Report prepared by Peter Wiebe, John Klinck, Carin Ashjian, Erik Chapman, Wendy Kozlowski, Dezhang Chu, Rob Masserini, Deb Glasgow, Julian Ashford, Ana Sirovic, Phil Alatalo, Kristin Cobb, and Suzanne O’Hara, with assistance from other colleagues in the scientific party and the Raytheon Support Services. This cruise was sponsored by the Office of Polar Programs at the National Science Foundation.

This cruise, the third in the series of four Southern Ocean GLOBEC broad-scale cruises, was in all measures a great success. The cruise objectives were accomplished as well or better than anticipated and there was time to add additional scientific activities to explore in greater depth some of the cruise findings. The Raytheon Marine Technical support group, led by Alice Doyle, provided excellent assistance in port and at sea. Their very positive attitude and superb technical expertise made the cruise run very smoothly. Captain Joe Borkowski and the officers and crew of the N.B. Palmer were also very supportive. The congenial atmosphere on board the N. B. Palmer made working and living there a great experience.

Kneeling (L-R): Alice Doyle, Jenny White, Phil Alatalo, John Klinck, Ann Sirovic, Amy Kukulya, Deb Glasgow, Helena Martellero, Wendy Kozlowski.

Row 1 (starting right of middle): Gaelin Rosenwaks, Yulia Serebrennikova, Kristy Aller, Andy Girard.

Row 2: Peter Wiebe, Carin Ashjian, Pete Martin, Karen Riener, Phil Taisey, Mark Dennett, Chris MacKay, Kristin Cobb, Erik Chapman, Steve Tarrent, Matthew Becker, Andres Hector Sepulveda, Romeo Laiviera, Sheldon Blackman, Tim Boyer, Rob Masserini, Julian Ashford, Dezhang Chu.

The U.S. Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program is in its second field year. The focus of this study is on the biology and physics of a region of the continental shelf to the west of the Western Antarctic Peninsula extending from the northern tip of Adelaide Island to the southern portion of Alexander Island and including Marguerite Bay. The primary goals are:

1) To elucidate shelf circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) distribution.

2) To examine the factors that govern krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including seals, penguins, and whales.

The second year field program began with a mooring cruise in February and March aboard the R/V L.M. Gould during which a series of moorings deployed a year ago across the continental shelf of the Adelaide Island and across the mouth of Marguerite Bay were recovered (LMG02-1A Cruise Report). The Marguerite Bay moorings were reset in slightly different positions. In addition the series of bottom mounted moorings instrumented to record marine mammal calls and sounds were recovered and reset. This report describes and details the first broad-scale cruise to take place this year (the third in a series of four). Our effort is mainly devoted to developing a shelf-wide context for the process work being conducted during this same time period aboard the R/V L.M. Gould and for the modelers who will be using both the broad-scale and the process data in their model computations. Our specific objectives with regard to the broad-scale survey were:

1) To conduct a broad-scale survey of the SO GLOBEC Study Site to determine the abundance and distribution of the target species, Euphausia superba and its associated flora and fauna.

4) To collect chlorophyll data, nutrient data, and to make primary production measurements to characterize the primary production of the region.

5) To collect zooplankton samples with a MOCNESS at selected locations throughout the broad-scale sampling area.

6) To survey the under ice distribution and abundance of krill larvae using an ROV equipped with a VPR, ADCP, and CTD.

7) To survey the sea birds throughout the broad-scale sampling area and determine their feeding patterns.

8) To survey the marine mammals throughout the broad-scale sampling area both by visual sightings and by passive listening techniques.

9) To map the bank-wide velocity field using an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP).

10) To collect acoustic, video, and environmental data along the tracklines between stations using a suite of sensors mounted in a towed body (BIOMAPER-II).

In addition, an ancillary program was conducted to study the sound speed contrast and the density contrast of zooplankton in the region, with principal focus on Antarctic krill.

The cruise track was determined by the positions of 92 station locations distributed along 13 transect lines running across the continental shelf and perpendicular to the Western Peninsula coastline (Figures 1, 2). The work was a combination of station and underway activities (See the Event Log, Appendix 1). The along-track data were collected from the BIo-Optical Multifrequency Acoustical and Physical Environmental Recorder (BIOMAPER-II), the ADCP, the meteorological sensors, through hull sea surface sensors, XBTs, XCTDs, and Sonabuoys. At the stations, a cast with a CTD/Rosette equipped with oxygen, transmissometer, and fluorometer sensors was made to the bottom. In water depths less than about 500 m, a Fast Repetition Response Fluorometer (FRRF) was added to the Rosette and at some deep water locations, a special cast to 100 m was made with it on before doing the deep cast. In addition, a sensor system to measure microstructure, CMiPS, was installed on the CTD and it was used on most CTD casts that were shallower than about 2000 m. At selected stations, a 1-m² Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) was towed obliquely between the surface and near the bottom or 1000 m if the bottom were deeper for collection of zooplankton (335 um mesh). A 1-m Reeve net was used to make collections of live animals for use in shipboard acoustic experimental studies and a 1-m ring net was used for surface zooplankton collections for use in sea bird feeding studies. Meteorological, sea surface hydrographic properties, and SeaBeam bathymetry data were collected along the survey tracklines.

This narrative is an excerpt of reports usually sent in daily from the N.B. Palmer to the Southern Ocean GLOBEC Web Site located at: www.ccpo.odu.edu/Research/globec/main_cruises02/nbp0202/menu.html. These reports provide additional detail about the activities that took place on the cruise.

April 9-11: The RVIB N.B. Palmer left the port of Punta Arenas, Chile at 1100 hours on Tuesday, 9 April 2002 after an intensive week of cruise preparation, which went very smoothly thanks to the excellent preparations and assistance provided by the Raytheon Technical Support Group. There was a moderate wind and partly cloudy skies.

Shortly after leaving port, we stopped at a nearby dock to pick up the “Cajon Cruncher”, a small boat carried by the N.B. Palmer, which had undergone some repairs in Punta Arenas. After lunch, we had our first safety meeting with Chief Mate Richard Wishner presiding. This included dawning the survival suits and the exercise of getting the entire science party into a large life boat and strapped in. The safety meeting was followed by a science meeting led by MPC Alice Doyle and Chief Scientist Peter Wiebe. Then, there was an on deck safety briefing and later a SeaBeam data ping editing class for those who had not previously done ping editing. Later in the afternoon, while steaming through the straits of Magellan, we slowed for a test deployment of BIOMAPER-II. This enabled those who handled the launch and recovery of the towed body during the cruise to become familiar with the procedures in running the winch, slack tensioner, and overboarding sheave and docking mechanism together with the operation of the stern A-frame under good weather and sea conditions. It also provided an in-water test of all of the sensors systems while the system was being towed and fine tuning of the weight distribution in towed body to get it to tow horizontally. Around 1800 at the pilot drop-off point on the eastern end of the Straits of Magellan, three individuals (Sam Johnson of HTI, and Scott Gallager and Terry Hammar both from

WHOI) who were assisting in the port setup of the hardware and software associated with BIOMAPER-II and the ROV, left the ship along with the pilot.

The course to the survey area (first station was at -65.6633S; -70.6580W) took us east from Punta Arenas through the straits of Magellan, then south along the eastern side of South America (Argentina), through the straits of Maire, then nearly straight south to the start of the grid. The distance from Punta Arenas to the work site was approximately 900 nm.

During 10 April, we steamed along the eastern side of the southern tip of South America reaching the straits of Maire in the late afternoon. Winds were in the 30 kt range during the morning, but the seas were moderate because we were in the lee of the land. As we approached Estrecho del la Maire, we could see high snow covered mountains in the distance. They were quickly obscured by a fast moving snow squall. The winds, out of the southwest, were fierce in the straits with speeds up in the high 40 to low 50 kt range and we were no longer in a lee. Fortunately, the current was running with the wind so that the seas were not as big as they might have been. Bucking the wind and current, however, resulted in the ship’s speed being slowed to about 5 kts as we made our way through the straits. During the night of 10^th and the morning of the 11^th of April, the winds remained in the high 40 to low 50's. There were gusts up to and over 60 knots. Needless to say, it was not a comfortable night for anyone. The winds abated some in the late morning, but remained in mid-thirty knot range for the rest of the day and evening. As a result, the ship continued to make around 5 or 6 knots as we inched our way towards the 200 mile limit where our first work was to start.

April 12-13: The transit south from Punta Arenas, Chile to our survey grid on western Antarctic Peninsula continued for a fourth and fifth day. The early morning hours of the 12^th of April found the Palmer in rough seas and winds hovering about 30 kts and still out of the west southwest (250). About 0100, we crossed the 200 mile limit and began making science observations taking XBT’s at 10 nm intervals, and recording SeaBeam bathymetry and along track sea surface and meteorological data under cloudy skies. There was a noticeable drop in both the sea (1.7 C) and air temperature (1.2 C) about the time we left the Argentine economic zone which marked our crossing of the polar front. By mid-day the winds were dropping and the seas moderating. Late in the afternoon, the winds died down to the 17 to 21 kt range out of the west northwest (300). The barometer was still above a 1000 (1001.0 mlb) and the air temperature (1.6 C) was colder than the seawater (2.06 C). The clouds remained along with a light drizzle. Low visibility made it hard for the bird and marine mammal observers to conduct their surveys.

A science meeting was held at 1300 on the 12^th and the different scientific parties on board reviewed their scientific objectives and outlined what they planned to do at the various stations. There was consensus that a test station some distance from the first station in the grid was needed and that was programmed into the schedule.

Just after sunrise (~0800) on the morning of the 13^th , the test station began about 100 nm north of Grid Station 1. The sea surface was almost glassy and only a low swell was running. Fog hung over the sea surface, but it was not so thick that the ship needed to slow from its 11 knot pace in reaching the test station. But the skies were a hazy light blue above and the winds light. The air temperature (-1.9 C) and sea temperature (-0.03C) continued to decline. The CTD was quickly deployed. The profile to 500 meters went well and except for a couple of bottles that did not close properly, the cast was successful. This was followed by a BIOMAPER-II deployment to 180 m, an Acoustic Properties of Plankton measurement system deployment, and a MOCNESS tow. A second deployment of BIOMAPER-II late in the afternoon was needed to fine tune the towing configuration.

With the completion of the test station, we again set sail for Station 1. Sea conditions changed significantly during the day. By noon it was overcast, but the sun still shone through a bit. Late in the afternoon, it was sleeting lightly and the wind had picked up. By 2200 on the 13th, the winds were back up around the 30 kt mark out of the west (274) and the barometer, which had been falling, was at 983.7 mlb. Air temperature was just above freezing (0.8 C) and the water temperature was just below (-0.04 C).

April 14: The N.B. Palmer reached the first Station in the Southern Ocean GLOBEC survey grid in the early morning hours of 14 April. Thick low clouds and a raw cold air (0.5 C) driven by a 25 kt wind provided a setting not nearly as pleasant as what we experienced at the test station on 13 April, but typical of what was expected for this time of year. Air temperature was just above freezing (0.5 C) and the water temperature was a little colder (-0.12 C). The barometer held steady at 987.1 mlb. In the first light of the day, one could see a magnificent iceberg just a short distance off the starboard bow. This was much earlier in the cruise for such sightings compared to last year’s fall cruise.

Work began immediately with the deployment of the CTD. After a pair of casts, one shallow and one deep, BIOMAPER-II was deployed. But a ground fault in the acoustic system caused the towyo between Stations 1 and 2 to be aborted shortly after the towed body was launched. The ship steamed on to station 2 at the customary 4 to 6 knots needed for the sea bird and mammal surveys while the fault was tracked down and eliminated. At Station 2, another CTD cast to the bottom was made followed by another test of the APOP system to see if a noise problem observed during the first deployment at the test station was still present; it was. The launch of BIOMAPER-II came at the end of station 2 and this time it operated as planned. Towyo’s between the surface and 250 meters were made during the 40 km transit to Station 3. While BIOMAPER-II remained in the water “parked” about 25 m below the surface, the station work began. At station 3, the microstructure sensor package was mounted on the CTD frame for the first time and was successfully operated. Also at this station, a 1-meter diameter ring net was obliquely towed in the upper 50 m to collect a plankton sample for comparison with bird survey data. Towyoing with BIOMAPER-II down to 250 m resumed during the transit to station 4, which was reached just after midnight.

April 15: The start of the survey work at the northern end of the SO GLOBEC grid continued to go well. Working conditions on 15 April remained reasonably good for most groups in the scientific party, although aspects of the weather hampered the observational work of the bird and mammal surveyors. Work was completed at the remaining stations on line 1 (stations 4 to 6) and also at station 7, the inner most station on line 2. This included CTD’s equipped with both the FRRF and the Microstructure systems at each of the four stations, a MOCNESS tow at Station 4, a 1-m Reeve net live animal tow at stations 4 and 7, and a 1-m ring net surface zooplankton tow at station 7. Four sonobuoys were deployed along the trackline to listen for marine mammal vocalizations and BIOMAPER-II was towyoed along the tracklines between the four stations.

The weather on 15 April remained dark and dreary with thick clouds and a light fog and snow limiting visibility to between a few hundred meters to a mile or two. Snow flurries were common throughout the day and the decks were wet and icy. The wind was out of the northeast (040) at 15 to 20 kts and with the ship’s course headed towards Adelaide Island, we were traveling in the trough. But the ride was quite good. Water temperature (-1.473 C) inshore was about a degree colder than offshore and the water was fresher (33.154 psu) by about half a part per thousand. The air temperature during the day was just below freezing (-0.6 C). Barometric pressure was ~979 mlb.

April 16: During the 16^th of April, the broad-scale survey activities were focused on work at stations 8 to 11 on survey line 2 that extended 81 nm from inshore off the northern end of Adelaide Island to just beyond the continental shelf break. Early in the day, the winds were up some from those experienced yesterday and were running in the low to mid-20 kt range out of the northeast (053). The barometer dropped to 971.9 mlb, but the air temperature held steady (-0.3 C) and was about the same as the water temperature (-0.518 C). Off and on during the day, it snowed moderately and with the wind, the flakes were being driven horizontally across the deck. The snow again caused problems for the bird and mammal surveyors. In the afternoon, the winds dropped down to around 15 kts, and in the evening there was little wind and seas became calm.

At each of the stations, a CTD cast was made with both the microstructure profiler and the FRRF, except that the FRRF was removed for the cast at station 11 due to its depth limitations. In addition, two satellite tracked drogues were deployed at stations 8 and 9 to provide Lagrangian measurements of the surface currents in this northern area of the grid. Two sonobuoys were also deployed along the trackline. At station 11, quantitative zooplankton collections were made with the MOCNESS and a live animal collection was made with the 1-m Reeve net. BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between stations and was only taken out of the water at Station 11 to make it possible to deploy the MOCNESS. To the extent possible, seabirds and mammal observations were made while transiting between stations.

The event of note was the discovery of an intrusion of offshore water at station 9. This prompted a brief deviation from the survey trackline to measure the horizontal extent of the intrusion perpendicular to the trackline. After completing the station work, BIOMAPER-II was towyoed along a transect perpendicular to the survey line, which was 5 km long on either side of the station location. Additional physical observations were made at each end of this short transect and some were also added to the survey line as we transited between stations 9 and 10.

April 17: On April 17^th, work began in the early morning hours at deep ocean station 12 out at the end of survey line 2, where the water depth was 2941 meters. In the early morning light, the horizon was visible for the first time in days, although the skies were still heavily clouded. Winds were in the 25 kt range out of the east northeast (070) and the air temperature was around -2.2 C. The barometer, at 978 mlb, was not changed much from the last couple of days. Working conditions were relatively good. During the course of the day, the Palmer moved from the offshore location to mid-shelf station 14 on line 3 with a stop at the shelf break to work at station 13. By evening, winds were up in the high 20's to low 30's, but fortunately, the seas were on the port quarter, so the ride was not bad. The skies remained cloudy and sometimes the cloud deck lowered almost to the sea surface. There was little in the way of precipitation. The work-of-the-day included 4 CTD’s, an APOP cast at station 12, and a 1-m ring net tow at station14. BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between stations 12, 13, and 14 and along track sea bird and mammal observations were made during daylight. Three Sonobuoys were also deployed along the trackline.

Although the day started out routinely enough, there was an event that was not routine. About the time that the APOP cast was being completed (0940), preparations to deploy BIOMAPER-II were underway. When the doors to the van used to store BIOMAPER-II on deck were opened, an acrid black smoke came rolling out and it was evident that there had been a fire at the back of the van where the electrical panels were located. Quick action on the part of the MT Stian Alesandrini got the report of a fire to the bridge, which triggered off the ship’s fire alarm. All the scientists and technical support people rapidly grabbed survival suits and life vests, and went to the third level lounge, which was our muster station in case of emergencies. There was a period of waiting while the crew and electronic technicians did an inspection to try and determine what caused the fire, which was out at the time of discovery. The consensus was that the fire started with the failure of a Makita battery charger, which was at the back of the van close to one of the electrical panels. The fire produced a thick black soot, which covered all surfaces, and the heat ruined some of the electrical wiring, but the damage was relatively little. BIOMAPER-II was not damaged, so once the assessment was completed, work commenced towards getting the towed body into the water. Cleanup of the deck van and the re-wiring of the damaged circuits began shortly after. The Ship’s engine room crew, led by Johnny Pierce, and the Raytheon technical support people did a great job in helping to get the van back into working condition. Members of the BIOMAPER-II group also worked very hard and put in long hours to right the situation.

April 18: Work down on the Western Antarctic Continental shelf in the fall and winter often seems like an endless collection of cloudy dreary days with little sunlight, but every once in a while a day occurs that is really quite special. April 18 was one of those days. The first view of Adelaide Island happened in the early morning as the sun was rising. Finally the clouds lifted enough so that the full majesty of the snow covered peaks and the Fuchs ice Piedmont could be seen. We were steaming on survey line three towards the island and as we approached station 16, the mountains loomed larger and become more spectacular. The scene was a contrast in shades of gray in the clouds high above and the dark blue/black of the ocean surface, and the brilliant white of the snow covering almost all of the land surface of the island. Later in the afternoon, while at station 17, the sun shone on the craggy mountains highlighting the snow against the dark clouds high above and the sea surface had a glassy slowly undulating texture in the very light winds that prevailed.

The work was completed during 18 April at stations 15, 16, and 17, and included 3 CTD’s, 2 MOCNESS tows, and a 1-m Reeve net tow. Along track work, however, only consisted of bird and mammal surveying because it was discovered, when BIOMAPER-II was brought on board at the start of station 15, that there was a broken strand of the outer armor on the towing cable. This necessitated the cutting of the cable behind the break and re-termination of the end of the cable. This process took about 12 hours and no acoustics or video data were collected between stations 15 to 17 and part of the way to station 18.

As noted above, the weather on 18 April was close to ideal. During the early morning hours, the wind was out of the northeast at 15 to 20 kts, the air temperature was 0.3 C, and the barometric pressure was 982.1 mlb, up a bit from the last few days. By mid-afternoon, the wind speed was close to zero, the sea surface was glassy, and a good portion of the sky was cloud free.

April 19: On April 19th, the N.B. Palmer was working on survey line 4 mostly in the mid-continental shelf region just north of Marguerite Bay where water depths were around 500 m. Weather on 19 April was again very good. Winds during the day were out of the north (000) about 15 kts and the seas had only a moderate swell. The air temperature remained steady at about -0.4 C and the barometer was up a bit at 991.4 mlb . Sea surface temperature was -0.463 C. There were high clouds hiding the sun and there was no blue sky. But there was a glint of sunlight at the horizon to the north. The visibility was very good. At mid-morning, the ship passed close by a very large and beautiful iceberg, which was accompanied by patches of brash ice. Icebergs were seen off in the distance for a good portion of the day.

