SEABIRD's FILTER program. This is a low pass filter and we used a time constant of 0.045 seconds for conductivity and 0.15 seconds for temperature.

(5)               Mark downcast scans where the CTD is moving less than the minimum velocity of 0.10 m/s using SEABIRD's LOOPEDIT program.

(6)               Align downcast pressure, temperature and conductivity using SEABIRD's ALIGNCTD program by advancing the conductivity signal by 0.01 sec.

(7)               Apply the thermal mass correction for the conductivity cell using SEABIRD's CELLTM program.

(8)               Compute dissolved oxygen in ml/l using SEABIRD's DERIVE program.

(9)               Create WOCE 2-dbar dataset using OSD program PRO-WOCE.

(10)             Bin average downcast data to 1.0-dbar intervals using SEABIRD's BINAVG program.

(11)             Compute downcast salinity, potential density(sq), potential temperature(q), and depth using SEABIRD's DERIVE program.

(12)             Convert the down cast from binary to ASCII using SEABIRD's TRANS program.

(13)             Convert downcast to ODF format using PCS program SEAODF.

(14)             Create IGOSS message using PCS program ODF_IGOS.

(15)             Prepare batch and command files to transfer the data to the VAX and create the input for SEABIRD's ROSSUM program using our customized MAKEFILE program.

(16)             Check for bottles, then use ROSSUM to create the rosette summary file.

(17)             Convert the resulting .BTL file to a format suitable for ingestion into Quattro PRO (.QAT file) using our customized QPROBTL program.

(18)             Create the calibration file of merged up- and down-cast data using OSD program CALIB.

(19)             Perform the FTP transfer of the raw binary and processed data to the VAX using OSD program CTD.XFER.

(20)             Copy Quattro, downcast, and ODF files to appropriate directories and clean up.

 

Plots and status info displayed by the SEASAVE program during the acquisition are discarded when the program terminates.  The post-processing plotting was not included in the batch job because SEABIRD's SEAPLOT program requires interactive operator attention.  Plots produced after each station include T, S, O2, and sq  vs. pressure and T vs. S.

 

5b.  Calibration

 

At the base of each CTD cast two rosette bottles were tripped, one of which carried a pair of digital thermometers (T878,T881). Salinity samples were drawn from each of the two bottles and analyzed onboard with an Guildline AutoSal salinometer.  The comparison of these standards against the SeaBird CTD (Table 2a below) shows that, after the removal of several obvious outliers, the offset in temperature is negligible, but that for salinity is significantly different from zero. Nevertheless, the standard deviations about the offsets are small and could be easily be explained by the differences in the “replicate” standards (the two salinity standards are not true replicates since they come from different bottles, tripped sequentially), so the calibrations for both T and S are considered generally acceptable.

 

The performance of the YSI O2 sensor was similar to that on previous cruises.  The surface values on the downtrace were often not fully equilibrated, there was usually a large hysteresis between the down- and uptraces in the vicinity of the pycnocline, and there were occasional spikes from the electronics. The dissolved oxygen samples collected from calibration bottles were analyzed on board with the automated titration unit borrowed from Marine Chemistry. These “replicates” agreed to within a standard deviation of 0.05 ml/l (Table 2a).  Comparisons between the YSI measurements and bottle samples revealed a significant offset between the sensor and titrated values (Table 2a). However, after removal of significant outliers (based on replicate statistics), a linear regression analysis of titrated on sensor values at the bottom provides an effective calibration (Table 2b; Fig.2a) with high correlation and low standard error (±0.12 ml/l).

 

Problems/Recommendations:

(1)               Digital thermometers should be calibrated more frequently to reduce the differences in replicate samples.

(2)               True replicate salinity and O2 samples should be drawn in future to remove the ambiguity involved in assessing the calibration standards.

 

5c.  Sections

 

CTD sections Ia,b, II, V, VI, and the Halifax Section (Figs. 3-8) depict hydrographic conditions, 1) along the eastern boundary of the Gulf of Maine, 2) across the sill in Northeast Channel, 3) down the western flank of Browns Bank, 4) along the 200 m isobath on the eastern side of the Channel, 5) across the outer Scotian Shelf off Shelburne, and 6) across the entire Scotian Shelf off Halifax, respectively.  Section Ia (Fig.3) shows a strong seasonal pycnocline at mid-shelf (CTD6-10) with weaker, but still significant stratification, both inshore and along the outer edge of Browns Bank.  At the inshore stations (CTD1,2), the surface salinities are quite low (~30) and rise in the offshore direction.  The oxygen concentrations are also low there, but quite uniform elsewhere in the range of 5.0-6.0ml/l.  At the outermost stations (CTD11,12), the pycnocline is disrupted by some mixing process and the presence of slope water is evident along the edge of Northeast Channel.  The cold intermediate water (<4oC)  also disappears over the outer shelf.

