ICE TYPE (ty) 10 Frazil11 Shuga 12 Grease 20 Nilas30 Pancakes 40 Young grey ice,    0.1-0.15 m 50 Young grey-white ice,    0.15-0.3 m 60 First year, 0.3-0.7 m70 First year, 0.7-1.2 m 80 First year, >1.2 m85 Multiyear floes 90 Brash95 Fast ice

ICE CONCn (c)to be expressed in tenths SEA ICE (z) AND SNOWTHICKNESS (sz) to be expressed incentimetres

FLOE SIZE (f) 100 Pancakes200 New sheet ice 300 Brash/broken ice400 Cake ice, <20 m 500 Small floes,    20-100 m 600 Medium floes,    100-500 m 700 Large floes,    500-2000 m 800 Vast floes, >2000 m

TOPOGRAPHY (t) 100 Level ice200 Rafted pancakes 300 Cemented pancakes400 Finger rafting

5xy New, unconsolidated    ridges (no snow) 6xy New ridges filled with    snow or a snow cover 7xy Consolidated ridges    (no weathering) 8xy Older, weathered ridges x values:  0 0-10% areal coverage   1 10-20%  2 20-30%   3 30-40%  4 40-50%   5 50-60%  6 60-70%   7 70-80%  8 80-90%   9 90-100% y values:  1 0.5 m av. sail height   2 1.0 m  3 1.5 m   4 2.0 m  5 3.0 m   6 4.0 m  7 5.0 m

SNOW TYPE (s) 0 No snow observation1 No snow, no ice or brash 2 Cold new snow,    <1 day old 3 Cold old snow4 Cold wind-packed snow 5 New melting snow    (wet new snow) 6 Old melting snow7 Glaze 8 Melt slush9 Melt puddles 10 Saturated snow (waves)11 Sastrugi

OPEN WATER 0 No openings1 Small cracks 2 Very narrow breaks,    <50m 3 Narrow breaks, 50-200 m4 Wide breaks, 200-500 m 5 Very wide breaks,    >500 m 6 Lead/coastal lead7 Polynya/coastal polynya 8 Water broken only by    small scattered floes 9 Open sea