Work was completed at stations 18, 19, 20, and 21. The CTD was deployed at all of the stations with the microstructure sensor package and the FRRF, with the exception of station 19, which was too deep to deploy the FRRF. A 1-m ring net tow for surface zooplankton was done at Station 19 and a MOCNESS tow was done at station 21. An APOP cast was also done at this station with adolescent krill individuals, which had been kept alive since they were caught at station 7. Underway measurements included the sea bird and mammal surveys and BIOMAPER-II towyos between all of four stations. Two sonobuoys were also deployed along the trackline.

April 20: On April 20th, the N. B. Palmer was at the offshore end of survey lines 4 and 5 in water depths of 3500 meters. These stations are about as far apart as any on the survey grid and they require a lot of steaming time to move from one to another and a lot of time to do a CTD profile from the surface to the sea floor or a MOCNESS tow to 1000 m. Thus, we worked only at stations 22 and 23 on this day.

The good weather continued, much to our amazement and pleasure. There was a beautiful sunrise with clear skies overhead. The only clouds were out on the horizon. In the early morning light, there were a number of icebergs off in the distance, one of which looked like a ship on the horizon with a bow, tall mast, and aft cabin. Bergy bits of ice were floating closer by. Once again, there was very little wind, around 10 kts out of the north northeast, and the seas were just choppy with a low underlying swell. The barometer remained fairly high at 998.7 mlb and the air temperature was holding steady at -0.6 C. In early afternoon, the skies had lost their lovely blue and were again overcast. Wind remained low, but the barometric pressure had started to drop. Surface salinity (33.733 psu) out in this Antarctic Circumpolar Current location was higher than on the shelf and sea surface temperature was -0.571 C. By mid-afternoon, a fog approached the ship from the north ultimately reducing the visibility to less than a mile. The winds picked up in the evening and the barometer kept dropping, a portend for an approaching storm.

During 20 April, 3 CTDs (2 deep and one shallow), a 1-m ring net tow at station 22, and a deep MOCNESS tow at station 23 were successfully completed. Two sonobuoys were deployed along the transect lines. BIOMAPER-II towyos were made along the tracklines between each of the stations and while visibility remained good, seabird and mammal observations were also made.

April 21: The fair skies of 20 April gave way to a fast moving, but turbulent storm that significantly reduced the scientific program on 21 April. A falling barometer and increasing winds were accompanied by snow and fog. By 0400, winds were in the 40 to 50 kt range and seas had built accordingly. The stern deck was awash and access to it was curtailed. These conditions continued through the morning and although the winds subsided remarkably quickly in the afternoon to the 10 to 15 kt range, the storm and its after effects caused all of the programmed station work to be dropped except for the CTDs.

Work on the survey grid was completed at stations 24, 25, 26 27 along the outer to mid-shelf region of survey line 5, which extends into the northern part of Marguerite Bay. The abbreviated work schedule included only four CTD’s at the stations, because of the high winds and seas. BIOMAPER-II remained in the water during the worst of the storm, primarily because it was too rough to recover it. At Station 27, the BIOMAPER-II towing wire was damaged again, this time while on station with the fish parked at 40 m depth. The towed body was retrieved at this station so that re-termination could commence. Late in the afternoon, once the snow fall ceased and the fog thinned, some along track observations were made by the seabird surveyors, but conditions were not suitable for marine mammal observations.

April 22: The long anticipated steam into Marguerite Bay along the inner portion of survey line 5 was what we had been hoping for. It was another spectacular dawn and sunrise with the mountains of Adelaide Island just a few miles away. Broken clouds and patches of blue sky allowed the early morning sunlight to highlight the icebergs close at hand and the mountains. The winds had died overnight and were very light. A very large swell was still running, a reminder of yesterdays storm, and occasionally the water would slosh onto the aft deck, but the sea surface was almost glassy. The excellent weather conditions persisted throughout the day and during the afternoon there were particularly marvelous views of the southern end of Adelaide Island with a bright sun overhead and clouds hanging behind the mountains. The thick Fuchs ice Piedmont was just amazing to see up close. The evening weather remained subdued with the wind out of the east northeast (070) about 15 kts. The barometer was at 982.2 mlb, and the air temperature was -1.9 C. Sea surface temperature was -1.19 C and salinity was 33.197, much fresher than out on the continental shelf or in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. There were substantially more icebergs around the ship and many small ice chunks and bergy bits, but no substantial areas of sea ice.

Work was completed during 22 April at stations 28, 29, 30, 31,33, and part of 34. These stations, except station 34, occurred in the very shallow water regime just below the southern tip of Adelaide Island in water depths that varied from around 100 m to over 300 m along the trackline. There were 6 CTD casts all with the microstructure and FRRF sensors, 1 MOCNESS tow, 2 Reeve net live animal tows, and a 1-m ring net tow for surface zooplankton. The last of the satellite tracked drogue deployments took place at station 33 on the southwestern end of Laubeuf Fjord, a deep 800 m depression in the northern end of Marguerite Bay. Seabird and marine mammal observations were made during daylight transit periods. BIOMAPER-II towyoing occurred between stations 29 to 30 and 31 and 33. It was out of the water for the other transits for re-termination of the towing cable and maintenance/repair of the Video Plankton Recorder. Two sonobuoys were deployed, one each between station 30 and 31, and 31 and 33. Although there was a station 32 in the survey grid plan, because of the shoal waters in the selected area, the N.B. Palmer was not able to get to that location and the station was dropped from the schedule.

April 23: April 23rd was another very beautiful day in Northern reaches of Marguerite Bay. The sun rose around 0830 with clear skies overhead and glassy seas (no wind). There was bright sun and essentially no clouds all day, except over the mountains of Adelaide Island where there were some clouds as a backdrop to the peaks. The rugged mountains surrounding Marguerite Bay, blanketed with snow, were dazzling with the brightness of the sun reflecting off the white surfaces. The winds remained low all day (generally less than 15 kts out of the east) and the seas calm. Icebergs were frequently encountered along the trackline. Part way between stations 35 and 36, we encountered patches of newly formed pancake, ice fragments, and bergy bits slowly oscillating in a moderate swell. The amount of sea ice that we encountered increased throughout the day as we worked our way towards the central region of the Bay. Towards dusk, a band of high clouds moved in from the north accompanied by a falling barometer, which dipped down to 973.6 mlb around midnight. Air temperatures ranged from -2.2 to 1.3 C during the day and sea surface temperatures were all below freezing. Surface salinities (less than 33 psu) were the freshest yet seen on the cruise.

About 0830 on 23 April, the N.B. Palmer rendezvoused with the L.M. Gould mid-way between stations 35 and 36 in Laubeuf Fjord. The Gould deployed a zodiac to come over to the Palmer under ideal conditions and there was a two way transfer of equipment and science supplies. Live animals collected by Kendra Daly and Jose Torres on the Gould were brought over to the Palmer for use in experimental work by Dezhang Chu. Within an hour, the transit to Station 36 was resumed.

During this day, work started on 22 April at station 34 was completed, as were the scheduled activities at stations 35, 36, and 37. Four CTD’s were made, one each at station 35 and 36, and two at station 37 (shallow with FRRF and deep without FRRF). A relatively deep MOCNESS tow was made at station 34, an APOP cast was made at station 36, and an ice collection was made at station 37. To do the latter, the ship’s starboard crane was used together with a personnel carrier to position the collectors just above the sea ice surface enabling them to do the collecting. Seabird and mammal surveys were conducted along the transits between stations and BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between stations 35 and 36, and 37 and 38. It was out of the water for transit between 36 and 37 for additional maintenance. Two sonobuoys were deployed along the survey trackline to record marine mammal calls.

April 24: On April 24th, the broad-scale survey was conducted along the inner and central area of Marguerite Bay. The weather remained very good for working, although in the hours before first light, a light snow fell. By dawn, there were high overcast skies with clouds that just cut off the tops of the mountains surrounding the Bay. During most of the day, visibility was very good with skies remaining cloudy to partly cloudy with occasional patches of blue sky. It started to snow again in the evening leaving a white coating on the non-heated decks.

Winds were generally light to moderate - around 10 to 12 kts out of the east in the morning and 15 to 18 kts out of the north in the afternoon. The barometric pressure was 983.7 mlb in mid-afternoon, up from 974.5 mlb around 0200. The air temperature ranged from -2.1 C to 0.9 C, and in the afternoon, the sea surface temperature was near the freezing mark at -1.693 C and the salinity was 33.977 psu. On the trackline between stations, the ship steamed through a mixture of brash ice, large pancakes, and larger slabs of much thicker year-old ice. Much of the new ice had a golden greenish brown color indicating lots of algae and microzooplankton were present in it in contrast to the year old slabs that were a purer white. During the steam from station 40 to 41, the pack ice ended and station 41, at the entrance to Marguerite Bay, was in open water.

During this day, work was completed at stations 38, 39, 40 and started at station 41. Three CTD’s were made, a MOCNESS tow was made at station 40, an APOP cast was made at station 41, and an ice collection was made at station 40. Seabird and mammal surveys were conducted along the transits between stations during daylight, and BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between stations 38, 39, 40 and 41. Two Sonobuoys were deployed along the survey trackline to record marine mammal calls.

April 25: There are thirteen survey lines on the Southern Ocean GLOBEC broad-scale survey grid. Lines 4 to 7 are the longest, running from the deep offshore waters of the Antarctic circumpolar current to the inner portions of Marguerite Bay. Each line is about 160 nm (300 km) and it takes about 3 days to complete a line’s station and along track work. On April 25th, we were mid-way along survey line 6 headed off shore.

The fine working weather experienced over the past few days became a memory as weather turned to a much less benign state. In the early hours of 25 April, the winds picked up substantially and by early morning were blowing 30 to 35 kts. The barometer dipped down into the mid- 970 mlb region, before climbing again to around 980 by mid-morning. Although, the skies in late morning were partly cloudy, with areas of blue sky, by afternoon the clouds thickened and the barometer began to drop again. Winds most of the day were in the 20 to 25 kt range . During the late afternoon, the barometer began an accelerated drop from about 976 and reached 966 mlb around 2300. As the low pressure area moved in, winds again picked up into the 30 kt range, the seas became quite rough, and remained so throughout the night. A driving snow accompanied the high winds. Air temperature varied little throughout the day remaining between -1.0 to -1.7 C.

During the 25^th of April, work was finished at station 41 and completed at 42, 43, and 44. Four CTD’s were made, a MOCNESS tow was made at station 43, a 1-m Reeve Net live tow, and a 1-m ring net surface zooplankton tow were taken at Station 44. Seabird and mammal surveys were conducted along the transits between stations during daylight, and BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between stations 43 and 44 missing the transits between stations 41, 42, and 43, while chasing an elusive sonar ground fault. Two Sonobuoys were deployed along the survey trackline to record marine mammal calls.

April 26: On April 26th, the N.B. Palmer was again out in the deep water off the Western Antarctic Peninsula’s continental shelf working at the ends of survey lines 6 and 7. As the survey work moved steadily south and as austral winter solstice approached, the light of the day noticeably diminished. On this day, the sun rose around 0900 and set about 1600.

The steam from the outer shelf station 44 to 45 and then 46 in the deep offshore waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current was done with increasing wind and seas. By the time, we arrived at station 45 in the late evening, the winds were in the 35 to 40 kt range, there was snow blowing across the decks, and seas were too rough to either bring BIOMAPER-II on board or to deploy the CTD. Instead, an Expendable CTD (XCTD) was deployed while continuing to steam on to station 46. Upon reaching station 46 in the early morning, the winds were diminishing, but the seas remained too rough to work, so the ship was put onto a northerly course into the wind and seas, and Sea Beam bathymetric data and BIOMAPER-II data were collected while waiting for the conditions to improve. By the time the Palmer arrived back at station 46 about 0830, the seas still had a large swell running, but the wind had dropped to the low teens and the sea surface was beginning to calm. The barometer was still low (961.7 mlb), the air temperature just above freezing (0.3 C) and snow was falling lightly. During the day, the skies cleared a bit and sporadically there was some blue sky showing. But most of the time, there was a persistent fog limiting visibility. In the evening, at station 47, the winds were still a light 10-12 kts out of the south, the air temperature had dropped to -2.7 C, and the barometer was up to 969.3 mlb.

This was another day in which only a couple of stations were completed because of the long steaming time between stations and the long times needed to deploy the equipment. Work was completed at stations 45, 46 (depth 2086 m), and started at 47 (depth 2845 m) including 3 CTD casts (two to the seafloor) and an XCTD, a 1-m ring net surface zooplankton tow at station 46, and a deep 0-1000 m MOCNESS tow at station 47. Seabird and mammal observations were made during daylight under marginal visibility conditions and BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between all the stations.

April 27: Changeable weather is the hallmark of the Western Antarctic Continental Shelf and 27 April was no exception as the Palmer worked on outer portion of broad-scale survey line 7. The high winds of the day before had disappeared, but the large swell remained for most of the day. In the very early morning before sunrise, there was a clear spell and the full moon illuminated the scene. Throughout the morning, the winds were light (6 to 10 kts) out of the south, but a dense low fog developed cutting the visibility to short distances. Except for the swell, the surface of the sea had only light chop. By noon, the wind had shifted to the north northeast and was up to 15 to 20 kts where it remained until evening. The barometer rose slowly from 979 mlb in the early morning to 982 mlb around 1730. Air temperatures remained about the freezing mark (-0.5 to -1.0 C). About 2000, while work was ongoing at station 50, the wind and seas began to pickup. By 2300, wind speeds were in the 30 kt range out of the northeast and sea conditions were rough enough that the deployment of BIOMAPER-II, while possible was delayed to wait for better working conditions.

April 27^th was also a Big Screen Movie night on the Palmer presented by Amy Kukulya and Romeo Lariviere. The helicopter hanger was converted into a theater with a big white bed sheet screen on the helo-door during the day by a group of movie enthusiasts. At 2000, a DVD version of “Swordfish” played to the audience bolstered by galley gorp and popcorn.

Work at station 47 was finished in the early morning hours of 27 April with an APOP cast and work was completed at stations 48, 49 and 50. Three CTD’s and a number of XBT casts were made. The XBT’s were used to explore the extent of a deep warm water zone indicative on an intrusion of water from offshore. A 1-m ring net tow was done at station 48; a MOCNESS and a 1-m Reeve net tow were done at station 50. Seabird and marine mammals observations were made during daylight when the visibility was adequate. BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between stations 47 to 49 and was under repair for the transits between station 49 to 50. Two sonobuoys were deployed along the trackline.

April 28: During 28 April, work took place along the inner portion of survey line 7 that went over the very deep (>1500 m in some places) trough that cuts across the opening of Marguerite Bay and leads into George VI sound in the southern portion of the Bay. During the day, the weather was foggy, snowy, and dreary. Very low clouds present for a couple of days, occasionally thinned during the night to let the moonlight through. Winds were around 14 to 18 kts out of the northeast (038-042) and the barometer rose slowly during the day (988.9 mlb at 1630). Air temperature was again right around the freezing mark (-0.5 C). By evening the decks had a white coating again of wet snow. During the late evening, the weather worsened some; the winds picked up to 25 to 30 and more snow began falling. What was unexpected was the fact that the sea water was so cold (around -1.7 C) that the snow did not melt when coming down on to the sea surface, but instead floated and flakes were aggregated making white patches, which were then swirled in the currents set up by the ship’s wake and also by the wind induced surface currents and circulation cells.

Work was completed at stations 51, 52, 53, 54 including 4 CTD’s, and a deep MOCNESS tow and an APOP cast at station 54. Seabird and marine mammals observations were made during daylight when the visibility was adequate. BIOMAPER-II was deployed partway to station 52, after undergoing additional servicing, and towyoed between stations 52 and 53, but it was on deck for more repair work between 53 and 54. Two sonobuoys were again deployed along the trackline.

April 29: The Southern Ocean GLOBEC survey, on 29 April was focused on stations 55 and 56 at the near shore end of survey line 7 and the beginning of line 8 within an ice pack filled region known as George VI sound. This sound, named after George VI, King of England, is a major fault depression 300 miles long with several very deep basins including those that compose the Marguerite trough, which runs northwest/southeast through the middle of Marguerite Bay. George VI sound and the rest of Marguerite Bay separate Alexander Island from the Western Antarctic Peninsula.

The trackline took the Palmer on a 30 nm transit from Station 54 across the entrance to George VI sound to station 55. We left open water and came into the ice pack about 8 nm before arriving on station. The ice never got very thick and the ship moved through it on only two engines. Another 30 nm transit on a southerly course down into the sound to station 56 took place in the late afternoon and evening. After pushing through relatively loose ice pack for several hours, the going got substantially tougher, the deeper into the sound we steamed. The ice floes thickened and were covered with a very thick blanket of snow. As we pushed through the mix on four engines, the snow and ice stuck to the hull of the ship, slowing our passage. Still about 10 nm from the station location, the Palmer began to back and ram to make forward progress. Eventually, some 7.7 nm from station, the ship came to a grinding halt. Very thick slabs of ice with a meter or more of tightly packed snow blocked our way. At around 1900, after making about 1/4 nm in 40 minutes, the stopping point became the station location.

The snow of the night of 28 April continued into the early morning hours of the 29^th, but the winds were light out of the north, the barometer remained relatively high (990 mlb at 0500), and the air temperature stayed around the freezing mark (-.04 C). During the day, the visibility improved with the thinning of the clouds over head and the winds stayed in the 10 to 12 kts range. Sea surface temperature was -1.79C and salinity was 32.718 psu. Winds were close to zero during the nights work at station 56.

Work completed at two stations included 2 CTD’s, ice collection at station 55, and an ROV under-ice survey and an APOP cast at station 56. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight when visibility was adequate and BIOMAPER-II was towyoed most of the way between stations 54 to 56, being recovered to the deck only when the backing and ramming became necessary in the heavy ice pack. A solo sonobuoy was deployed during a transit between stations.

April 30: The vistas from inside George VI sound are supposed to be grand with the ice shelves and mountains surrounding the sound on three sides, but on 30 April, the first light of day was a sliver on the northern horizon and a thick cloud layer was over head. The clouds stayed the day, shrouding the mountain peaks. Only the slopes of some of the western peninsula mountains to the east were showing. To the west, the clouds lay down nearly to the sea surface, so that the mountains on Alexander Island were again hidden from view. Occasionally, snow showers reduced the visibility significantly. For a second day, the Palmer was surrounded by thick tightly pressed pack ice with a deep coating of snow as it steamed from station 56 to 57 and then 58.

The weather remained quite calm. Wind speeds for most of the day were in the 7-10 kt range, out of the south southeast (153). The barometer held steady around 986 mlb, and the air temperature varied within narrow limits about -2.0 C.

The work at the two stations included 2 CTDs, an ice collection at station 57, and an ROV under ice survey at station 58. A 1-m MOCNESS tow was taken some distance from 57 when ice conditions had become suitable for towing. This tow was originally scheduled for station 56, moved to 57, and then delayed again because the pack ice was too thick to permit towing. The towyoing of BIOMAPER-II between these stations was also abbreviated because of the pack ice, but some portion of all the transect lines was sampled. Seabirds and marine mammals were surveyed during daylight periods when the visibility permitted. One sonobuoy was deployed.

During the evening, the L.M. Gould was working in the vicinity of survey grid station 58 and a rendezvous was arranged to allow for an exchange of scientific supplies and equipment after the Palmer completed the station work. This included spare nets for the Palmer’s MOCNESS, live animals freshly caught by the Gould for experimental work by Dezhang Chu on the Palmer, some preserving fluid in short supply on the Palmer, and a replacement monitor for the Gould’s scintillation counter. In addition, with the two ships positioned bow to stern, the Palmer’s personnel carrier and crane on the bow was used to transport several individuals to the Gould, so that an exchange of information could take place regarding what had been learned by the two groups thus far and what plans there were for cooperative efforts during the second portion of the cruise. The two ships parted ways around 2300 when the Palmer began the transit to survey station 59.