 

The distribution of deep water properties on Section Ib (Fig.4) is counter-intuitive, with slope water characteristics (T>10oC, S>35, O2<4 ml/l)  appearing on the western side of the Channel (CTD15-16) at depths of 100-200m.  On the eastern side, the properties are dominated by colder intermediate water centred at 60-80m, and interleaving between the two water masses may be seen in the T-S trace for CTD15.  This juxtaposition may be indicative of the strongly time-dependent behaviour noted in these fields in previous surveys (see Cruise Report, Parizeau 95-034).  The surface layer is again isolated by a strong pycnocline which extends onto both banks.  Surface waters on the eastern side seem to be somewhat fresher and warmer than on the west.

 

The two shallower stations on Section II (Fig.5) show properties similar to those found on the outer edge of Browns Bank (Section Ia), whereas the deeper stations show diluted slope water such as that in western Northeast Channel.  The salinity maximum occurs at CTD34, near the 200 m isobath.  There is also a rather sharp near-surface salinity gradient between CTD33 and 34, with levels roughly 0.5 higher than on the Scotian Shelf on in the Channel.  The sloping isopycnals in this area also suggest vertical shear.

 

The properties along Section V (Fig.6), from the mouth of Northeast Channel to Georges Basin along the eastern 200m isobath, are quite variable, showing pockets of slope and cold intermediate waters at various locations and depths.  This is undoubtedly due, in part, to aliasing by the temporal variability in the Channel.  About all that can be said is that the layer slope water in the Channel, delimited by the S=34 or 34.5 contour, becomes thinner as it penetrates into the Gulf.  However, CTD29 shows the maximum salinities on the section. 

 

Section VI (Fig.7) shows that the properties near the Scotian Shelf break off Shelburne are similar to those on outer Browns Bank and the eastern side of Northeast Channel. The near-surface temperatures are all in the range of 13-15oC but only the salinities at CTD39 are as low as those at those at CTD11-14.  On either side of CTD39 the near-surface salinities rise, especially to the offshore.  The three inshore stations also show a pronounced cold intermediate layer which is severely eroded offshore.  This suggests that the flow along the shelf break provides continuity between these two regions.  Near the bottom, a thin wedge of slope water appears to protrude up onto the shelf, but its extent is limited.  The dissolved oxygen field is relatively featureless.

 

The Halifax Section data (Fig.8) reveal a sharp discontinuity between the inshore waters (CTD46-47) and those on the mid- to outer-shelf.  Inshore, a very fresh surface layer (S<30) overlies a very cold intermediate layer (T=2-4oC), whereas surface salinities and temperature minima are in excess of 32 and 5oC, respectively, over the rest of the shelf.  The deepest water in Emerald Basin (CTD45) has temperatures near 10oC and salinities near 35, whereas offshore the slope water maxima are roughly 12oC and 35.2.  A distinct cold intermediate layer persists from the mid-shelf into the slope water with 5<T<8oC and 33<S<34.

 

6. ADCP TRANSECTS

 

The RDI ADCP was run continuously over the cruise in the bottom track mode.  The velocity measurements were made in 100 4-m bins below the transducer depth (4.9 m).  In the standard acquisition mode, 10-ping ensembles were averaged over 5 minutes to create processed profiles of velocity, beam intensity, etc.  The RDI system appeared to work well over the cruise.

 

Twelve primary transects (Table 3) formed the repeated ADCP section across the Channel, including CTD Sections Ib and the transits during mooring operations.  On these transects, only the averaged processed data were collected.  A total of 32 hrs was devoted to straight-run transects, with an additional 40 hrs spent on the CTD and mooring lines (transects 1,4,10-12).  Some of the transects (10-12) were incomplete due to operational constraints.

 

A calibration of the transducer alignment and amplification factor was conducted shortly after leaving BIO, on the straight run down to SW Nova Scotia.  The results (Table 3a) show that both these quantities are negligibly different from their design values of 0 deg. and 1.00, respectively.