May 1: A primary mission on the Southern Ocean GLOBEC survey cruises is to map the distribution of krill in the fall and winter periods as part of the effort to increase our understanding of how these animals survive during the ice covered winter period when water column primary production comes to a halt. One aspect of this is the identification of “krill hot spots”, places where the krill occur in super abundance in dense patches or layers. During the first cruise in austral fall of last year, the broad-scale survey encountered two areas within the grid area that were designated “krill hot spots”. One was in Laubeuf Fjord in the northern end of Marguerite Bay and the other was in the shoal areas off the northwest coast of Alexander Island. This year, while the areas in Laubeuf Fjord sampled by the Palmer had krill present, they were not in the numbers that would make the area a “hot spot”. On 1 May, we surveyed the first portion of the other region around stations 60 and 61. Last year at this time, station 61 was clogged with icebergs and it was thought that the icebergs were grounded and would be there for a long time (weeks to months at the least). We thought of the place as a graveyard for the icebergs. However, when we came back to the location after completing the grid, the place was cleared out and only a few icebergs were left. But the name, “the graveyard” stuck and this time around, the location has lived up to its name. Scattered throughout the station area were many icebergs, although they were not packed in as tightly as they were last year. This was also a place where we came across numerous seals, some whales, and lots of sea birds. This time it was the same for the seals and seabirds. The high frequency acoustics revealed a very strong scattering layer between 170 and 260 m that was very krill-like. On small flat topped chunks of ice were seals laying in sleep and a number were sighted in the water. So this “krill hot spot”appeared to be alive and well for a second year.

A particularly large group of icebergs were grounded right next to station 61. The Palmer moved gingerly through them to get to the station location. Crabeater seals were at the base of one of the icebergs and others were so close together that only narrow passages existed between them. Each had a unique blue/white coloration and scores of caves and cracks. A swell was running in the area and as it came up against the behemoths, huge surges were created and breaking waves that sometimes crested their tops some 50 to 100 feet above the sea surface.

The weather on 1 May remained pretty benign, but overcast with dark clouds above. Only on the horizon was there the light of the sun peaking through to the north. The clouds again shrouded the mountains of Alexander Island only exposing their flanks and the tremendous ice piedmont leading down to waters edge. During the day, snow fell on and off and the visibility varied accordingly. The wind speed stayed between 15 and 25 kts out of the east throughout the day and the barometer stayed high (990.4 mlb at 1345). Air temperature continued to vary in a narrow range (-1 to -2 C).

Work was completed at station 59, 60, 61 and 62, including 4 CTD’s, and an APOP cast and a MOCNESS tow at station 62. Seabirds and marine mammals were surveyed during daylight periods when the visibility permitted and BIOMAPER-II was deployed on the transits between stations. Two sonobuoys were again deployed.

May 2: On 2 May, the SO GLOBEC broad-scale survey nearly reached the seaward end of line 8. A large topographic feature off the continental shelf that has raised bottom depths lies centered just to the northwest of this survey line. The feature is thought to contribute to the meandering in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current in this region and perhaps to the development of the intrusions of oceanic water onto the shelf that make it into Marguerite Bay. To assist in understanding the dynamics of the currents in this area, the spacing of stations 64 to 70, which run from the edge of the continental shelf out to the deep ocean, was reduced to between 5 and 8 nm instead of the more usual 21 nm. On 2 May, sampling was done at five of these stations - 63, 64, 65, 66, and 67.

The day was dark and gray, with intermittent snow and fog in the morning. The afternoon was clearer with light winds continuing to be the norm (about 10 kts out of the northwest) and a calm sea. The barometer climbed during the day to 1002.7 mlb, the highest reading yet since leaving Punta Arenas. Air temperatures varied between -0.6 and -1.8 C. There had been remarkably little fluctuation in the air temperatures since arriving in the study site.

The work at the stations included 4 CTD’s, one each at stations 63, 64, 65, 66, and a drop of an XBT at station 67 (attempts to deploy XCTDs failed because of electrical problems with the probes and cabling). An APOP cast was conducted at station 66 and a 1-m ring net surface tow was taken at stations 63 and 66. During the transits between stations, BIOMAPER-II was towyoed to below 200 m, and seabird and marine mammal observations were made during daylight when the visibility permitted. Two sonobuoys were deployed along the trackline.

May 3: The N.B.Palmer began work on 3 May out in the deep ocean beyond the continental shelf. A half-moon with its light filtered by high thin clouds in the late night and pre-dawn held sway until the sun rose, shining through a lower broken cloud layer. Winds during the late night were around 12 kts out of the southwest and the barometer was rising well above the 1000 mlb mark (something that seems to happen very infrequently) as a large high pressure region moved in over the survey area. By mid-morning, the barometer had reached a high of 1007 mlb. Winds throughout the day remained in the 10 to 25 kt range, but the air temperature dropped from -1.8 in the morning down to -7.0 C in the late evening, making work on the deck somewhat less comfortable.

Work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 68, 69, 70, and 71 including 4 CTDs and one XCTD, a 1-m ring net tow at station 70, and an APOP cast and a MOCNESS tow at station 71. An XCTD was cast at station 69, while the ship remained underway. The transits between stations 68 to 70 were short ones (5 to 8 nm), because they were part of the high resolution physical survey described above. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between all of the stations including the long 36 nm run between stations 70 and 71, which took over 7 hours. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and one sonobuoy was deployed during the transit to station 71.

May 4: On 4 May, the N.B. Palmer was working along the middle of the continental shelf on survey line 9. The seas remained moderate. The clouds were thicker than yesterday, but higher and the visibility was good. The mountains of Alexander Island and Rothschild Island could be seen a good portion of the day at distances 40 to 50 miles away. Only the tips of Alexander Island were hidden by the clouds. Winds stayed in the 15 to 25 kt range during the day changing direction slightly from southwest to more southerly (184). The barometric pressure fell slowly from its high yesterday of 1007 down to 1002.5 mlb at 1634. Air temperatures were decidedly colder and were mostly below - 6 C (at 1634 the air temperature was -7.0 C). It was not until reaching station 74 that sea ice appeared while coming in on survey line 9. It first appeared as grease ice and then quickly became small pancakes followed by shuga with larger older floes. Icebergs were present off in the distance in all directions. During the evening steam towards station 75, large icebergs became more plentiful and the Palmer had to detour around one giant, which was right on the trackline. Also during the steam, the skies cleared and for the first time in a number of days, stars were visible.

Just after 1600, the fire alarm went off. This time it was a drill. Within a few minutes all in the scientific party had appeared at the muster station ready, if necessary to abandon ship. There were quite a few sleepy faces of those on the 12 midnight to 12 noon watch who had been awoken by the alarm. The drill ended with everyone signing the bridge book before leaving the 03 level lounge.

Work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 72, 73, and 74 including 3 CTDs, a MOCNESS tow at station 73, and a 1-m ring net tow and an APOP cast at station 74. BIOMAPER-II was in for only a portion of the transits between stations because of a ground fault problem with the Environmental Sensing System. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and two sonobuoys were deployed during the transit to station 74.

May 5: The N.B. Palmer was working the inshore sections of survey lines 9 and 10 on 5 May just off shore of Lazarev Bay and very close to the Bongrain Ice Piedmont on Alexander Island. Early in the morning, the sky was overcast with the clouds low enough to again hide most of the mountains of Alexander and Rothschild Island. The pack ice along the track line was composed of open leads with old floes, brash ice, and new ice. There were many big and small icebergs about and the curves in the ship’s track reflected the need to maneuver around them. There was a pastel color to the sky and clouds where the sun came up close to 1000. The clouds cleared overhead towards the end of the day allowing for a lovely sunset, which took place strikingly behind a cloud layer as a filter and a very large iceberg in front. The clouds were luminous with the last rays of the day backlighting them.

The weather continued to hold and working conditions were very good. Wind speeds ranged from 4 to 10 kts in the predawn period to 15 to 20 kts during the day. The Palmer was far enough into the pack ice so that any swell motion was damped out. The barometer did a slow decline from 998.6 mlb just after midnight to a low of 990 mlb around 1700 before beginning to climb again. Air temperature varied between -4.5 and -9.6 C. Sea surface temperature was at the freezing mark (-1.788 C) and new sea ice was forming rapidly given the cold air temperatures and relative calm. Salinity was 33.204 psu.

The tedium of the seemingly endless sequence of station work and steaming was broken by a celebration of Cinco de Maio in the late evening of 5 May. A pinata filled with goodies was created by Gaelin Rosenwaks with help from others, and music and plenty of Mexican food was on hand. The penata was finished off at midnight with hefty wacks by Romeo Lariviere and Amy Kukulya, followed by a mad scramble to get the rewards. The planning committee led by Ana Sirovic did a great job as did Theresa Wisner who made all the special Mexican treats.

Work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 75, 76, and 77 including 3 CTDs, a MOCNESS tow, an attempted ROV under ice survey and ice collection at station 76, and a 1-m ring net tow and an APOP cast at station 77. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between all of the stations. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and a sonobuoy was deployed during the transit to between stations 76 and 77.

May 6: May 6th was a day of transition for the continental shelf waters off of Alexander Island. The cold temperatures of the past several days combined with sea surface temperatures right around the freezing point (-1.79 C) set the stage for a rapid set up of sea ice almost all the way to the edge of the continental shelf. Sea ice had been a common element of the work at the stations closest to shore, but on the transits along survey lines 8 and 9, there was mostly open water once away from the inner most stations. But on the run out to the edge of the shelf on survey line 10, newly formed sea ice was with us nearly all the way to outermost station (80). This transition was no doubt aided by the low winds of the past week as the area had been dominated by high pressure.

The 6^th of May was also notable for the remarkably clear skies that stayed the day. Although early morning found the Palmer some 60 nm from land, the mountains of Alexander Island could be seen in the distance silhouetted in the predawn light. Later in the day with the Palmer further offshore, they were still cloud free and cloaked in white. Visibility was excellent. Winds were somewhat fresher varying from 18 to 25 kts predominantly out of the southwest. The barometer again rose above the 1000 mlb mark reaching a high of 1003.2 mlb about 2100. Air temperatures varied between -9.0 and -5.0 C. There were clear skies overhead during the evening enabling the myriads of stars to be seen, a decidedly uncommon event this cruise.

Work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 78, 79, 80 and 81 including 4 CTDs, an ice collection at station 78 and a 1-m ring net tow at station 80. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between all of the stations. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and two sonobuoys were deployed during the transit between stations 79 and 80.

May 7: The count down started at this station as the end of the third Southern Ocean GLOBEC broad-scale survey was in sight. On 7 May, the Palmer worked from near the outer end of survey line 11 to the inner most station, leaving only two relatively short survey lines to go. The weather continued to treat us nicely in the sense that it was another day of relatively moderate winds, except for a period in the early evening when they picked up and there were gusts to 30 kts. This was about the time the ROV was to be deployed. For the most part, however, wind speeds were 18 to 21 kts or lower. The barometer readings fell during the day from 1000.5 mlb around 0130 to 987 mlb in the late evening and the clear skies of yesterday gave way to a heavy dark overcast. There was snow during the morning and poor visibility. The snow ended before noon, but a heavy overcast remained. Air temperatures varied between -5.7 C to -2.5 C. Sea surface temperature was -1.794 C and salinity was 33.120 psu on the inner shelf during the approach to station 84.

On May 7, work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 82, 83, and 84. Four CTD casts were made (two at station 84). The ring nets, which were towed from the starboard side of the Palmer, became very difficult in the pack ice, but a 1-m ring net tow for surface zooplankton and a 1-m Reeve net tow for live animals were completed at station 82. A MOCNESS tow was completed at station 83 and an ice collection was made at station 84. An APOP cast was also done at station 84 using animals caught with the Reeve net. An ROV under ice survey, scheduled for station 84, was scrubbed because the ice was too thin and the wind too strong (gusts up to 30 kts) to hold the ship in place without significant use of the ship’s thrusters. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between all of the stations. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and 2 sonobuoys were deployed during the transit to stations 83 and 84.

May 8: The N.B. Palmer had reached the most southern portion of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC broad-scale survey on 8 May and was working on the 12th of 13 survey lines. The work began well before dawn at station 85 about 20 miles from Charcot Island and the Wilkins Ice shelf. The station location where the work was done was about 3 miles short of the intended location because the area was clogged with a tremendous cluster of grounded icebergs (water depths were typically 200 to 300 meters) that were surrounded by sea ice. The ship could not make the intended location in a reasonable period of time.

The skies on 8 May were crystal clear and the peaks of Charcot Island stood out to the southeast of the station. The transits to the other two stations of the day were done for the most part while the sun was above the horizon and provided unprecedented opportunities to see mammoth icebergs seemingly within arms reach. One was estimated to be more than 70 m (210') tall. For much of the morning, the Palmer had to thread its way around the bergs and moved through open patches of freshly iced over leads interspersed with year old ice floes. As indicated, the weather together with the scene made it, perhaps, the most beautiful day yet of the cruise. Winds were around 10 kts out of the south in the morning, picked up into the low 20's in late afternoon, and then dropped to 10-15 kts in the evening. During the day the barometer fluctuated between 981 to 989 mlb and the air temperature hovered between -11 and -13 C. Even with the relatively light winds, the wind chill was such that when working on the deck, it felt bitterly cold.

On May 8, work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 85, 86, and 87. CTD casts were made at each of these stations. An ROV under ice survey and an ice collection were done at station 85, and a 1-m ring net tow for surface zooplankton was done at 87. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between all of the stations. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and 2 sonobuoys were deployed during the transit to stations 87 and 88.

May 9: The N.B. Palmer made its last foray out to the edge of the Western Antarctic continental shelf off of Charcot Island during 9 May before turning back to shore on the final survey line (#13). Although the massive icebergs were left behind, the sea ice was with us all the way out to the shelf break, but for the most part it was new ice and did not hamper the work on station or the towyoing of BIOMAPER-II. The exception was the use of the 1-m nets, which could only be towed vertically for surface zooplankton because the ice conditions prevented an oblique tow.

The weather continued to be unbelievably clear and cloud free, with moderate winds. Working conditions were very good, except for the cutting cold air. The barometric pressure peaked in the late night of 8/9 May around 999 mlb and then decreased slowly during the day reaching 992 mlb near midnight. Winds stayed mostly in the 14 to 18 kt range and air temperatures ranged from -11 to -15 C.

On May 9, work was completed at broad-scale survey stations 88, 89, and 90. CTD casts were made at each of these stations. A 1-m Reeve net tow was done at station 88 and 1-m ring net was towed for surface zooplankton at station 90. Both nets were towed vertically because ice conditions prevented an oblique tow. The ROV was successfully deployed at station 88 for an under ice survey for krill. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between all of the stations. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and 2 sonobuoys were deployed during the transit to stations 89 and 90.

May 10: Some 27 days after starting the broad-scale sampling on the Southern Ocean GLOBEC survey grid, the last two stations were reached and sampled on 10 May. At midnight on the 10^th, the N.B. Palmer had traveled 2544 nm (5596 km) since leaving Punta Arenas, Chile. There was a great deal of joy and satisfaction that the continuous around the clock effort had been completed and with excellent results. The scientific party, the Raytheon technical support group, and the Officers and Crew of the N.B. Palmer did a great job in seeing the grid completed.

The transit along survey line 13 to stations 91 and 92 was entirely in the pack ice, although it was fairly new and not difficult ice to work in. And it was another day of clear, cloud free skies and moderate winds. The barometric pressure, which decreased to a low of 992 mlb around midnight of 8/9 May began slowly rising during the day and reached a high of the day around midnight of 1000.7 mlb. Winds were out of the south and below 20 kts most of the day. They dropped to around 5 kts late at night. Air temperatures remained quite cold, ranging between -15.5 C to -12.6 C.

On May 10, the work completed at broad-scale survey stations 91 and 92, included 2 CTD casts, one at each of the stations. A MOCNESS tow was taken at station 92 along with an ROV under ice survey and an ice collection. BIOMAPER-II was in for transits between the stations. Seabird and marine mammal surveys took place during the daylight period and 1 sonobuoy was deployed during the long transit between stations 92 and 51 on the way back to Marguerite Bay.

Following the completion of the sampling, the Palmer set a course to the northeast following a set of way points designed to provide new SeaBeam bathymetry data along a path that approximated the zone in which the highest krill layers and patches were found. It also was across areas where deep uncharted canyons (> 1000 m) were believed to exit.

With the grid completed, a number of tasks that needed to be done before reaching port came into focus. During the past 24 hours, a chart of the survey region and points north as far as Palmer station was up in the main lab for individuals in the scientific party to express their ideas about where and what they wished to do with the remaining ship time. These ideas were consolidated into concrete geographical positions and activities, and a draft of the plan was presented at the science meeting held at 2300 in the 03 lounge. Most of the scientific party and Captain Joe and Chief Engineer J. Pierce were able to make the meeting because at this hour most individuals on the different watches were up. The stated desires for post-grid work involved a number of locations north of Alexander Island, including inside Marguerite Bay, beyond the entrance to the Bay, in the Marguerite trough west of Adelaide Island, along survey line 2, and in Crystal Sound north of Adelaide Island. A plan was developed that included essentially all of the requests and also left plenty of time to make it back to Punta Arenas, Chile on the prescribed day.

May 11: With the grid completed and a new work plan in place that called for most of the scientific activities to take place at least 120 nm northeast of the last grid station (92), a good portion of 11 May was spent steaming to get to the first of the new locations (survey station 51) under gorgeous picture taking conditions. The trackline chosen for the run to station 51 followed the inner shelf to the west of the Wilkins Ice shelf, Rothschild Island, and Alexander Island. The nighttime portion of the steam took the Palmer through the same set of icebergs that we traveled through a few days earlier. They were massive, sculptured, and shadowy in the bright search lights used to look ahead that illuminated them. Occasionally, we steamed through small pools of open water on their down wind sides, presumably a result of the ice pack moving faster than the icebergs themselves, which may have been grounded.

First light came about 0830, although the sun did not rise for another 2 hours. The brilliant red on the horizon silhouetted the mountains of Alexander Island and also the icebergs ahead of the ship that rose as black forms above the pack ice. During the morning, SeaBeam bathymetry data were collected over a deep (>1200 m) uncharted portion of a canyon, which was about 5 nm across and lay offshore of Lazarev Bay (the bay lies between Rothschild Island and Alexander Island). The steep sides of the canyon rose on the northeast side to depths of around 140 m.

The trackline went over ocean areas that only a week or so ago were ice free and were now completely iced over. Knowledgeable ice observers on board gave credit for the rapid sea ice build up to the remarkably clear, cold, and relatively windless period that we have been experiencing for the past week. The process may also have been assisted by the fact that the winds that did exist were from the south/southwest and these were pushing exiting pack ice to the northeast. During the day, the winds were again out of the south (200 degrees) and stayed below about 12 kts. Air temperature stayed down around -11 C and the barometer continued to rise slowly; for most of the day it was above 1001 mlb.

Late in the afternoon, the Palmer reached station 51 and BIOMAPER-II was deployed for a “pickup” run to station 50. This portion of survey line 7 and a portion of line 6 were not sampled because of equipment problems. Thus, part of the post-grid work plan involved collecting data on some of the missed survey line sections. At station 50 around 2130, BIOMAPER-II was recovered and the Palmer began the steam to another missed section beginning at station 43 and running to station 41. During the daylight transiting, seabird and mammal observations were made and 1 sonobuoy was deployed along the trackline. There was no over-the-side CTD work for the first time in a number of weeks.

May 12: On 12 May, the Palmer was back working in the central portion of Marguerite Bay under weather conditions that had changed some. The day was overcast and the mountains of Adelaide Island to our north were obscured, but clear skies eventually developed to the south giving us another wonderful view of the mountains of Alexander Island. The barometer continued its slow climb, which started yesterday, and reached a high of over 1007 mlb in the late evening. Winds were generally light (< 10 kts) out of the southwest to west for the entire day and temperatures varied between -8 and -9 C. The ice in this portion of the Bay became less thick and was more newly formed, presenting no difficulties for doing towyoing or CTDs.

BIOMAPER-II was deployed at station 43 and then towyoed along survey line 6 to station 41. From there, the Palmer steamed to a location further in Marguerite Bay (68 15.783S; 68 59.683W) where a series of CTD casts were made to conduct studies of FRRF performance during a daylight period, and to obtain a nutrient profile for comparison with previous measurements made inside the Bay on this cruise. We intended to do a 1-m Reeve Net tow to collect live krill for an APOP cast with freshly caught animals, but this proved impossible given the pack ice conditions. So an APOP calibration cast to 205 m was done instead. After completing the work at this station, the Palmer steamed to the location of Station 28 where an ROV under ice survey was done under pancake ice slabs that were interspersed with open water areas. At the end of the ROV survey, BIOMAPER-II was deployed again for a towyo to station 27. This was another section that was not done during the survey, but deemed important to get because of the strategic location of the section relative to the coastal current running along the west coast of Adelaide Island. Seabird and marine mammal observations continued to be made along the tracklines during daylight and 2 sonobuoys were deployed, one between stations 43 and 41, and the other between the MBCTD station and station 28. Thus, the second day of the post-grid work proceeded as planned.

May 13: On 13 May, the Palmer was working most of the day in the survey grid area off of Adelaide Island. The weather continued to be a minimal factor in the over-the-side operations as a result of the large high pressure system that continued to dominate the region. In fact, the barometric pressure, which had already been unusually high, climbed a bit higher. Around 0015, it was 1006.4 mlb and by late evening it was at 1008.6 mlb. Winds were in the 10 to 15 kts range out of the south before dawn and then during the day increased to around 25 to 30 kts. In places where there was little sea ice along the trackline, the swell started to build and there was actually some motion to the ship. In the evening, the winds had diminished marginally to between 22 and 25 kts. Air temperature remained in the -8 to -9 C range all day.

The four principal activities on 13 May were: 1) completion of a the third “pickup” BIOMAPER-II section between stations 28 and 27, 2) a MOCNESS tow at station 26, which was missed due to stormy weather when work on survey line 5 was being done earlier in the cruise, 3) the starting of a CTD section up the middle of Marguerite Trough, and 4) a survey of the bathymetry around mooring location A3. The BIOMAPER-II towyo took place in the late night period and the MOCNESS tow took place in the early morning after the Palmer steamed from station 27 to 26. After the first three of the five planned CTD stations were completed during the mid-day and evening, the Palmer deviated from the course line along the Marguerite trough to steam west to circle the A3 mooring site gathering SeaBeam bathymetry data just before midnight. The bathymetry data are needed by the physical oceanographers to help interpret and model the current meter and other data acquired by sensors on the mooring during the year long period of data acquisition, which ended in February 2002. Thus, the third day of the post grid work was completed as scheduled and with no complications.

May 14: On 14 May, the Palmer was again working for a good portion of the day in the survey grid area off to the northwest of Adelaide Island. It was another day of fine weather and good sea conditions. High atmospheric pressure dominated the region and the barometer recorded the highest readings yet on the cruise - 1012.4 mlb in the mid-afternoon. Winds were low to moderate - 13 to 15 kts in the morning and less than 10 kts in the afternoon and evening. The air temperature stayed between -7 and -8 C. Some low broken clouds were over head during the day with patches of blue sky and to the east were the mountains of Adelaide Island and also the mountains on the Islands north of Adelaide Island sometimes brilliant in the rays of a low angled sun. During a good portion of the morning, there was no sea ice and the sea surface temperatures were around -1.4 to -1-1 C when the ice was not present. As we came into the coastal current region near shore on survey line 2, the pack ice reappeared and the sea surface temperature dropped accordingly.

The activities on 14 May consisted of completing the last two CTDs along the transect down the axis of the Marguerite Trough started on 13 May, re-doing the towyo section with BIOMAPER-II from station 10 to station 8 on survey line 2, doing a new BIOMAPER-II run from station 6 into Crystal Sound looking for krill, and deploying a sonobuoy during the transit between stations 10 and 8. The first BIOMAPER-II towyo took place from early morning to early afternoon. During the transit, a series of XBT’s were dropped in the vicinity of station 9, a place where water of anomalous temperature indicating offshore origin had previously been seen. The second towyo started in the early evening after steaming over to station 6 and lasted until mid-evening. During the second section, large patches of krill were surveyed in the vicinity of the Matha Strait leading into Crystal Sound. We had expected to see the krill concentrations there, thanks to the information that Meng Zhou, working aboard the L.M. Gould, had supplied during the previous 36 hours. When the Palmer reached the end of the section in Crystal Sound with no significant concentrations of krill present, the decision was made to steam back to the krill patch location. Work at the Crystal Sound station began there about midnight.

May 15: The final day of post survey grid sampling took place in Crystal Sound, which lies just north of Adelaide and Laird Islands. The scenery in Crystal Sound was spectacular. Tall mountains on the northern end of Adelaide and on Laird Island and then beyond on the Antarctic Peninsula proper ring the southern and eastern end of the sound. Lower mountains of Lavoisier and a series of smaller islands lay to the north. First light happened around 0800 and that was when we could begin to see the outlines of the mountains and the red hues coloring the few clouds on the horizon where the sun would make its appearance. The weather was great all day with bright sun and clouds only on horizon, and winds mostly less than 10 kts out of the southwest. Right towards dusk, clouds began to move in from the north and as night closed in, the clouds began to obscure the mountains. The steaming for Palmer Station began about 1800 with the barometer beginning to fall from a high around 1007 mlb in the early morning and the winds picking up. In the late evening, the barometer had dropped to 1003.5 and the winds were around 30 kts out of the southwest. The air temperature warmed during the day from a morning low of -7 C to an evening high of -1.8 C.

The work on 15 May consisted of doing a Reeve net tow just after midnight to catch live krill for use in an APOP cast, which was done shortly after. This was followed by a MOCNESS tow and a CTD in the vicinity of the krill patch. A nearby location with pack ice was chosen for the last ROV under ice survey. After that the sea bird observers began a search from the bridge for a site in which to use the zodiac to go and find Penguins returning from feeding to their haul out locations in order to do “diet sampling”. A decision was made for the Palmer to steam over to a set of small islands, the Barcroft Islands, that were known for being the site of a penguin colony (These islands and several others south of Lavoisier Island are named after noted scientists who have conducted cold climate or ice research). The “penguin seekers” left in the zodiac shortly before noon. The Palmer then moved a mile or two so that a sonobuoy could be deployed to listen for marine mammal sounds while the ship lay doing the calibration work with BIOMAPER-II and APOP back at the position where the zodiac was dropped off (The reason for deploying the sonobuoy at a distance is because of the noise generated by the ship totally obscures most biological sounds). The afternoon was spent doing the BIOMAPER-II and the APOP acoustic calibrations in succession. About 1600, the bird observers returned from a very successful trip (14 penguins sampled). And after the APOP calibration was finished about 1800, the N.B. Palmer got underway for Palmer Station.

Although, there was still some more work to be accomplished on the steam back to Punta Arenas, Chile, the work in Crystal Sound marked the end of the data collection for many in the scientific party.

May 16_17 : On 16 May, the N.B. Palmer arrived in Arthur Harbor on Anvers Island where the Palmer Station is located just before noon after a 16 hour steam from Crystal Sound. Since the dock was too small and the water too shallow to tie up at the Station, the ship held station in the harbor. Joe Pettit, the Palmer Station Director, came by zodiac out to the ship about 1300 to issue a welcome and to brief us on the ins and outs of the Station. During the stay, several zodiac trips were arranged to enable the scientists on board to visit small islands near the station on which there were seals and penguins that could be viewed up close (Torgersen and Humble Islands) and the wreck of an Argentine cruise ship that went down in late 1980's next to DeLaca and Janus Islands. It did so when upon leaving Arthur Harbor, it took a “shortcut” through a channel that was poorly charted and too shoal. On Torgersen Island, there were a number of fur and elephant seals, one Weddell seal, and about 16 penguins, and Humble Island had a number of elephant seals. A more regular shuttle service was set up to enable N.B. Palmer personnel to visit the station and become familiar with the activities there. In addition, it afforded the opportunity to do a short hike by climbing a small glacier that has its base a few hundred meters from Palmer Station. In the early evening, the N.B. Palmer hosted many of the residents of Palmer Station at a barbeque dinner and then later in the evening, many on the ship went to the Station to socialize.

The weather during the day was not wonderful; it was cloudy with on and off light snow or drizzle. Winds were around 20 kts out of the southwest, but the temperature was around -0.7 C, the warmest it had been in quite a few days. The barometric pressure continued to drop from 1000.6 mlb in the morning to 995.9 mlb around midnight.

The N.B. Palmer left Palmer Station in the early morning hours of 17 May on a course that took us back to Punta Arenas, Chile via the inland passage. This route went first through the Bismark Strait along the southern side of Anvers Island and then along the Gerlache strait. To the northwest of this strait were Brabant and Liege Islands. To the east was the Danco Coast, the Arctowski Pennisula, and the Forbidden Plateau. All were snow and ice covered with ice cliffs at the waters edge. Sea ice and icebergs occurred sporadically. The last point of land as we steamed through the Boyd Strait was Intercurrence Island at the end of the Palmer Archipelago. Although somewhat longer than the more direct route from Arthur Harbor out across the continental shelf, it was selected because marine mammal observation opportunities were enhanced and it is a beautiful passage. Furthermore, there was a great deal of work to be done on the deck and the passage afforded the protected waters needed to complete the work before running into the usual high wind and seas of the Drake Passage. One of the major tasks was to end-for-end the electro-optical cable used to tow BIOMAPER-II. The towing end of the cable had experienced a great deal of wear during the first three Southern Ocean GLOBEC broad-scale cruises and strands of the outer armor were beginning to break. Reversing the wire, put unused wire on the front line and the worn wire where it would not experience additional wear. The end-for-ending was done by laying the more than 600 m of cable in a figure eight on the deck and then winding the cable back on the winch drum in reverse. This sounds simple, but in fact it was a hard job that took most of the day and was done with great care by MTs Jenny White and Steve Tarrent, and BIOMAPER-II group members Phil Taisey, Gaelin Rosenwaks, Amy Kukulya, and Andy Girard.

As anticipated, the Gerlache strait afforded Deb Glascow a great opportunity to observe several groups of whales, as reported below, in spite of the weather. In the morning, there was a light snow and low thick clouds, but low winds (< 10 kts). Visibility for a while was quite poor, but during the day it improved and there was even a bit of sunlight for a short time. But the barometer continued to drop from 987.6 mlb around 0900 to 980.4 mlb around 2330 and the winds picked up to the low 20 kts by close of day. The air temperature varied between -2.3 to -0.4 C.

May 18_21: By mid-day on 18 May, we were well out into the Drake Passage. The seas were rough for a while on the southern portion of the passage with winds in the 30 to 35 kt range, but later in the northen reaches, the winds dropped into the mid-20 kt range and the ride improved. The CTD group dropped XCTDs, and XBTs at 10 nm intervals once beyond the 2000 m contour after leaving Boyd Strait early on the 18^th of May. Seabeam bathymetry, ADCP, and along track meteorological and sea surface water properties were also measured. Most of this data collection ceased when the 200 nm limit of Argentina was reached late on the 18^th. From there, the Palmer steamed to the Estrecho del la Maire on the southern end of Argentina, reaching there around midnight on the 19^th. Then on the 20^th, the ship moved up along the eastern Argentine coast to the entrance to the Magellan straits. After picking up a pilot, the final leg of this cruise was along the Magellan straits to Punta, Arenas, Chile, which we reached around 0800 on 21 May.

This cruise has been very successful, having sampled at all of the survey grid stations and at a number of ancillary locations as well, in spite of encountering pack ice and icebergs that proved quite challenging. Some work that had to be dropped because of bad weather or equipment problems was later picked up and some special projects that could only be done after the grid was completed, such as the penguin diet sampling, were successfully accomplished. The success of this cruise owes much to the incredible competence, skill, and great attitude of the Raytheon technical support group. The Officers and crew of the N.B. Palmer also provided superb assistance.

1.0 Report for Hydrography, Circulation, and Meteorology Component (John Klinck, Tim Boyer, Chris MacKay, Julian Ashford, Andres Sepulveda, Kristin Cobb)

The primary goals of the U.S. Southern Ocean GLOBEC program are to elucidate circulation processes and their effect on sea ice formation and Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) distribution and to examine the factors that govern Antarctic krill survivorship and availability to higher trophic levels, including penguins, seals and whales. Consequently, a primary objective of this third U.S. SO GLOBEC broad-scale survey cruise (NBP02-02) was to provide a description of the water mass distributions and circulation on the west Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) continental shelf in the vicinity of Marguerite Bay, as well as measuring surface fluxes and microstructure, both of which modify water properties.

Historical hydrographic data for this region are limited, particularly during times other than austral summer. However, these data show that the water masses in the area consist of Antarctic Surface Water (AASW) in the upper 100 to 120 m, a cold Winter Water (WW) at 80 to 120 m and a modified (cooled) form of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) that covers the shelf below the permanent pycnocline (typically from 150 to 400 m). UCDW, which is the oceanic water that is the source of the modified water on the WAP shelf, is found in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current over the continental slope and offshore at depths of 200 to 600 m. Thus, the first objective of the hydrographic component is to fully describe the water mass distribution on the WAP continental shelf. This objective also includes documenting the water structure changes from the previous two SO GLOBEC regional surveys, which covered fall and winter of last year (2001).

Circulation in the study area had not been measured directly before the SO GLOBEC program, so it is inferred from the limited hydrographic observations. These suggest a clockwise gyre on the shelf near Marguerite Bay as well as onshore movement of UCDW across the shelf break at specific sites in the study area. The previous two survey cruises have found evidence of this shelf gyre and intrusion of oceanic UCDW. The details of this circulation, and its spatial and temporal variability, remain to be clarified. Thus, the second object of the hydrographic component is to provide a description of the large-scale circulation of this portion of the WAP shelf. Ship mounted Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurement are monitored by the hydrographic group. The resulting circulation will be compared to drifter, current meter measurements as well as circulation derived from theoretical models.

Upward diffusive flux of heat and salt are thought to maintain the salinity of the surface layers and to limit the amount of ice that forms and its duration. The magnitude of turbulent kinetic energy in this region was surveyed for the first time with a newly developed instrument (CMiPS) that measures rapid changes in pressure, conductivity, and temperature. This profiling microstructure sensor was attached to the CTD, and sampled small-scale water property variations at all but the deepest stations. Exchange of heat and water with the atmosphere, as well as solar heating, change the water properties near the sea surface. The ship carries a suite of optical and meteorological instruments that are used to estimate the heat and freshwater fluxes at the surface during the cruise. A further effort of the hydrographic group was to oversee the collection of these observations and to provide estimates of surface fluxes.

The hydrographic data were collected from individual stations aligned in across-shelf transects perpendicular to a baseline parallel to the coast. The basic survey grid (Figure 2) consists of thirteen across-shelf transects at 40 km separation. On each transect, stations were established approximately every 40 km, which produced 92 stations over the grid. Some stations were moved or added to provide additional detail or to avoid land. The stations were occupied from north to south along the shelf starting at the northern offshore station (Station 1).

Of the original survey grid, station 32 was not occupied as it was within a cluster of islands in a region in which bathymetry is not well known. Stations 56, 57 and 85 could not be reached because of heavy ice cover, but CTD casts were done as close as possible, typically within 3 nm of the station. At three locations (stations 9-10, 20-21 and 50-51), XBT were used to increase the density of temperature measurements.

After the survey grid was occupied, additional CTD casts were made in Marguerite Bay, to investigate possible changes in nutrient properties during the cruise, and along the axis of the Marguerite Trough, to

better define water exchange that might be occurring. A final station, including a CTD cast, was done in Crystal Sound in pursuit of krill, penguins, and whales.

The primary instrument used for hydrographic measurements was a SeaBird 911+ Niskin/Rosette conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor system. The CTD included dual sensors for temperature and conductivity. Other sensors mounted on the CTD Rosette measured dissolved oxygen concentration, optical transmission (water clarity), fluorescence, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Most CTD casts descended to within 5 m of the bottom. At stations less than 500 m deep, a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF) was mounted on the Rosette. At many deeper stations, a second cast was made to 100 m to get a FRRF profile (no bottles were closed on these casts). At most stations, a new CTD-mountable Microstructure Profiling system (CMiPS) was also mounted on the Rosette. In all, 107 CTD casts were made (see Appendix 2 for details).

The 24-place Rosette was equipped with 10-liter Niskin bottles. For most casts, 23 bottles were used (the FRRF replaced the bottle in slot 23). The number of discrete water samples varied with different stations (for details see Appendix 3). Water samples were taken at the surface, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 50, 75 and 100 m. Other samples were taken at the oxygen minimum, the bottom, and at other interesting features below the pycnocline. The remaining bottles were distributed uniformly to get good coverage of sub-pycnocline nutrients.

Water samples were taken from these bottles for several purposes. Some samples were used to measure salinity and oxygen as a check on the CTD sensors. A water sample was taken from each bottle to measure nutrients (as described below). Samples from near-surface bottles were taken to measure chlorophyll and primary production. On a few occasions, large volumes were taken from near surface samples for genetic studies.

The two conductivity sensors on the CTD were used to calculate independently salinity, labeled S0 and S1. These values, at times when the bottles are closed, were compared to reveal any differential drift in the conductivity cells over the period of the cruise (Figure 3a). The sensors were in good agreement over the entire cruise period; the mean different was 0.0033 and the standard deviation was 0.029.

The two temperature sensors on the CTD, labeled T0 and T1, were also compared. No differential drift was evident over the period of the cruise (Figure 3b). The mean difference was -0.00056 and the standard deviation was 0.016.

The accuracy of the conductivity sensors was determined from water samples taken from three Niskin bottles from each CTD cast on which bottles were tripped, amounting to about 320 samples. These samples were typically from the surface, the halocline, and the deepest depth reached by the CTD. Samples were allowed to reach room temperature, typically taking 12 to 24 hours; the salinity was determined by a laboratory salinometer.

Two Guildline Autosal (Model 8400B) laboratory salinometers on the RVIB N. B. Palmer were used to measure the conductivity ratio, standardized against Standard Seawater. A logging computer recorded these ratios and calculated salinity.

The salinity from the Autosal was compared to the salinity calculated from each conductivity cell on the CTD. These values were automatically recorded when the bottles were closed (found in the processed .btl files and detailed here in Appendix 4). The difference is plotted against Autosal sample numbers (which were assigned consecutively during the cruise and are proxies for time) to show any drift in the accuracy of the conductivity cells (Figure 4a). Accuracy was also plotted against depth (figure not shown) and against salinity (Figure 4b).

The mean difference between salinity S0 and the bottle salinity (Sb) was -0.0000115 with a standard deviation of 0.006. The mean difference between salinity S1 and Sb was -0.0000172 with a standard deviation of 0.006. These differences are very small in comparison with the accuracy of the CTD sensor (about 0.003). There was a trend for positive differences (higher CTD sensor values) towards the end of the cruise. This difference is very small and is likely due to one Autosal session during which there was a problem establishing a correct calibration of the Autosal with Standard Seawater.

The difference between each CTD sensor and bottle salinity as a function of CTD salinity (Figure 4b) showed a trend. The largest differences were found at intermediate salinities (between 33.9 and 34.6). These salinities were mostly found in the samples taken from the halocline, where salinity was changing rapidly. The distance between the bottle and the conductivity sensor (about 0.5 m) may account for some of the discrepancy. There may also have been incomplete flushing of the bottles in these high gradient regions. The differences are small in any case.