 

 

Acknowledgements:

 

We are greatly indebted to the officers and crew of the C.S.S. Parizeau for their skilled assistance and friendly cooperation, which was vital to the success of this mission.

 

TABLE 1.  Moorings Deployed During Parizeau Cruise 96024, 23-30 Sept., 1996

Mooring             Site                 N. Lat.                      Deployment                  Instrument

No.                    (Depth,m)       W. Long.                   Time(Z),Date                (Depth,m)

 

1238                  SEFA             41o19.36’                  1351,Sep.25                SCAT1238(24)

                          (94)                66o28.33’                                                      RCM4600(25)

 

1239                  SEF                41o19.37’                  1438,Sep.25                RCM7592(51)

                          (96)                66o28.49’                                                      RCM2664(86)

                                                                                                                     TG343(96)

 

1240                  NECWA        42o07.78’                  1452,Sep.28                SCAT1019(25)

                          (215)              66o00.91’                                                      RCM7122(26)

 

1241                  NECW           42o07.64’                  1423,Sep.28                RCM7525(54)

                          (214)              66o00.75’                                                      RCM6400(104)

                                                                                                                     RCM6411(154)

                                                                                                                     RCM6412(194)

                                                                                                                     TG109(214)

 

1242                  NECEA          42o17.72’                  1702,Sep.27                SCAT1237(23)

                          (213)              65o50.43’                                                      RCM9355(24)

 

1243                  NECE            42o17.87’                  1632,Sep.27                RCM7131(54)

                          (214)              65o50.79’                                                      RCM4195(104)

                                                                                                                     RCM4355(154)

                                                                                                                     RCM5577(194)

                                                                                                                     TG336(214)

 

TABLE 1a.  Moorings Recovered During Parizeau Cruise 96024, 23-30 Sept. 1996

Mooring       Site           N. Lat.             Recovery          Instrument                    Comments

     No.     (Depth,m)     W. Long.          Time(Z),Date    (Depth,m)

 

1205         C2A           43°02.57'         2123,Sep.28    RCM7127(27)       rotor free, hairy growth

                  (115)          65°46.74'                                                                    

 

1206         C2             43°02.74'         2106,Sep.28    RCM3569(45)         “ ,     “     

                  (105)          65°46.95'                                 RCM5001(95)       rotor free

                                                                                    TG821(105)

 

1207         NECWA    42°07.48'         1857,Sep.27    SCAT595(22) ü     cut off,

                  (211)          66°00.66'                                 RCM7131(23) ţ    recov. 24/6/96

 

1208          NECW      42°07.63'         1023,Sep.28    RCM7137(49)       lost

                  (212)          66°00.72'                                 RCM6401(100)     dragged up, tangled in net                                                                                      

                                                                                    RCM6407(150)       “ , “

                                                                                     RCM7124(192)      “ , “

                                                                                     TG1271(212)          “ , “

 

1209          NECEA     42°17.78'         1043,Sep.27    SCAT359(23)        hairy growth

                  (212)          65°50.44'                                                               but tube clear

                                                                                    RCM4208(24)

 

1210          NECE        42°17.77'         1008,Sep.27    SCAT365(49)        mild growth                        

                  (213)          65°50.69'                                 RCM9607(50)       rotor free,  “

                                                                                    RCM7651(101)       “ , no growth

                                                                                     RCM8697(151)      “ ,  “     “

                                                                                    RCM5359(193)       “ , tangled

                                                                                    TG334(213)           light growth

TABLE 2.  CTD Stations During Parizeau 96024, 23-30 Sept., 1996

 

Stn.        N.LAT.    W.LONG.       Sound.         Date                  Year              Time

No.                                                   (m)                                        Day             [UTC]

           

    0        44.688       63.641                58          Sep  23  1996        267            16:12:05

    1        43.249       65.746                37          Sep  24  1996        268            06:00:37

    2        43.165       65.744                46          Sep  24  1996                          06:51:38

    3        43.084       65.744                87          Sep  24  1996                          07:38:33

    4        43.000       65.750               118         Sep  24  1996                          08:32:37

    5        43.033       65.780               114         Sep  24  1996                          10:06:56

    6        42.918       65.753               145         Sep  24  1996                          11:40:42

    7        42.834       65.756               100         Sep  24  1996                          12:32:03