Water samples were taken for comparison with the dissolved oxygen sensor on the CTD. A total of 107 CTD casts were made that resulted in 353 water samples taken from 96 casts (Appendix 5). Water samples were not taken on short FRRF casts when the Niskin bottles were not closed.

Samples were analyzed on board usually within 48 hours of collection, using an automated amperometric oxygen titrator developed at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory. Four readings were lost when the titrator failed to reach an equilibrium.

After Cast 40 on 23 April, bubbles began to form in the samples taken. Tests were performed to see if the bubbles were due to air introduced during processing of samples. This possibility was eliminated, as well as other potential errors in sample collection, leaving the alternative that the gas in the bubbles was coming out of solution. We concluded that the problem probably lay with the fixing reagents; however, increasing the amount of fixing agents used did not improve matters. Of the 349 water samples, 136 had bubbles and 213 had no bubbles.

For the samples with no bubbles, comparison of the titrated oxygen values with the corresponding values from the oxygen sensor on the CTD showed a tight linear relationship (r2 = 0.987, see Figure 5). Examining the residuals, there were two outliers, and data for the practice cast (Cast 1) showed

marginally higher values than for subsequent casts. Without these data, a better fit was obtained (r2 = 0.995). The estimated linear relationship was:

The estimate for the intercept departed significantly from 0 (t-test, alpha = 0.05, df = 190), and the slope of the relationship also departed significantly from the expected value of 1, indicating that the titration and/or sensor data were biased.

Examining the possibility of bias in the titration data due to bubble formation, we found that data taken from a subset of the samples with bubbles departed little from the relationship estimated using samples with no bubbles. Furthermore, the range of values for the titration data corresponded to that found during the earlier GLOBEC 2001 cruises. With no evidence of bias in the titration data due to the effect of bubbles, we concluded that the deviation from the expected value of 1 in the relationship between oxygen values taken by titration and by sensor was due to the sensor. The deviation can be corrected using the linear relationship estimated.

Expendable Bathythermographs (XBT) and expendable CTDs (XCTD) were used to increase the number of profiles between stations, to make rapid measurements at closely spaced stations and to measure the water structure in Drake Passage. The bulk of the XBTs were used in Drake Passage, specifically 39 probes were used at 36 stations on the southbound trip and 22 XBT probles and 3 XCDTs were used at 20 stations on the northbound trip. An additional 30 XBTs and 3 XCTDs were used in the sampling grid. Details of each of these uses is in Appendix 6.

Thirty XBT probes were used between the following station pairs (9-10, 20-21 and 50-51) to provide additional information about temperature structure near stations where warm UCDW was detected.

Two XCTDs were used at stations 67 and 69 to fill information in a high density transect across the southern side of the ACC.

A certain number of expendable probes failed due to a variety of reasons. On this cruise, we used 89 probes to get 70 profiles yielding a failure rate of 17%.

No intercomparisons were made between CTD, XCTD and XBT instruments. The first SO GLOBEC cruise (NBP01-03) made simultaneous measurements with these instruments and found no differences among them.

The microstructure profiler CMiPS (CTD-mountable Microstructure Profiling System) was used to obtain measurements of small-scale structure in the ocean due to processes such as shear instabilities, tidal stirring, mesoscale eddies, and double diffusion. Vertical diffusion through the permanent pycnocline has been suggested as an important process for heat, salt, and nutrient transport upward into the surface layer.

The CMiPS package carries two FP07 thermistors, a SeaBird SE07 microconductivity probe and a Keller pressure transducer with analog electronics to produce the following signals: (1) temperature from the first thermistor,T1, (2) temperature plus its derivative, T1+dT1/dt, also from the first thermistor, (3) similarly, T2+dT2/dt, from the second thermistor, (4) pressure, P, from the pressure transducer, (5) pressure plus its scaled derivative defined as P+57*dP/dt, and (6) conductivity and its scaled derivative, C+1.59*dC/dt, from the SE07 sensor. These signals are low pass filtered and presented to a 16-bit analog-to-digital converter where they are each sampled at a rate of 512 per second.

The instrument, which was new for this cruise, is housed in two metal cylinders which were mounted inside the Rosette on the CTD with the temperature and microconductivity probes positioned 7.5 cm up from the bottom of the CTD frame. The original plan was to mount CMiPS on the outside of the frame but it was felt that the advantages of protection for the sensors and ease of passing through Baltic Room door outweighed any disadvantages caused by the possible wake from the CTD frame. Initially, there also were concerns about risk to the sensors during installation and removal of CMiPS from the CTD frame; this turned out not to be a problem.

There was one initial problem with CMiPS due to a fault in the solid state disc drive used to store the data. This problem required the use of a conventional hard disc for the first 9 profiles of the cruise. The disadvantages of this drive were higher power consumption and introduction of a burst of noise in some of the data channels every 10 seconds when data was written to disc. After station 13, the solid state disc was able to be used by installing a floppy disc drive to boot the system which was then able to log data to the solid state drive. This worked reliably for the remainder of the cruise and power consumption was sufficiently low that only one set of batteries was required.

Data were acquired at 81 of the 92 stations on the grid and at stations MBCTD and the Marguerite Trough series of 5 stations as well as the final station in Crystal Sound. CMiPS was removed from the CTD at various times during the cruise when the water depth exceeded its 2000 m limit. At these times, temperature sensors were replaced and the conductivity sensor was examined with a microscope for signs of fouling. There were some problems with the longevity of some of the temperature sensors, so during the cruise data were collected with all of the 5 available sensors installed 2 at a time to allow cross calibration with the CTD.

In total 1.6 gigabytes of data were obtained. This includes the time for the upcast and deployment and recovery as the instrument logs at all times when it is turned on. At regular intervals the data were downloaded to a laptop computer using a 10 base T ethernet port in the instrument and data were subsequently uploaded to the ship's network for storage. CMiPS provides an analog temperature signal to one of the analog inputs on the SeaBird CTD which was logged by the CTD. This allows time alignment of the two sets of data for later analysis.

The RDI 150 kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) system mounted in the hull of the RVIB N.B. Palmer collected data from 0011 GMT on 11 April 2002, while we crossed the Drake Passage. The system continued to collect data until we reached the Argentine EEZ (18 May) on our way back to Punta Arenas, Chile. The system was configured to acquire velocity measurements using fifty eight-meter depth bins and five minute ensemble averages. This configuration provided velocity measurements from the first bin at 31 m to 300 to 400 m, depending on scatterer and sea state. Depth bins two through ten were used with navigation to remove the ship's motion.

The ADCP was manually set to bottom track mode whenever water depths were less than 500 m. Bottom tracking was disabled during times when the survey extended beyond the continental shelf edge and into deeper waters for several hours. The Raytheon ET's were responsible for switching the ADCP tracking mode.

Preliminary processing of the ADCP data was done during the cruise using an automated version of the common Oceanographic Data Access System (CODAS) developed by E. Firing and J. Hummon from the University of Hawaii. Maps of the ADCP-derived current vectors along the ship track were generated at daily intervals at eight different depth bins using one hour ensembles. Although the system ran continuously, there are sporadic gaps of one or two hours in the data output at the beginning of the survey, probably due to heavy seas. The largest data gap for this cruise lasted about 12 hours on 21 April 2002 due to heavy seas. In addition, there were few observations during the southernmost transect (stations 89-92) due to heavy sea ice. In most shallow areas, currents below 125 m show a suspicious tendency to be aligned with the navigation track, pointing opposite to the ship's direction of travel. This may be due to insufficient removal of the ship's movement. A few large current vectors were also removed from surface (above 125 m) measurements. A final assessment of the ADCP data will be done after the cruise.

Underway meteorological observations were collected to document surface conditions during the cruise and to characterize surface forcing in the study area. All sensors were active once we left the Argentine EEZ (April 11) until we returned north to the same EEZ (May 18).

The following instruments collect observations and store them on the ship's data acquisition system. All data were stored at one minute intervals. A pair of Belfort propeller/vane anemometers were mounted on the science mast, one on each side of the ship. Three optical sensors were mounted on the mast to measure shortwave, long wave, and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). Sensors to measure air temperature, relative humidity and pressure were mounted at the base of the mast.

Surface water conditions were measured from a water inlet in the stern thruster housing. A thermosalinograph and fluorometer provided salinity and chlorophyll, respectively. A thermometer was placed near the intake to provide sea surface temperature.

Four general results are presented here: water masses, spatial patterns, microstructure and surface fluxes. These results were obtained from analyses of the observations as they were taken, in part to make sure that the measurements were meaningful. Some of these results are consistent with measurements taken on earlier cruises and thus are confirmations of earlier ideas about processes.

The water masses in the region are clearly indicated on a potential temperature - salinity (θ - S) diagram (Figure 6) constructed from all CTD observations. Much of the surface water (lower left of figure 6) is close to the surface freezing point. Antarctic Surface Water (AASW) is water above the permanent pycnocline (generally above 100 m) and is strongly changed over the seasons by surface warming or cooling and ice freezing or melting. Many stations had a Winter Water layer, which is indicated by a subsurface temperature minimum (colder than -0.5 and salinity between 34.0 and 34.2). Oceanic Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (UCDW) appeared as a temperature maximum (about 2.0 C and salinity of 34.6). A similar Tmax was observed on the shelf at a lower temperature (1.0 to 1.5 C) at about the same salinity. This water was designated Modified CDW. Offshore of the shelf break at depths of 800 to 1000 m was Lower Circumpolar Deep Water (LCDW), which is distinguished by the salinity maximum at temperatures around 1.5 C and salinity 34.7.

The appearance of surface waters near the freezing point means that the fall season was far along and conditions were approaching those of winter. The ultimate winter condition of surface water is to be at the freezing point with salinity between 33.8 and 34.0. Many stations had relatively warm water below 30 m depth and relatively low salinity. Thus, considerable heat remained in the surface ocean which will be lost to the atmosphere in the coming month. The surface salinity will be increased by haline expulsion from freezing seawater.

The spatial distribution of water properties is used to estimate water circulation and the location of exchanges between the offshore ACC and the shelf waters. The indirect estimates of circulation are augmented by ADCP measurements from the ship.

One purpose of the large-scale survey is to determine the physical structure of the shelf ecosystem. Two descriptions of this distribution are presented here: the temperature at the subsurface Tmax and the dynamic topography.

Water temperature is a good tracer of oceanic water, since it is somewhat warmer than the shelf water; the dividing isotherm is roughly 1.5 C. The temperature of the Tmax below 200 m (to avoid solar warmed water in the surface layer) showed the oceanic water (1.8 to 2.0 C) all along the shelf break (Figure 7). A plume of warmer water intruded onto the shelf west of Adelaide Island (between 400 and 450 km alongshore distance). A plume of warm water has been seen in this location at the previous two GLOBEC cruises and may be tied to the Marguerite Trough, or perhaps enters northeast of this trough. A second area of warmer water was seen in the center of the study region, but it is unclear if this water was intruding from the ocean, or intruded further to the northeast and had drifted around the gyre (described below). There was little subsurface warm water, and thus little oceanic influence, within Marguerite Bay or on the inner shelf on the southern half of the grid.

The dynamic topography, the vertical integral of the density anomaly, is a more traditional indicator of circulation which uses the geostrophic balance (horizontal pressure gradients balance the Coriolis acceleration). For this shelf, the vertical density variation is weak and the shelf is relatively shallow (generally less than 500 m), which produces a weak dynamic topography. However, a clear pattern appeared in the dynamic topography calculated at the surface relative to 300 m (Figure 8). A similar pattern was seen in the 0/400 m topography (figure not shown). The sense of the circulation was

clockwise around low values of dynamic topography. Flow was southwestward along the inner shelf with a strong onshore flow west of Adelaide Island and a compensating offshore flow west of Alexander Island (between 150 and 250 km alongshore distance). There was indication of two anti-clockwise circulations in Marguerite Bay, although it might be an hourglass shaped single gyre. The ACC normally flows northeastward along the shelf break, although from this cruise, the ACC seems to have a convoluted shape so flow at some places on the shelf break was backwards (southwestward).

An estimate of the speed of this flow was obtained from the horizontal difference of dynamic topography (the units are meters) divided by the horizontal distance and the Coriolis parameter (about .0001 s^-1). A fast flow was seen coming out of the southern half of Marguerite Bay; the speed was 8 cm/s (7 km/day). A faster flow entered the shelf on the north end of the study area at 12 cm/s (10 km/day).

The ADCP records confirmed this general pattern of flow, although the data had much more spatial and temporal variability (Figure 9). The general pattern was northeastward flow along the shelf break and southwestward along the coast and into Marguerite Bay. There were some indications of variations of this flow pattern at some places, but this may have been due to temporal variations due to wind forcing changes or tides. The median flow speed from the ADCP was 6 cm/s in the upper layers and 5 cm/s at middepths. The ACC flow was observed by ADCP to be about 15 cm/s. There was a strong coastal flow south of Adelaide Island and into Marguerite Bay with speeds of 40 to 50 cm/s.

The microstructure sensor, CMiPS, produces a large volume of data for each cast. Since this instrument is new, analysis software has yet to be developed. A quick analysis of data indicated that sensors were observing small scale variations.

A few samples of the observations were returned to Dr. Rolf Lueck, the instrument designer, for analysis. It was determined that the sensors were working as expected. A few events in these records were identified as possible microstructure due to double diffusive layering. This analysis requires calibrating the CMiPS records with the CTD record in order to estimate the density ratio and other parameters. Analysis of the full data record will proceed once the data are returned to Drs. Rolf Lueck and Laurie Padman. One problem, a low frequency (15 Hz) signal, was detected, which was thought to be due to a wake from part of the ctd frame. Modifications were made to the frame to see if this was the cause; results depend on analysis to be done after the cruise.

Surface meteorological conditions were collected during the cruise at 5 min intervals over the whole region of the large scale survey during 13 April-10 May (YD 103-130) (Figure 10). This information was sufficient to estimate surface wind stress and heat flux (Figure 11). Weather conditions varied during the cruise. A flavor of this variation is provided by the descriptions below of two time periods which were characterized by weak and strong surface cooling, respectively.

For a large part of the survey, the net surface heat flux was near zero. This period extended from the beginning of the survey (station 1, 13 April - day 103) to the southern end of Marguerite Bay (station 71 2 May - day 122). A low pressure system covered the area during these times and the skies were mainly overcast. During this period, the mean wind speed was 8 m/s and air-sea temperature difference was very small (-0.10 C) resulting in a small sensible heat flux of 2 W/m² (Table 1). The latent heat flux, Q_lat was also small due to the low average air temperature (-0.87 C) and a high relative humidity (94%). The shortwave radiation decreased continuously as the austral winter approached. Even then, the net shortwave radiation on some days was comparable to the net long wave radiation during the daylight hours; there were even small periods when the net heat flux was zero or positive (maximum of 88 W/m²). For the weak cooling period, 96% of the net heat flux loss was due to net long wave flux.

Table 1. Surface heat budget summary for the time period 13 April to 2 May. Units are

A stronger heat loss was observed in the area south of Marguerite Bay. Clear sky conditions predominated for this period with high barometric pressure (maximum of 1012 mb). For this reason, net long wave was the dominant process in the surface heat flux (Table 2). Sea ice was present during most of the time; sea surface temperature was near freezing (mean of -1.67 C). Air temperature decreased significantly (mean of -7.47 C) leading to a relatively large air-sea temperature difference (-5.80 C) and a mean sensible heat flux of -79 W/m². The mean long wave heat flux was high (-108 W/m²) due to the clear skies. The mean shortwave heat flux was small (2 W/m²) and was not a significant contributor to the net heat balance. The mean latent heat flux was -47 W/m², mostly due to the low sea temperature and high relative humidity (86%). The average net heat flux for this period was a loss of 232 W/m². To put these rates in perspective, surface cooling at 200 W/m² for 5 days will cool a 25-m deep mixed layer by 0.84 C.

Table 2. Surface heat budget summary for the time period 13 April to 2 May. Units are

Much of the credit for the high quality hydrographic observations collected during NBP02-02 goes to the Raytheon marine technicians: Jennifer White, Steve Tarrant, and Stian Alesandrini; and electronic technicians: Romeo LaRiviere and Sheldon Blackman. Their willing and cheerful response to all requests made collection of these data a pleasure. We also recognize efforts by deck hands Sam Villanueva, Bienvenido (Ben) Aaron and Ric Tamayo, who endured cold tedium to obtain these data. To all of these individuals, we extend our appreciation.

UNESCO, 1991. Processing of Oceanographic Station Data. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization, Paris. 138 pp.

2.0 Nutrients (Kent A. Fanning [PI not present on cruise], Robert T. Masserini Jr., Yulia Serebrennikova)

In addition to temperature and salinity, dissolved inorganic nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia, and silica) are important tracers of the circulation of waters in and around Marguerite Bay. Deeper water upwelling to shallower regions close to the peninsula should be traceable by higher nutrient signatures. Nutrient concentrations nearer to the sea surface are important to physical/chemical modeling of the fate of plankton in the region that sustain krill, both as "targets" to be explained by nowcasting and as starting points for forecasting.

Analytical methods used for silica, phosphate, nitrite, and nitrate follow the recommendations of Gordon et al. (1993) for the WOCE WHP project. The analytical system we employ is a five-channel Technicon Autoanalyzer II upgraded with new heating baths, proportional pumps, colorimeters, improved optics, and an analog-to-digital conversion system (New Analyzer Program v. 2.40 by Labtronics, Inc.) This Technicon is designed for shipboard as well as laboratory use. Silicic acid is determined by forming the heteropoly acid of dissolved orthosilicic acid and ammonium molybdate, reducing it with stannous chloride, and then measuring its optical transmittance. Phosphate is determined by creating the phosphomolybdate heteropoly acid in much the same way as with the silica method. However, its reducing agent is dihydrazine sulfate, after which its transmittance is also measured. A heating bath is required to maximize the color yield. Nitrite is determined essentially by the Bendschneider and Robinson (1952) technique in which nitrite is reacted with sulfanilamide (SAN) to form a diazotized derivative that is then reacted with a substituted ethylenediamine compound (NED) to form a rose pink azo dye which is measured colorimetrically. Nitrate is determined by difference after a separate aliquot of a sample is passed through a Cd reduction column to covert its nitrate to nitrite, followed by the measurement of the "augmented" nitrite concentration using the same method as in the nitrite analysis.

In the analytical ammonia method, ammonium reacts with alkaline phenol and hypochlorite to form indophenolblue. Sodium nitroferricyanide intensifies the blue color formed, which is then measured in a colorimeter of the nutrient-analyzer. Precipitation of calcium and magnesium hydroxides is eliminated by the addition of sodium citrate complexing reagent. A heating bath is required. Our version of this technique is based on modifications of published methods such as the article by F. Koroleff in Grasshoff (1976). These modifications were made at Alpkem (now Astoria-Pacific International, Inc.) and at L.Gordon's nutrient laboratory at Oregon State University.

Nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, ammonia, and silicic acid were measured from every Niskin bottle tripped from all hydrocasts (2035 seawater samples) on this cruise. These data are available on the cruise CDROM and will be posted to the U.S. GLOBEC Data website.

Nitrate and phosphate exhibited the expected vertical distributions: high concentrations at depth overlain by slight increases just below the mixed layer followed by substantial decreases within the euphotic zone. Approximate concentrations for nitrate and phosphate (respectively) in these regions were: 33.0 and 2.32 μM (deep water), 35.3 and 2.47 μM (just below the mixed layer), and 22.5 and 1.6 μM (euphotic zone).

Nitrite and ammonia concentrations were essentially zero, here defined as less than the detection limit of the chemistries employed, below the mixed layer. Within the mixed layer the average nitrite and ammonia concentrations were approximately 0.23 and 1.9 μM, respectively. A subsurface nitrite maximum near the bottom of the mixed layer was located approximately twenty-to-forty nautical miles inshore from the furthest offshore station. The nitrite concentration within the bolus increased to roughly 0.35 μM. This offshore subsurface nitrite maximum was seen on survey lines 1-7, 9, 10, 11, and 13. However, on line 12 the feature was seen much further inshore, approximately 60 nautical miles inshore from the furthest offshore station.

Silicic acid exhibited an increase in concentration shoreward within the mixed layer. In general it also exhibited a classic nutrient structure, with average concentrations that decreased from roughly 110 μM below the mixed layer to 60 μM within the euphotic zone. One feature of note in the silicic acid data was the presence of a lens of depleted silicic acid at a depth of approximately 260 meters associated with the 1.8-degree water seen at station 9 on transect 2. This water mass had a silicic acid concentration of approximately 90 μM, or 10 μM less than the water surrounding it.

There appeared to be a nutrient frontal feature within the euphotic zone aligned generally across and penetrating about halfway into Marguerite Bay. This feature was indicated by an increase in nitrate, nitrite, silicic acid, and phosphate concentrations. The front’s position agreed well with contour maps of dynamic topography generated by other groups on this cruise. Preliminary surface contours of average mixed-layer nutrient concentrations seemed to depict a gyre on the shelf with an edge that was generally aligned across the mouth and penetrated approximately halfway into Marguerite Bay.

Within portions of the mixed layer of Marguerite Bay that are away from the influence of the gyre, ammonia exhibited an enrichment at near shore stations to a depth of approximately 50 meters. Concentrations there ranged between 2.5 and 2.9 μM. The region seemed to be closely associated with slightly fresher water found near the surface in the back of the Bay. Overall, ammonia concentrations in the mixed layer on this cruise were comparable with those of the Winter SO GLOBEC II cruise for the same region last year. Thus, they were significantly lower than those of last year’s Fall SO GLOBEC cruise values (3.5 to 4 μM) for the same region.

The mixed layer of Marguerite Bay exhibited depletions in concentrations of four of the five nutrients studied (nitrate, nitrite, silicic acid, and orthophosphate). Average shelf concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, and orthophosphate within the euphotic zone were approximately 22.5, 0.2, and 1.6 μM, respectively. Surface concentrations of silicic acid displayed more horizontal variability, increasing from about 50 μM at the furthest offshore station to a maximum of slightly more than 70 μM approximately 90 nautical miles shoreward from that station and then decreasing to 60 μM inside the Bay. Nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate declined within the euphotic zone of Marguerite Bay to roughly 18, 0.15, and 1.4 μM, respectively.

Gordon, L.I., J.C. Jennings, Jr., A.A. Ross, and J.M. Krest, A Suggested Protocol For Continuous Flow Automated Analysis of Seawater Nutrients, in WOCE Operation Manual, WHP Office Report 90-1, WOCE Report 77 No. 68/91, 1-52, 1993.

Grasshoff, K. 1976. Methods of Seawater Analysis, Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, Germany, and New York, NY, 317 pp.

3.0 Primary Production Component (Maria Vernet [PI not present on cruise], Wendy Kozlowski, Kristy Aller)

The estimation of primary production has three main objectives: (1) estimation of primary productivity rates during fall and winter in the area of study as a possible source of food for krill and other zooplanktors; (2) understanding the mesoscale patterns of phytoplankton distribution with respect to physical, chemical and biological processes; and (3) obtaining insight into the over-wintering dynamics of phytoplankton, including their interaction with sea ice communities. For this purpose, primary production was measured with two methods during this cruise: estimation of daily net production with simulated in situ experiments (SIS), and profiles with a Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer (FRRF), with the aim to increase resolution in the sampling of phytoplankton activity and the expectation of modeling primary production with this method using 14C experiments as comparison. A third approach, that of estimating potential primary production and gaining information on the dynamics of light adaptation by means of Photosynthesis vs Irradiance curves was carried out on all ice samples collected.

During this third Southern Oceans GLOBEC cruise, we also increased our emphasis on estimation of phytoplankton biomass, with measurements of chlorophyll (chla) and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (CHN) throughout the water column. Recording of both surface and water column photosynthetically available radiation (PAR) was carried out throughout the sampling duration of the cruise.

The FRRF was deployed at all stations where the water depth was less than 500 m, and at stations 12, 22, 37, 46, 70, and 84, a separate cast was done before the main CTD cast to a depth of 100 m for collection of FRRF data at deep water stations (Figure 12). SIS experiments were done once a day, with water generally sampled from the station closest to, but preceding sunrise in order to allow for accurate simulations of daylengths (Figure 12). Chlorophylls were sampled from all stations where the rosette was deployed, plus from a bucket sample at station 44 when the weather prevented use of the CTD, and water was filtered for POC samples at every other station sampled along the grid.

For SIS experiments water was collected from the surface, and from five, ten, fifteen, twenty, and thirty meters deep. The FRRF was deployed as part of the CTD rosette, with a descent rate of 10 meters per minute for the first fifty meters, 20 meters per minute to 100 meters in depth and 50 meters per minute for the remainder of the cast. Data was analyzed from the downcasts, to a depth of 150 meters. Chlorophylls and CHNs were collected at the same depths as for SIS experiments, plus at 50 meters, 100m, the bottom and three other intermediate depths varying based on total cast length.

Ice sampling during the cruise was generally opportunistic. See Table 3 for a summary of Ice Station Locations and Samples collected. On a few occasions, sampling was done while underway, with a bucket over the side of the ship. When the ice was larger, ice was again collected into a bucket, but using the personnel basket as a working platform. When the ice floes were large enough to core from, personnel were lowered with the basket to the ice and worked directly from the floes.

Once the ice samples were brought on board the ship, 0.2μ filtered seawater was added (to samples other than slush and pancake) to approximate a 0.33 dilution, and the ice was allowed to melt in the dark in a 2̊ C cold room. Once melted, the water was sub-sampled for chlorophylls, particulate carbon and nitrogen, and production (PI). Ice that was not diluted was allowed to melt under the same conditions, and was additionally sub-sampled for nutrients and salinity.

Chlorophylls were measured using a Turner Designs Digital 10-AU-05 Fluorometer, serial number 5333-FXXX, calibrated using a chlorophyll a standard from Sigma Chemicals, dissolved in 90% acetone. The “Fast Tracka” Fast Repetition Rate Fluorometer, serial number 182037, is made by Chelsea Instruments, and was outfitted with independent depth and PAR sensors. All data was recorded internally to the instrument, and data was downloaded directly to computer after every few casts. Incubations for the SIS experiments were done in Plexiglas tubes, shaded to simulate collection light levels with window screening, incubated in an on-deck Plexiglas tank, which was outfitted with running seawater in order to maintain in situ temperatures. PI curves were done in custom built incubators, designed to hold 7ml vials, irradiate at light levels between zero and 460 μE/m2/sec, and were attached to water baths to maintain in situ collections temperatures. CHN samples will be analyzed upon return to the States. Ice water nutrients were measured on board by USF analysts, and salinities were measured using a hand held refractometer. Light data was collected using a Biospherical Instruments GUV Radiometer, serial number 9228, mounted on the science mast, configured with a PAR channel, as well

as channels for 305, 320, 340 and 380nm wavelengths. Additional PAR data was collected using a Biospherical Instruments QSR-240 sensor, serial number 6356, also mounted on the science mast.

Table 3. Summary of sea ice samples, with locations and ice types. Possible Samples collected are chlorophyll (chl), particulate carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen (CHN), Dissolved Inorganic Nutrients (DIN), salinity (salt), and Primary Production (PP).

Over the course of the thirty-six science days of this trip, a total of twenty seven SIS experiments were completed. Twenty seven PI curves were run on ice from ten different locations, and the FRRF was cast (with data acquired) 57 times throughout the grid. For estimations of biomass (standing carbon stocks), both CHN and chlorophyll samples were taken. A total of 609 POC samples were collected, and 1606 chlorophyll samples were taken from the 102 sampling stations. Of those biomass samples, 30 were ice-related samples.

Surface PAR data was on all days that primary production experiments were done. GUV data was collected at one minute intervals and logged directly to computer (see Table 4 for daily measured light levels). QSR PAR data was collected as part of the JGOF meteorological data set. A comparison of the two instruments was done to continue to monitor differences between the two types (scalar vs. cosine) of sensor (see Figure 13). PAR data were also collected during each daylight CTD cast using a profiling PAR sensor, as well as on the FRRF, and will be used in conjunction with surface PAR data for the analysis of water column production.

Final analysis is yet to be completed on the majority of the data collected on this cruise. There appears to be similar North-South and onshore-offshore trends in the chlorophyll levels as were seen in GLOBEC I and II, with slightly higher levels seen on the Northern, outside part of the grid. Higher chlorophyll levels were also seen at five stations in the North Eastern side of Marguerite Bay. Surface chlorophyll values throughout the grid ranged from 0.09 μg/l down to 2.16 μg/l, with a maximum integrated value seen at consecutive station 14 (166.28 μg/m² integrated to 100m), and a minimum at consecutive station 56 (3.54 μg/m²). Water column primary production followed the same pattern as chlorophyll, with highest production seen on the North Western corner of the grid. Of the stations where SIS experiments were done, production estimates ranged from 8.1 mgC/m²/d at station 59, to 249.6 mgC/m²/d at station 15. All ice samples had measurable amounts of production, with several of the new pancake and brine samples showing some of the highest productions seen on the cruise.

Table 4. PAR (Photosynthetically Available Radiation, 400 – 700 nm) data, from BSI GUV500 mounted on Science Mast. Day lengths and daily irradiance values were calculated using PAR values above 0.0 μE/cm²*sec.

(Peter Wiebe, Carin Ashjian, Scott Gallager [PI not present on cruise], Cabell Davis [PI not present on cruise])

The winter distribution and abundance of the Antarctic krill population throughout the Western Peninsula continental shelf study area are poorly known, yet this population is hypothesized to be an especially important overwintering site for krill in this geographical region of the Antarctic ecosystem. Thus, the principal objectives of this component of the program are to determine the broad-scale distribution of larval, juvenile, and adult krill throughout the study area, to relate and compare their distributions to the distributions of the other members of the zooplankton community, to contribute to relating their distributions to mesoscale and regional circulation and seasonal changes in ice cover, food availability, and predators, and to determine the small-scale distribution of larval krill in relation to physical structure of sea ice. To accomplish these objectives, the same three instrument platforms that were used on the first two Southern Ocean GLOBEC broad-scale cruises, were used on this cruise. A 1-m² MOCNESS equipped with a strobe light was used to sample the zooplankton at a selected series of stations distributed throughout the survey station grid. A towed body, BIOMAPER-II was towyoed along the trackline between stations to collect acoustic data, video images, and environmental data between the surface and bottom in much of the survey area. An ROV was used to sample under the ice and to collect video images of krill living in association with the ice under surface, environmental data, and current data. This section of the cruise report will detail the various methods used with each of the instrument systems or in the case of BIOMAPER-II, its sub-systems.

The 1-m² MOCNESS net sampling of zooplankton had two main objectives. The first was to sample the vertical distribution, abundance, and population structure (size, life stage) of the plankton at selected locations across the broad-scale survey grid. The second objective was to collect information on the size distribution of the plankton, especially the krill, in order to ground-truth the acoustic and video data collected using the BIOMAPER-II multi-frequency acoustic and video plankton recorder system. Using the size distribution of planktonic taxa from different depths and locations, the acoustic intensity resulting from insonification of that water parcel will be calculated to check and ground-truth the acoustic backscatter from the BIOMAPER-II. The dominant species of the taxa enumerated using the Video Plankton Recorder also will be identified.

Sampling was conducted using a 1-m² MOCNESS (Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System) equipped with 333 μm mesh nets and a suite of environmental sensors including temperature, conductivity, fluorescence, and light transmission probes. The fluorometer and transmissometer were removed part way through the cruise in order to transfer the options case from the MOCNESS to the BIOMAPER-II on which the options case had failed. The MOCNESS also was equipped with a strong strobe light, which flashed at 4-second intervals. Because krill are strong swimmers and likely can see slow moving nets such as the MOCNESS, krill frequently avoid capture by net systems. The rationale behind the strobe system was to shock or blind the krill temporarily so that the net would not be perceived and avoided.

Tows were conducted at 24 locations (Figure 14). Oblique tows were conducted from near bottom to the surface, sampling the entire water column on the down-cast and selected depths on the up-cast with the remaining eight nets. Typically, the upper 100 m was sampled at 25 m intervals, with 50 m intervals in the intermediate depth ranges and greater intervals (150, 200 m) in the deepest depth ranges. Samples were preserved upon recovery in 4% formalin except for the first net (water column sample) that was preserved in ethanol to be utilized for genetic analyses.

Despite the light ice cover encountered at many locations, towing was not seriously impaired. Cautionary measures were employed in ice covered regions. The wire was watched closely with a dedicated video camera to quickly observe any ice that became caught under the cable so that the ship could be stopped quickly. Also, less wire than bottom depth was utilized so that the MOCNESS would not hit the sea floor if the ship slowed or halted because of heavy ice.

Samples will be analyzed for displacement volume biomass and taxonomic and size composition of the plankton upon return to the laboratory. The taxonomic/size composition analysis will be conducted using silhouette analysis that yields size specific abundances of the different taxa (e.g., large copepod, large krill, small krill, ctenophore). These abundances and sizes then are used to extrapolate sample biomass using empirical relationships between size and biomass for each taxon. The size/taxa information also will be used to predict the backscatter that would result from insonification of this plankton community by the BIOMAPER-II acoustic transducers.

Overall, abundances and taxonomic composition were much reduced relative to those observed during the fall cruise cruise of 2001 (NBP0103) and were similar to those observed during the winter of 2001 (NBP0104). Copepods frequently were important both numerically and in terms of biomass. Very few furcilia and adult krill were seen. Only two locations in Marguerite Bay appeared to have abundant krill and furcilia; Stations 28 and 54 both of which were located along the axis of the mouth of Marguerite Bay in cold, fresh water of the “coastal” current which flows south along Adelaide Island, loops into Marguerite Bay, and exits at the southern end flowing south and west along the shelf. Sampling volumes were comparable between all of the cruises so it is likely that these qualitative observations represent relative plankton abundances on the shelf. High abundances of krill were observed in Matha Strait at the entrance to Crystal Sound, north of Adelaide Island. These high abundances were correlated with the presence of elevated backscatter observed both on the SIMRAD echosounder during the tow and with the BIOMAPER-II acoustics during a survey conducted prior to the MOCNESS tow.

Many people assisted with the MOCNESS tows and their assistance is gratefully acknowledged. Special thanks to Peter Martin, Romeo LaRiviere, Jenny White, Stian Alesandrini, Steve Tarrant, Alice Doyle, Julian Ashford, the BIOMAPER-II group, Peter Wiebe, and the bridge crew of the NBP (Capt. Joe, Val, Rich, John, Rachelle).

The BIO-Optical Multi-frequency Acoustical and Physical Environmental Recorder or BIOMAPER II is a towed system capable of conducting quantitative surveys of the spatial distribution of coastal and oceanic plankton/nekton. The system consists of a multi-frequency sonar, a video plankton recorder system (VPR), and an environmental sensor package (CTD, fluorometer, transmissometer). Also included are an electro-optic tow cable, a winch with slip rings, and van which holds the electronic equipment for real-time data processing and analysis. The towbody is capable of operating to a depth of 300 meters at 4 to 6 knots, but because of several re-terminations following damage to the electro-optical towing wire thus reducing the wire length, the operational depth on this cruise was a little over 200 m. The system can be operated in a surface towed down-looking mode, in a vertical oscillatory "towyo" mode, or in a sub-surface up/down looking horizontal mode. All three modes were used to some extent on NBP0202. To enhance the performance and utility of BIOMAPER II in high sea states, a winch, slack tensioner, and over-boarding sheave/docking assembly were used.

As on the first two SO GLOBEC broad-scale cruises (NBP0103, NBP0104), BIOMAPER-II was deployed from the stern of the RVIB N. B. Palmer. Attached to the starboard side of the A-frame on the Palmer was a stiff arm, designed and constructed at WHOI, to lower the over-boarding sheave/docking assembly to a level that would minimize the distance that BIOMAPER-II needed to be hauled up to be docked and still clear the stern rail when the A-frame was boomed in. It was shackled at two points to pad eyes on the top of the A-frame. The over boarding sheave articulated and was equipped with a hydraulic ram, so that its position could be adjusted to keep the docking mechanism vertical during launch and recovery, and to move it inboard of the wire when towing. During the port setup in Punta Arenas before this cruise, the deck plates holding the winch and slack tensioner were repositioned in an attempt to better align the cable leaving the slack tensioner with the overboarding sheave. In addition, a newly fabricated set of rollers were mounted on the inboard side of the over-boarding sheave assembly to help keep the wire on track. In spite of the modifications, the effort was not successful in making the alignment better and while at sea, a line was attached to the top of the over-boarding sheave to pull the sheave to starboard so that the wire stayed aligned.

This system worked reasonably well under all the conditions experienced during the cruise. In anticipation of the high winds, cold temperatures, and wet working conditions on the stern deck of the Palmer, a shipping container, modified into a working “garage” for BIOMAPER-II, was located on the port side of the vessel centerline and forward of the stern A-frame. The towed body was easily moved on dollies to a position where it could be picked up by a motor drive hoist suspended from a movable I-beam and moved inside the van. The van again proved essential in working on the towed body both for maintenance and for repair, or in providing dry warm storage. On 17 April, while preparing to deploy BIOMAPER-II, it was discovered that there had been a fire at the back of the van where the electrical panels were located. The consensus was that the fire started with the failure a Makita battery charger, which was at the back of the van close to one of the electrical panels. The fire produced a thick black soot, which covered all surfaces, and the heat ruined some of the electrical wiring, but the damage was relatively little. Cleanup of the deck van and the re-wiring of the damaged circuits began shortly after. The Ship’s engine room crew, led by Johnny Pierce, and the Raytheon technical support people did a great job in helping to get the van back into working condition. Members of the BIOMAPER-II group also worked very hard and put in long hours to right the situation.

The BIOMAPER control van was located on the 03 level inside the helicopter hanger. The heated van accommodates three or four individuals and computers for four operations: acoustic data acquisition and processing, VPR data acquisition and processing, ESS acquisition, and hardware monitoring. A power supply in the van provides BIOMAPER-II with 260 volts of DC power. A VHF radio base station and two portable units provided communication with the bridge, deck, and labs. Two deck video cameras were mounted on an aluminum mast attached to a corner post of the garage van and had monitor outputs in the control van. One, a fixed camera, was used when towyoing BIOMAPER-II for observing the winch. The second, with pan, tilt, zoom, and focus controls, was for observing the slack tensioner and the overboarding sheave during launch and recovery of the towed body. A third camera (also pan and tilt) was installed on a post about mid-ships on the helicopter pad. This camera was used for observing the cables towing BIOMAPER-II and the MOCNESS’s and for early detection of sea ice snagging the cables. This latter camera had outputs to all of the ships monitors. Inputs to the van from the Palmer’s navigation and bathymetry logging system, included P-code GPS (9600 baud), Aztec GPS (4800 baud), and Bathy bottom depth information.

An electro-optical cable with a diameter of 0.68 “ was used to tow BIOMAPER-II. The tow cable contains three single mode optical fibers and three copper power conductors. Data telemetry occupies one fiber (using two colors), the video the second, and raw acoustic data the third. A cable termination matched to meet the strengths of the towing cable and the towed body's towing bail was designed and built at WHOI.

BIOMAPER-II and the garage van were shipped back to WHOI and the towed body underwent extensive re-building during the period between NBP0104 and NBP0202 as a result of the beating it took working in the ice pack during the winter cruise. The towed body framework was straightened and breaks in the aluminum structure re-welded. A new stainless steel framework to hold the VPR cameras and strobe light was designed and built to better withstand collisions with pack ice. A new tail assembly was also designed and built. The towing bail, which was badly damaged in one encounter with the pack ice, was duplicated. The VPR was modified by constructing and installing new end-caps and ruggedized bulkhead connectors and cable assemblies. The HTI acoustic system also needed extensive examination and repair, and this work was completed during the inter-cruise period.