    8        42.752       65.752                97          Sep  24  1996                          13:23:52

    9        42.671       65.746                83          Sep  24  1996                          14:11:01

   10       42.585       65.745                87          Sep  24  1996                          14:58:10

   11       42.499       65.748                82          Sep  24  1996                          15:47:05

   12       42.425       65.749                92          Sep  24  1996                          16:26:12

   13       42.335       65.798               195         Sep  24  1996                          17:19:47

   14       42.266       65.865               221         Sep  24  1996                          18:18:23

   15       42.198       65.931               219         Sep  24  1996                          19:10:16

   16       42.132       65.994               221         Sep  24  1996                          19:54:42

   17       42.063       66.079                90          Sep  24  1996                          20:48:48

   18       42.002       66.140                84          Sep  24  1996                          21:40:38

   19       41.325       66.482                89          Sep  25  1996        269            14:39:32

   20       41.737       66.520                67          Sep  25  1996                          18:31:55

   21       41.779       66.341                74          Sep  25  1996                          19:44:53

   22       42.127       66.032               205         Sep  25  1996                          22:20:47

   23       42.300       65.860               210         Sep  25  1996                          23:58:20

   24       42.292       65.852               206         Sep  27  1996        271            09:20:50

   25       42.124       66.023               209         Sep  27  1996                          18:26:00

   26       42.090       65.511               236         Sep  28  1996        272            03:11:43

   27       42.177       65.498               109         Sep  28  1996                          03:58:56

   28       42.192       65.702               212         Sep  28  1996                          05:07:19

   29       42.299       65.858               207         Sep  28  1996                          06:35:01

   30       42.125       66.025               200         Sep  28  1996                          15:32:45

   31       43.039       65.773               113         Sep  28  1996                          21:37:39

   32       42.802       66.435                84          Sep  29  1996        273            01:00:18

   33       42.709       66.613               155         Sep  29  1996                          02:30:21

   34       42.591       66.778               213         Sep  29  1996                          04:00:19

   35       42.507       66.961               315         Sep  29  1996                          05:48:16

   36       42.510       66.181               205         Sep  29  1996                          09:07:59

   37       42.427       65.980               206         Sep  29  1996                          10:47:21

   38       42.609       64.223               947         Sep  29  1996                          17:34:36

   39       42.679       64.294               217         Sep  29  1996                          22:10:21

   40       42.751       64.364               105         Sep  29  1996                          22:54:41

   41       42.896       64.501                95          Sep  29  1996                          23:58:30

   42       42.848       61.737              1008        Sep  30  1996        274            09:44:53

   43       43.184       62.100                90          Sep  30  1996                          12:17:33

   44       43.483       62.449                77          Sep  30  1996                          14:18:44

   45       43.884       62.884               257         Sep  30  1996                          17:01:11

   46       44.266       63.318               145         Sep  30  1996                          19:33:41

   47       44.401       63.466                85          Sep  30  1996                          20:46:17

 

 


 

______________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 2a. Temperature and Salinity Calibration Results for Parizeau 96024

QUANTITY                              NO. SAMPLES         MEAN DIFF.              STD. DEV.

 

                                            CTD vs. Standard

 

Salinity:

CTD-AutoSal.                                  66                           -0.023                        0.007

 

Temperature:

CTD-Thermometers                          77                           -0.001                        0.009

 

Dissolved Oxygen:

YSI-Titration(1-41)                          64                           -0.73                         0.15

 

                                                          

                                         Standard vs. Standard

 

Salinity:

Btl.1-Btl.2.                                        31                           -0.010                        0.049

 

Temperature:

T878-T881                                       39                           0.006                         0.004

 

Dissolved Oxygen:

 Btl.1-Btl.2.(1-41)                             25                             0.00                          0.05

 

 

 

______________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 2b. Dissolved Oxygen Regression Results for Parizeau 96024

                                       Y = aX+b  (Y=titration, X=sensor)

SENSOR(CTD)              NO. SAMPLES            a±da                      b(ml/l)          ±dY(ml/l)           r2

 

YSI(1-41)                                64                1.1011±0.0186              0.2704         ±0.121            0.98

______________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 3  Primary ADCP Transects During Parizeau 96-024

 

NO.            DATE         STRT          END                 FROM                    TO                 COMMENTS

                   (m-d)           (UTC)         (UTC)            (Lat./Long.)            (Lat./Long.)