During this cruise, BIOMAPER-II suffered only minor structural damage when the towed body collided with the stern of the Palmer during a couple of the recoveries in rough seas. On both occasions, the cage holding the VPR was bent inwards and had to be straightened (Many thanks to MTs Steve Tarrent, Stian Alesandrini, and Jenney White). The electro-optical towing cable sustained damage twice and had to be re-terminated. There were a number of electrical issues, requiring skilled trouble-shooting, that appeared throughout the cruise. Ground-faults were a common occurrence and in the beginning they were due to faulty parts i.e. a manufacturing flaw in a the bulkhead connector on the upward looking 43 kHz transducer or to a wiring of the chassis ground circuit in the HTI acoustic system that was in conflict with the overall grounding scheme of BIOMAPER-II. Both were tracked down by Peter Martin and fixed. Another problem involved the intermittent operation of the upper 200 kHz transducer. It was finally determined that the cable between the upper 200 kHz transducer and the echosounder in the towed body was causing the intermittency on that frequency, although the cable itself did not appear flawed. When a spare cable was used in its place, the transducer began working properly again. Twice during the cruise, the electro-optical cable had to be re-terminated, a process that takes at least 8 hours. The first time was due to the discovery of a broken strand of the outer armor on the towing cable near the termination on 18 April. Examination of the wire and over boarding sheave assembly revealed another problem. One of the newly installed rollers on the sheave was also damaged and may have contributed to the break. While the cable was being re-terminated, the roller on the sheave was replaced with a backup method of keeping the wire in place. Later, a means to fix the roller was found and it was restored to duty. The second was on 21 April, when a large swell caused the cable to jump past a guard rail on the over-boarding sheave and it was damaged severely enough to warrant re-termination.

There were also problems with the ESS system. One involved the failure of the SeaBird pump, which may have contributed to the failure of key electronics in the Options underwater unit. A Raytheon pump and the MOCNESS options case were “borrowed” and the pump re-wired to an auxiliary 12 volt supply on 23 April. The ESS underwater unit also needed repair after seawater leaked into the unit through the pressure sensor tubing. Fortunately, although a half-cup of water was in the case, there was no damage. Cleaning of the circuitry with alcohol and contact cleaner, and refitting of the pressure unit tubing by Andy Girard, put the unit back in service.

On 22 April, during the towyo starting at station 29, the VPR camera system stopped working. The towed body was brought on deck at station 30 and trouble shooting of the system began. A retainer ring holding the strobe light lens had come loose inside the pressure case and allowed the lens to move out of alignment. The system was repaired during the transit to station 31 and BIOMAPER-II was re-deployed at the end of station work there. Unfortunately, one of the two cameras was still not working properly because of an alignment problem, so at the end to the transit to station 33, the towed body was again retrieved and during the short transit station 34, the VPR was worked on again.

(Peter Wiebe, Carin Ashjian, Scott Gallager [not present on Cruise], Cabell Davis [not present on Cruise])

The use of high-frequency sound to ensonify the water column and produce echograms that portray the vertical distribution of entities that backscatter sound is one of the few means of visualizing their continuous distribution and gaining some sense of their abundance. Single frequency systems while useful in this regard, are much less capable of providing insight into the taxonomic makeup of the scatterers than is a system with multiple frequencies. Likewise, echo integration provides an estimate of the strength of the backscattering as a function of depth, but does not provide any information about the size range of the entities whose backscattering has been integrated. The echosounder on BIOMAPER-II provides both echo integration data and target strength data on four of the five pairs of transducers and as a result, in combination with the ground truthing data obtained with the 1-m² MOCNESS and the VPR, should be able to provide considerable information about the distribution and abundance of the zooplankton populations along the survey tracklines. On NBP0202, a large quantity of acoustic data were collected during the 4 weeks of the survey, in spite of the down time for repairing the towed body. Approximately 400 GB of raw acoustic data were recorded and all of these data were processed in real-time so that echograms could be created and comparisons made of the changes in the backscattering fields as the cruise progressed. Refinements to the processed data are required before a final analysis can be done, but a preliminary look at the data presented below provides insight into the patterns that were observed and the changes that took place on this third SO GLOBEC broad-scale cruise.

BIOMAPER-II collects acoustic backscatter echo integration data from a total of ten echosounders (five pairs of transducers with center frequencies of 43 kHz, 120 kHz, 200 kHz, 420 kHz, and 1 MHz). Half of the transducers are mounted on the top of the tow-body looking upward, while the other half are mounted on the bottom looking downward. This arrangement enables acoustic scattering data to be collected for much of the water column as the instrument is towyoed, lowered and raised vertically between a near surface depth and some deeper depth as the ship steams at about 5 kts through the survey track. Due to differences in absorption of acoustic energy by seawater, the range limits of the transducers are different. The lower frequencies (43 and 120 kHz) collect data up to 300 m away from the instrument (in 1.5 m range bins), while the higher frequencies (all with 1 m range bins) have range limits of (150, 100, and 35 m respectively).

There were three transducer configurations used on this cruise. The original (and standard) configuration and MUX assignments were used until there were problems with the upper 200 kHz transducer. In order to determine whether the problem was with the transducer or with the echosounder, the cables for the pair of 200 kHz transducers were swapped on the transdcuer end and the MUX ports reassigned to keep the order of triggering standard. The same was done with the cables running to the 43 kHz transducers later in the cruise to see if the noise associated with them changed. This third configuration was kept to the end of the cruise.

The acoustic data were recorded by HTI software and stored as .INT, .BOT and .RAW files on a computer hard drive (Appendix 11). The data were archived on removable 40 gig hard drives. The .INT and .BOT files were further post-processed using a series of MATLAB files contained in the HTI2MAT toolbox (written by Joe Warren, Andy Pershing, Gareth Lawson, and Peter Wiebe) to combine the information from the upward and downward looking transducers. The acoustic backscatter data from the HTI system were then integrated with environmental data from the ESS (Environmental Sensing System) onboard BIOMAPER-II. These latter data included depth of the towed body, salinity, temperature, fluorescence, transmittance, and other parameters.

The integrated acoustic and environmental data were concatenated into typically half-day (am or pm) chunks and used to make maps of acoustic backscatter throughout the entire water column (or at least to the range limits of the transducers). Larger files (of the entire survey track for instance) were decimated and then plotted to provide 3D views of the data for the entire survey grid. Files were saved as d###_am_sv.mat and d###_am_sv_w.mat, and a tiff image of a plot of the acoustic data from all five frequencies was also saved. The d###_am_sv.mat files are in the correct format for looking at environmental information and can be plotted using the pretty_pic series of m-files. The data in d###_am_sv_w.mat are in New Wiebe format and can be viewed using the curtainnf.m program.

In addition, information about the three-dimensional position of BIOMAPER-II (pitch, roll, yaw) and data from the winch (tension, wire out, wire speed) were recorded.

In this report, analysis of the acoustic data collected with BIOMAPER-II is limited to qualitative descriptions of overall patterns. Future quantitative analyses and examinations of the distributions of particular taxa will await the incorporation of the acoustic data with information derived from net tows and the video plankton recorder (VPR).

The general pattern of backscattering across much of the survey area was low backscattering in the surface mixed layer, moderate backscattering in the pycnocline, a midwater zone that typically had faint scattering, and a usually well developed bottom scattering layer often 100 to 200 m above the bottom (when bottom depths were 350 to > 500 m) and often with a more intense zone 25 to 50 meters thick starting some 20 to 30 m above the bottom (Figures 15, 16). The overall levels of backscattering

appeared to be lower than last year at this same time, but higher than during the winter cruise. This basic pattern was modified in a number of ways depending upon location within the survey grid.

The acoustic backscattering in Marguerite Bay was generally much higher than that observed on the continental shelf or further offshore. In addition, there was evidence for diel vertical migration by the zooplankton populations in the Bay under some conditions (Figure 17). During the night period on 23 April, for example, the volume backscattering was highest right near the surface and this high backscattering extended down 50 to 100 m. This pattern was evident on the 120, 200, and 420 kHz echograms. By early morning, just after first light, highest backscattering was below about 50 m and a “clear” zone close to the surface had developed on the echograms. Later in the day, the scattering layer intensified at depth and there were discrete high intensity targets (fish?) present. After dark, the intense backscattering moved close to the surface in the zone that had been clear of scatterers during the day and the nighttime pattern was restored.

The persistent occurrence of the bottom layer on NBP0202 was a feature observed on the previous two cruises. The pattern of distribution of this bottom layer was also similar in that it varied in thickness from 25 to as much as 250 m (Figures 15, 16). This layer was visible primarily at 120, 200, and 420 kHz, although it was seen best on the 120 kHz because of its greater range. The bottom layer was less well developed in the northern portion of the grid and best developed on the continental shelf in mid-shelf areas off of Marguerite Bay and further south. Unlike, the previous year, on the more southerly transects, the bottom layer was not pronounced on the outer shelf. The highest deep scattering was observed in Marguerite Bay in Lebeuf Fjord and the Marguerite Trough off of the northern end of Alexander Island.

Intense patches of krill-like scatterers (a number of which were confirmed as krill patches by the VPR) were seen principally in two distinct locations. 1) Discrete patches ranging from a few hundred meters to as much as two kilometers horizontally and a few tens of meters to about 100 m vertically occurred sporadically along the outer portion of the continental shelf, but inside of the shelf break on the northern six survey lines. They were much less frequent in the more southerly portion of the grid until survey line 13 when they again occurred fairly frequently. They were absent from much of the mid-shelf region on the northern half of the grid, but occurred sporadically in the southern end. 2) Intense layers of krill occurred in the entrance to Crystal Sound just north of Adelaide Island, in the vicinity of station 7 next to the Fuchs Ice Piedmont on Adelaide Island, and in inshore waters west of Alexander Island, Rothschild Island, the Wilkins Ice Shelf , and Charcot Island. Somewhat less intense backscattering layers occurred throughout Marguerite Bay (including under the pack ice in George VI sound) that also were composed of krill, but not in the concentrations seen in the other inshore areas or last year’s first cruise.

Another feature that has occurred frequently on this and the other two cruises was the presence of a zone of moderate backscattering starting at the top of the pycnocline that varied between being either a diffuse weak single layer or a series of thin layers of somewhat more intense scattering. On occasion, the latter tended to each be 7 to 10 meters thick, and similar in placement and dimensions to those observed in the CTD profiles. The fact that the backscattering is associated with the physical structure of the water column leads to the hypothesis that the scattering in the thin layers is due to microstructure/turbulence. The microstructure measurements made with the CMiPS sensor on the CTD/rossette should help determine this. Related to the thin layers, were the presence of internal waves in one set of the backscattering records. On the transit to station 23, after completing the work at station 22, an internal wave was highlighted on 120, 200, and 420 kHz echograms at 90 to 130 m below the

surface. It had 10 m wave heights (trough to crest), which showed up as thin layers of alternating high and low backscattering. Another wave packet was also seen on this off shore transit, but no others were noted elsewhere.

At a number of locations along the mid- and outer shelf areas, and offshore waters, the 1 MHz transducers had high backscattering levels in the 0-60 m depth interval that correlated with very high diatom and radiolarian concentrations that were observed on the Video Plankton Recorder. A diatom bloom of significant proportions had been occurring in the northern and central portion of the SO GLOBEC survey grid and this was most evident in the 1 MHz echograms, but also the 420 kHz (Figure 16). This high backscattering was not observed in Marguerite Bay nor was it very evident on the southern portion of the grid. Although, chlorophyll concentrations were not particularly elevated, surface (0-50 m) net tows in the area of high 1 MHz backscatter often came up dominated by a “green goo” in which it was hard to find many zooplankton. Survey line 2 was sampled twice during the cruise between station 8 and 10 and on the second pass, the intense backscattering was not present, providing an indication of the time frame for the end of the bloom (Figure 18).

As on the two previous cruises, very little backscattering was observed on the 43 khz transducers and most locations throughout the grid. Our interpretation of this remains that there are few larger targets present at this time of year that scatter sound at this frequency.

On the final day of scientific work, an in situ calibration was undertaken of all the transducers. To do the calibration, the upper looking transducers were taken out of their top frame mounts and bolted into a calibration rig that Terry Hammar (WHOI) had made up to bolt onto one side of the towed body so that both sets of transducers were side by side facing downward. A series of 3 standard targets (calibration balls of 31.8 mm, 21.2 mm, and ping pong ball) were suspended underneath the transducers at 5, 6, and 7 m. A number of runs with different sets of the transducers were done with the calibration balls hanging directly under them. In spite of the very low winds, the very narrow beamwidths (3 degrees for all, but the 43 kHz, which was 6 degrees) together with moderate current made it difficult to get the balls aligned with the axis of the transducers. After three hours, a satisfactory set of measurements was obtained. More detailed analyses of these calibration data will be critical to scaling measurements of acoustic backscattering to quantitative estimates of zooplankton abundance.

4.2.3 Video Plankton Recorder (C. Ashjian, S. Gallager [PI not present on cruise], C. Davis [PI not present on cruise])

The Video Plankton Recorder (VPR) is an underwater video microscope that images and identifies plankton and seston in the size range 0.5–25 mm and quantifies their abundances, often in real time. As part of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC Program, the goal of the VPR studies is to quantify the abundance of larval krill as well as krill prey, including copepods, large phytoplankton, and marine snow.

BIOMAPER-II integrates the acquisition of VPR video data with the acquisition of high-resolution acoustical backscatter data in order to better quantify abundance patterns of adult krill. The two systems

together allow high-resolution data to be obtained on adult and larval krill and their prey. The range-gated acoustical data provide distributional data at a higher horizontal resolution than is possible with the towyoed VPR, while the video data provides high-resolution taxa-specific abundance patterns along the towpath of the VPR. In addition to generating high-resolution taxa-specific distributional patterns, the VPR allows for direct identification, enumeration, and sizing of objects in acoustic scattering layers that the VPR is able to view, so that the VPR data are used to calibrate the acoustical data. The BIOMAPER-II towed body also includes a standard suite of environmental sensors (CTD, fluorometer, transmissometer).

4.2.3.3.1 Cameras and strobe: A two-camera VPR was mounted on the BIOMAPER-II towed body for this cruise. The cameras and strobe were mounted on top of BIOMAPER-II, forward of the tow point. The cameras were synchronized at 60 HZ with a 16-watt strobe.

4.2.3.3.2 Calibration: The two cameras were calibrated to determine the field of views (width and height of the video field) of the imaged volumes for each camera by using a translucent grid placed at the center of focus. One field of view was utilized for the entire cruise for the high magnification camera while three slightly different fields of view were utilized for the low magnification camera because of changes in camera settings during the cruise. The field width and height of the high magnification camera were 10 x 8 mm, respectively, while the low magnification camera had a field of view of 21 mm x 15.5 mm for the first portion of the cruise, 19 mm x 15 mm for the middle portion, and 20.5 mm x 15 mm for the latter portion. The depth of field of the imaged volume was estimated to be 50 mm for the low magnification camera and 55 mm for the high magnification camera. The depth of field can be quantified by videotaping a tethered copepod as it is moved into and out of focus along the camera-strobe axis using a micropositioner, while recording (on audio track) the distance traveled by the copepod in mm. The cameras and strobe will be shipped back to Woods Hole after the cruise in their final configuration for final calibration and the establishment of the depth of field.

4.2.3.3.3 Video Recording and Processing. The analog video signals (NTSC) from the two cameras were sent from the fiber optic modulator (receiver) in the winch drum through coaxial slip rings and a deck cable to the BIOMAPER-II van. The incoming video was stamped with VITC and LTC time code using a Horita Inc. model GPS time code generator. Horita character inserters were used to burn time code directly on the visible portion of the video near the bottom of the screen. The two video streams with time code then were recorded on two Panasonic AG1980 SVHS recorders and looped through these recorders to two image processing computers.

The software package Visual Plankton (WHOI developed and licensed) was used to process the VPR video streams. This software is a combination of Matlab and C++ code and consists of several components including focus detection, manual sorting of a training set of in-focus images, neural net training, image feature extraction, and classification. Visual Plankton was run on two Dell Inc. Pentium 4 1.4GHZ computers (Windows 2000 operating system) containing Matrox Inc. Meteor II NTSC video capture cards. The two video streams (=camera outputs) were processed simultaneously using the two computers (one stream per computer).

Regions of each field that were in focus (“region of interest (ROI)”) were extracted and saved to “tif” files using a focus detection program written in C++. This step was conducted in real time as the video images were collected. The focus detection program interfaces with the Matrox Meteor II board using calls to the Mil-Lite software written by Matrox Inc. The incoming analog video stream first was digitized by the Meteor II frame grabber at field rates (i.e. 60 fields per second). Each field was digitized at 640 by 207 pixels, cropping out the lower portion of the field to remove the burned-in time code. The digitized image then was normalized for brightness and segmented (binarized) at a threshold (150) so that the pixels above the threshold were set to 255 and ones below the threshold were set to 0. The program then ran a connectivity routine that stepped through each scan line of the video field and to determine which of the “on” pixels (those having a value of 255) in the field were connected to each other. Once these clusters, termed “blobs”, were found, it was determined whether they were above the minimum size threshold, and if so, they were sent to the edge detection routine to determine the mean Sobel edge value of the blob. If the Sobel value was above the focus threshold, the region of interest (ROI) containing the blob was expanded by a specified constant and saved to the hard disk as a TIFF image using the time of capture as the name of the file. The digitized video, as well as the segmented image, Sobel sub-images, and final ROIs were all displayed on the computer monitor as processing took place. ROI files were saved in hourly subdirectories contained in Julian day directories.

Once a sufficient number of ROIs were written to hourly directories, a subset of the ROIs was copied to another directory for manual sorting of the images into taxa-specific folders using an image-sorting program (Compupic). Another program was run to extract the features and sizes from these sorted ROIs and set up the necessary files for training the neural network classifier. At this point, the training program was executed which built the neural network classifier. Once the classifier was built, the feature extraction and classification programs processed all the ROIs collected thus far.

These automatic identification results were written to taxa-specific directories containing hourly files, the latter comprising lists of times when individuals of a taxon were observed.

Plankton abundances coincident with the environmental data (e.g., pressure, temperature, fluorescence) were obtained by binning the times when specific plankton were observed into the time bins (4-second intervals) of the navigational and physical data from the environmental sensors. The number of animals observed during each 4-second interval was divided by the volume imaged during that period to produce a concentration at that time/depth in # of individuals/L. Size parameters for each individual and the mean size of individuals within each time interval were derived from parameters defined during the feature extraction procedure; area was used to describe particle size since it is relatively independent of orientation, unlike length, and can easily be converted to equivalent spherical diameter for comparison with other plankton size quantification instruments. These data were combined to produce comprehensive files of the environmental, plankton abundance, and plankton size data which then were utilized to produce curtain plots of environmental parameters (data mapped to a regular grid using the NCAR ZGRID routine) and dot plots or curtain plots of the plankton abundances. Plots of the environmental variables were produced in real time during the cruise.

Video Plankton Recorder data were collected along the survey grid between CTD stations as the BIOMAPER-II was towyoed between depths of 20-30 m and 250 m or to within what was deemed a safe distance from the bottom and the under-ice surface. When in ice, the upper depths of the sampling range (30 m) were somewhat deeper than usually used with the BIOMAPER-II in order to avoid collisions between ice chunks and the vehicle. The ship steamed at 5 knots during the grid sampling.