 

   1               09-24          16:45          22:16          42°26'/65°45'          42°08'/65°59'       CTD12-18

   2               09-    (25)   22:34          01:48          42°00'/66°08'          42°26'/65°45'      

   3               09-25          01:56          05:13          42°26'/65°45'          42°00'/66°08'

   4               09-    (26)   21:00          01:22          42°00'/66°08'          42°26'/65°45'       CTD22-23

   5               09-26          01:25          04:33          42°26'/65°45'          42°00'/66°08'      

   6               09-              04:43          07:58          42°00'/66°08'          42°26'/65°45'

   7               09-              08:04          16:08          42°26'/65°45'          42°00'/66°08'

   8               09-              16:12          21:55          42°00'/66°08'          42°26'/65°45'

   9               09-   (27)    21:57          04:32          42°26'/65°45'          42°00'/66°08'

10               09-27          04:44          09:10          42°00'/66°08'          42°20'/65°51'       partial

11               09-    (28)   09:28          01:08          42°18'/65°51'          42°08'/66°01'       “ ,mooring

                                                                                                                                         CTD24-25

12               09-28          06:48          16:03          42°18'/65°51'          42°08'/66°01'       “, “

                                                                                                                                         CTD29-30

______________________________________________________________________________

TABLE 3a.  Straight Run RDI Calibrations for Parizeau 96-024

DATE:                            23 September, 1996

 

TIME                             MISALIGNMENT ANGLE              AMPLIFICATION FACTOR

                                                     (deg.)                                                     (-)

21:46:05                                      -1.360                                                0.958

21:51:01                                      -0.838                                                0.973

21:56:03                                      -1.055                                                0.966

22:01:05                                      -3.497                                                1.000

22:06:02                                      -2.997                                                0.998

22:11:06                                      -3.340                                                0.995

22:16:03                                      -3.315                                                0.998

AVERAGE                                 -2.375                                                0.984

______________________________________________________________________________

FIGURE CAPTIONS:

 

Figure 1            a) Mooring sites, and b) CTD positions and ADCP transects for C.S.S. Parizeau

                        Cruise 96-024, 23-30 Sept. 1996

 

Figure 2            Calibration data for the YSI dissolved oxygen sensor. Titrated values from rosette bottle samples are plotted against uptrace values from the sensor at the same depth.  Bold line through the points is a linear regression of titrated on sensor values (Table 2b).  Dashed and dotted lines represent calibrations from data other than those plotted.

 

Figure 3            Hydrographic section Ia (CTD1-12) from Cape Sable to the offshore edge of

                        Browns Bank.

                                    (a) temperature,

                                    (b) salinity,

                                    (c) sigma-q,

                                    (d) dissolved oxygen,

                                    (e) temperature vs. salinity, and

                                    (f) station map

 

Figure 4            Hydrographic section Ib (CTD12-18) across Northeast Channel at the mooring

                        line.

                                    (a) temperature,

                                    (b) salinity,

                                    (c) sigma-q,

                                    (d) dissolved oxygen,

                                    (e) temperature vs. salinity, and

                                    (f) station map

 

Figure 5            Hydrographic section II (CTD32-35) on the western flank of Browns Bank.

                                    (a) temperature,

                                    (b) salinity,

                                    (c) sigma-q,

                                    (d) dissolved oxygen,

                                    (e) temperature vs. salinity, and

                                    (f) station map

 

Figure 6            Hydrographic section V (CTD34,36,37,29,28,26) along the slope water inflow axis (~200m isobath) from Georges Basin to the mouth of Northeast Channel.

                                    (a) temperature,

                                    (b) salinity,

                                    (c) sigma-q,

                                    (d) dissolved oxygen,

                                    (e) temperature vs. salinity, and

                                    (f) station map

 

Figure 7            Hydrographic section VI (CTD38-41) across the Scotian Shelf break off Shelburne.

                                    (a) temperature,

                                    (b) salinity,

                                    (c) sigma-q,

                                    (d) dissolved oxygen,

                                    (e) temperature vs. salinity, and

                                    (f) station map

 

Figure 8            Halifax hydrographic section  (CTD42-47) from the Scotian Shelf break to Halifax.

                                    (a) temperature,

                                    (b) salinity,

                                    (c) sigma-q,

                                    (d) dissolved oxygen,

                                    (e) temperature vs. salinity, and

                                    (f) station map