Sampling in an ice covered sea produces multiple challenges, the most notable being the dangers associated with snagging the cable on ice floes in the wake of the ship and the ship coming to a halt to back and ram because of heavy ice conditions. Fortunately, the ice encountered during most of the cruise could be traversed easily by the ship, with ice chunks advected away from the wake and clear of the wire. The wire position was monitored closely using a dedicated video camera at all times when the ship was in ice. It was necessary to recover the BIOMAPER-II so that the ship could easily maneuver only in the deep snow covered ice of George VI sound.

The quality of the video signals from both cameras was very high during the entire cruise. The quality of the images from the high magnification camera were quite good, being sharp and of high contrast. Many particles of marine snow were observed with the high magnification camera, perhaps because of the close alignment of the camera and strobe. For the low magnification camera, high quality images were obtained initially. During the 11^th tow, the strobe lens apparently was dislodged, causing the strobe to be out of focus. The lens was re-affixed upon recovery of the BIOMAPER-II after the tow. However, the low magnification camera had gone out of alignment as well, either during the process of repairing the strobe or during the event which may have caused the strobe lens to dislodge (the BIOMAPER-II may have been subject to some shock force during several high tension jerks on the cable that occurred in heavy seas). The focal point of the low magnification camera had changed from midway between the strobe and camera tubes to within 2” of the face plate of the camera tube. The camera was removed from the tube and then lens discovered to be loose from the body. The camera was re-set, unfortunately using an f-stop of 5.6. This resulted in a much lower depth of field than the previous setting. The contrast of the images also was lower and very few objects were in focus. The camera settings again were adjusted following Tow 30, using an f-stop of f-8 and increasing the depth of field. These images were similar to those collected prior to the camera misalignment.

The abundance of invertebrates, including krill, was much reduced during this cruise than during the previous fall cruise (NBP0103, April-May 2001). This was evident both from the low abundances seen by the VPR and also from low abundances captured using the MOCNESS plankton net system. Regardless, it was remarkable how few krill were observed using the VPR. Furthermore, it appeared that when krill were present, the ROI extraction program did not capture krill images. This may have been because the krill were not within the imaged volume and out of focus or because the parameter settings were incorrect on the wrtvpr program. The parameter settings were set using the most common type of particle field, which for this cruise consisted of marine snow, algal mats, diatoms, radiolarians, and small copepods. Because of the high contrast, the Sobel setting was high for both cameras. Lowering the Sobel setting, and hence increasing the likelihood of capturing an image, resulted in the capture of many images of out-of-focus “ellipses”. The scant abundances of krill that were observed could not be used quantitatively to describe krill distributions because they were so rare. Hence, the more stringent Sobel settings were utilized to prevent the collection of even more out-of-focus images.

Overall, a high number of images were collected from both cameras. For example, over 62,000 images were collected during one eight hour tow that was conducted in an area with high marine snow and diatom abundance. This resulted in a storage problem. The number of ROIs easily overwhelmed the storage space available on the computers. Diligent backups of ROIs during the cruise permitted us to delete already backed up tows to make room for new images from subsequent tows. Because the BIOMAPER-II was in use for much of the cruise, and hence the computers were busy, it was difficult to accomplish much beyond disk space management during the cruise.

Images were transferred from the primary ROI collection computers to an additional computer for identification to be used to develop the classification algorithm. After the images were classified manually to taxa, they were transferred back to the primary computers where the feature extraction and classification development were conducted. For both cameras, this occurred late in the cruise when the computers were available for this activity.

Classification algorithms for both cameras were developed. For the low magnification camera, it was initially thought that three algorithms would be necessary, one for each of the camera setups. However, examination of the ROIs revealed that a single algorithm would suffice for both of the periods when the f-stop of the camera was set to f8 and that the images collected when the f-stop was set to f5.6 were so poor that it is doubtful whether they would be of any use, since so few were in focus. For the low magnification camera, a classifier that identified 5 taxa was developed. The taxa included copepods, algal mats, diatoms, radiolarians, and “fuzzy” (out of focus images). It was hoped that the “fuzzy” category would effectively eliminate out of focus images. Because larval krill are the target species of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC study, an effort was made to include this taxon in a classification algorithm. However, it was discovered that the algorithm incorrectly classified many images as larval krill. Larval krill simply were too rare to be included in the classification algorithms. Furthermore, the classification routine was unable to differentiate between diatoms and radiolarians, classifying all radiolarians as diatoms and producing no images classified as radiolarians. Hence, in practice, three taxa were identified for the low magnification camera: copepods, algal mats (including marine snow), and diatoms (including radiolarians). The accuracy of the classification of the training algorithms was 90.2%. The images from all tows when the camera was set to f8 (4-13, 31-63) were classified during the cruise.

Five taxa were utilized to develop the classification algorithm for the high magnification camera: algal mats, copepods, fuzzy, UIDstick, and marine snow. Based on experience from the low magnification camera, and also on the type of images, all stick like taxa (diatoms, radiolarians) were clumped into a single category of unidentified stick (UIDstick) since the classification algorithm would be unable to differentiate between these categories. The training classification accuracy was 84.3% and the algorithm did appear to differentiate between algal mats and marine snow. Because of the high number of ROIs extracted from each tow, classification is very time consuming. As many as 8000 ROIs were extracted per hour for some tows. Hence, it was impossible to complete the classification of images during the cruise and only images from Tows 4-24, 50, and 56-63 were classified.

Low abundances of plankton were observed in the study region during the cruise. In particular, low abundances of large copepods and larval krill were obtained. The reasons for this are not clear. Low abundances relative to the fall of 2001 were present based on the MOCNESS plankton net system collections. In particular, much lower abundances of larval krill were present than had been observed previously. The low abundances of krill in the video images may have resulted from several factors: 1) avoidance of the BIOMAPER by fast swimming krill, 2) low abundances of furcilia, which are smaller and weaker swimmers and hence less able to escape than larger krill, and 3) the abundance of krill and large copepods being less than the “critical” concentration at which the VPR samples effectively. There were some periods when the BIOMAPER-II was placed into depths of elevated backscatter intensity and during which krill were noted as appearing on the video monitors but were not extracted by the ROI extraction processor; these periods will be re-examined from the video tape to determine if the krill were present within the imaged volume and in fact in focus.

One of the marked distinctions of the cruise was the high numbers of algal mats that were observed early in the cruise in the northern portion of the survey grid. These algal mats appeared to be quite fresh and composed of diatom chains which had coalesced together into a “mat” or “nest” of cells. Single diatom chains also were observed. Another distinction was the observation of marine snow particles by the VPR; it is unlikely that marine snow was much more common, except for algal mats, during the present cruise than during previous cruises. The high abundance observed may have been a result of the alignment of the cameras relative to the strobe. Numerous small copepods also were observed, some with eggs (although not in sufficient densities to develop a separate category for copepods with eggs). Very few worms were observed and virtually no pteropods.

The most striking observation from the VPR, and also from MOCNESS and acoustic backscatter data, was that plankton abundances were lower in the water column at all locations across the Shelf and in Marguerite Bay than had been observed during the previous fall cruise. Plankton abundances were more similar to the abundances seen during winter 2001 than during the fall of 2001. The presence of large algal mats in the northern region of the grid at the beginning of the cruise also was striking.

A section of the second transect was re-sampled at the end of the cruise, allowing a comparison between the hydrographic and biological characteristics of the water column between the two times (April 16 and May 14, 2002; Figure 19). The temperature structure of the water column had evolved during the period. In April, winter water from the previous winter was observed as the band of low temperature water between 50-100 m extending across the section. Much warmer water also was present at ~ 69.6°W in the deepest part of the water column which resulted from an intrusion of warm, salty Antarctic Circumpolar Current water onto the shelf. A month later, the upper portion of the water column had cooled considerably because of seasonal cooling and winter water was absent. Warm water was present at depth at the western end of the transect (~70.4°W). Isolines (salinity and density not shown) shoaled upwards at the eastern end of the transect.

During April, elevated abundances of algal mats/marine snow were observed in and below the winter water, extending throughout the water column to depth. Greater abundances were observed offshore. By May, abundances of algal mats/marine snow were much reduced, being present in high abundances at only a few depths. Most striking was the change in the size (area, mm²) of the algal mat/marine snow

particles. During April, the mean size was much greater with a wider range (mean=26.09, sd= 18.05 mm²) than during May (mean 4.37, sd 2.59 mm²). The particles observed in April were significantly larger than those observed in May (ANOVA, p<0.05). Based both on dimensions and visual observation of video images, the particles observed during May were mostly smaller, marine snow particles while those seen in April were large, algal mats. The high abundance of algal mats seen throughout the water column during April had settled to the benthos during the month intervening between the two sampling periods. Abundances of copepods were much greater during May than during April.

4.2.4 Water column hydrographic and environmental characteristics from the BIOMAPER-II ESS system (Carin Ashjian, Peter Wiebe)

The BIOMAPER-II was equipped with a CTD, fluorometer, and transmissometer (ESS; environmental sensing system) to describe the hydrographic and environmental characteristics of the water column that then will be related to plankton distributions and abundances. For the Video Plankton Recorder, which is mounted on the BIOMAPER-II, the environmental data are collected coincidentally in time and space with the plankton distributions. For the acoustic data, the hydrographic data are coincident only within the period of an up or down cast (10-45 minutes, depending on the water depth) and distance between casts (<1-2 km). The towyos of the BIOMAPER-II were more closely spaced than the standard stations at which the CTD casts were conducted and hence these data provide a higher resolution spatial description of the hydrographic features than obtained from the CTD casts.

Data were collected in two phases: A broad scale survey covering much of the region, but which missed several key locations because of equipment breakdown and the period after the broad scale survey during which these missed locations were surveyed, but much less synoptically. Because of temporal changes in hydrographic characteristics, especially the temperature in the upper water column, these later sampled data were not included in the plots presented in this report. The standard VPR group (Ashjian, Davis, Gallager) plotting software (developed in Matlab) was used to generate 3-dimensional plots of the environmental data.

The options underwater unit for the BIOMAPER-II ESS failed partway through the cruise and was replaced by the options unit from the MOCNESS plankton net system that also was on board in order to continue to obtain fluorescence and transmissivity data. The transmissometer frequently gave unrealistic values, perhaps because of condensation within the sensor or ice. Most transmissometer data must be treated with caution.

The survey data reveal that the water column was sharply stratified in both temperature and salinity throughout the study area (Figures 20 a, b) . The penetration of Upper Circumpolar Deep Water (warm, salty) onto the shelf is seen in the lower portions of the water column along the shelf break and in the northern region along the second transect from the north. This water extended quite far into Marguerite Bay in the deep trough that intersects the shelf. Note the diminished effect of UCDW across transects in the southern portion of the survey. Lowest salinity was found in coastal currents near the coast in Laubeuf Fjord (upper Marguerite Bay), in southern Marguerite Bay, off of Alexander Island, and near the

coast in the northeastern portion. Density patterns (not shown) were most similar to the distribution of salinity. Temperature in the upper 50 m demonstrated a temporal pattern, with seasonal cooling resulting in colder temperatures in the south (later) relative to the north (earlier).

Fluorescence values were very low throughout the region (Figure 20 c). Elevated fluorescence also was seen at the western/oceanic ends of the transects in the upper portion of the water column in the transects in the middle of the survey region and in Marguerite Bay. A diatom bloom, and the formation of algal mats, were observed across the northern transects and near the shelf break using the VPR and the distribution of fluorescence supports these observations. Greatest fluorescence was seen in the upper water column, associated with the remnants of the winter water above the thermocline.

4.2.5 Acknowledgments. The PI’s thank the other members of the BIOMAPER-II Group (Phil Alatalo, Mark Dennett, Phil Taisey, Amy Kukulya, Gaelin Rosenwaks, Andy Girard, and Peter Martin) for their tireless assistance in towyoing BIOMAPER-II and in keeping it running. A special thanks to Mark Dennett in helping to process the acoustics data. We also express our deep appreciation to the MTS who helped launch, recover, and repair the towed body on a number of occasions and to Johnny Pierce and his engine room crew for quickly effecting the repairs to the “garage” van electrical system after the fire.

4.3 ROV observations of juvenile krill distribution, abundance, and behavior (Philip Alatalo, Andrew Girard, Amy Kukulya, Gaelin Rosenwaks, Scott Gallager[PI not present on the cruise])

The seasonal accumulation of ice is an effective barrier preventing traditional methods of assessing organism populations associating with the underside of ice. Ice provides cover, a refuge from predators, and a substrate for potential food items for krill, particularly krill furcilia. The ROV is used to observe and quantify juvenile krill distributions, abundance, size structure, and behavior.

The Sea Rover ROV was equipped with a navigational pan/tilt color camera, compass and depth sensor. Mounted forward of the camera was a 43 cm horizontal bar with two black/white video cameras and a single strobe, which allowed stereo images of 1-m³ imaged volume. Additional sensors included a Microcat SBE-37 CTD, a DVL Navigator 1200 kHz ADCP, and an Imagenex 630 kHz-1mHz scanning sonar used to navigate. An upward-pointing light was installed to aid tether-tenders providing under-ice location information to the operator.

The ROV was deployed off the stern starboard quarter with the aft crane into leads created by the ship. Surveys were conducted into nearby ice for up to 60 m, though efficient handling of the vehicle warranted no more than 45 m of tether released into the water column. Unlike the previous cruise, no clump weight was used to anchor the tether. Under ideal conditions, the survey track line would radiate out from the ship, return, and radiate out at a slightly different bearing, thereby covering new territory each time. Approximately an hour was taken to conduct the survey.

Data collected included conductivity, temperature, depth, current/vehicle speed and direction, sonar, macroscopic video, and microscopic video of the underside of the ice surface. Observations of above-ice conditions and the overall survey track were noted. Video analysis in Woods Hole will entail estimation of furcilia density, patch size, swimming velocity, and behavior correlating with gradients in temperature, conductivity, and subsurface ice structure.

ROV under-ice surveys were conducted at Stations 56, 58,76, 85, 88, 92, 28, and CS1 (Table 5). These stations constituted in-shore locations along Adelaide, Alexander, Rothschild, and Charcot Islands as well as a mid-shelf station on Grid Transect 12 (Figure21). Ice conditions varied from thin, small pancake to heavy pack ice with small bergs. Ice encountered in Marguerite Bay on the eastern side of Alexander Island was very thick, snow-covered, with some bergs submerged to 12m. At Station 56, large slabs and crevices were present underwater. The ice surface was smooth and no organisms were observed. Station 58 ice cover appeared similar to Station 56, but underwater rugged pieces of ice had more protrusions and appeared more eroded. Several krill furcilia were observed as singles or small groups. An amphipod and two ctenophores were also recorded. Station 76, west of Alexander Island and north of Rothschild Island was cut short due to a broken wire on the strobe. Despite the presence of crevices and contoured ice, no organisms were seen using the navigational camera. Station 85, directly east of Charcot Island provided wonderful footage of single and small groups of krill furcilia congregating amongst contours in the older ice. Thin, new ice bordering the older berg held far fewer furcilia. Video images were very clear, imaging the distinct motion of pleopods, the swimming appendages of krill. The mid-shelf station 88 provided consolidated pancake ice at the surface; the underwater surface was one continuous sheet of smooth ice. Only a few krill furcilia were observed in this deployment. Station 92 was our southern-most deployment. The ice pack here at the tip of Charcot Island was mixed: smooth pancake ice next to year-old floes approximately 2 m thick. Subsurface ice features were smooth with little structure. Krill furcilia appeared singly in association with older, more contoured ice. Station 28 (which was sampled with the ROV after the grid survey was completed) was located at the southwest end of Adelaide Island. Here we documented early krill furcilia colonization of very new pancake ice. Subsurface structure was limited to the down-turned edge of each pancake. Many furcilia were present as individuals and small groups, swimming directly below the smooth ice surface. Ctenophores and amphipods were also present. At the opposite end of Adelaide Island, dense swarms of adult and juvenile krill were documented in the deep water of Crystal Sound, but did not appear in mixed ice at the surface. Krill furcilia were also absent in this inshore station, suggesting that time or space scales are different for habitat utilization between larval and adult forms.

We would like to gratefully acknowledge the able assistance of the bridge, MT's, and fellow watch-standers who helped deploy and recover Sea Rover.

4.4 Microplankton Studies (Philip Alatalo, Amy Kukulya, Scott Gallager[PI not present on the cruise])

The objective of our study is to characterize microplankton populations from the western Antarctic peninsula and document their motility patterns. We are particularly interested in the distribution of pelagic ciliates and heterotrophic dinoflagellates in relation to horizontal and vertical gradients within the water column. While many ecosystems are well defined by the types of plants and animals that seasonally occur there, we hope to include microplankton in this characterization and to further extend this definition to include motility of microzooplankton. Similar studies at the GLOBEC site on Georges Bank, NW Atlantic, have demonstrated the potential importance of microplankton as prey for larval cod and haddock and preliminary experiments from the previous SO GLOBEC cruise NBP0104, show that krill furcilia are capable of consuming microplankton. Therefore the abundance and swimming behavior of such prey may be important in determining overwintering strategies of krill populations.

Samples were procured from 10-l Niskin bottles deployed at standard stations along the survey grid. Typically, samples were taken from three depths: surface, pycnocline, and bottom. Additional samples were taken in instances where subsurface features showed salinity, temperature, or fluorescence discontinuities. All samples were gently siphoned from the top of the Niskin bottle to avoid damaging fragile protozoans or algal colonies. At each depth two samples were taken: one for video filming and one preserved in 2 % Lugol's fixative. Based on motility or abundance observations, selected video samples were fixed in 1% formalin. These samples were stained with acridine orange or DAPI, filtered onto black micropore filters, and examined under the onboard Zeiss microscope. Video samples were transferred to a 250-ml filming flask and recorded using a Sony black and white video camera outfitted with a macro-lens. Light was provided with a microscope ring illuminator and the entire recording system was self-contained in a gimbaled frame to minimize motion from the ship. Temperature was kept constant at 2 deg. C. Recording was achieved using a Panasonic AG1980 SVHS video recorder. While recording a 2-3 minute sequence for later analysis, observations on abundance and motility of particles were made. Lugol's samples were kept cool and in the dark awaiting transport to Woods Hole. There they will be placed in settling chambers to be counted and identified. Video segments from each station will be converted into AVI files and processed. Particle size, abundance, velocity (speed/direction), net to gross displacement, and energy dissipation will be calculated and used to describe the microplankton community.

A total of 89 stations were sampled along the grid and at special locations following the grid transect. From these stations 304 separate video recordings and Lugol’s samples were made (see Appendix 7). An additional 32 samples were fixed in 1 % formalin for microscopic staining and identification. Notes taken during filming were used to determine the following observations.

First, particle abundance was generally greater at the surface than at other depths. However bottom samples were distinguished by often containing a great number of very small particles. Overall, concentrations of particles remained the same or decreased gradually over the survey, declining noticeably on the very last transect, #13. Inshore stations seemed to harbor small diatoms, ciliates, and flagellates, whereas larger diatoms such as Corethron and Chaetoceros convolutus seemed prevalent offshore and along the deep shelf waters. Large, slow-swimming ciliates appeared inshore at George VI sound and tintinnids appeared more frequently at the mouth of Marguerite Bay. Diversity of microplankton appeared quite high initially (Figure22) and declined as winter conditions set in.

The ciliate Mesodinium sp was present in nearly every surface sample. Offshore it was found as deep as 200m (Sta. 23, 68), but typically was found in the well mixed surface waters down to 50m. By survey transect #10, Mesodinium began to decline in abundance in shallow waters and by #11 was infrequent along the shelf. On transects 12 and 13, it was absent in offshore waters. Comparison with surface salinity data from the CTD will prove useful in determining any correlation with fresher water.

Motility of microzooplankton followed a general pattern of little activity along the shelf and highest activity at offshore and nearshore stations. Swimming activity was due most often to dinoflagellates, both heterotrophic and autotrophic. Ciliates were fewer in number and exhibited swimming behavior that most often was fairly fast and sinusoidal. Mesodinium, in contrast, hovers for a few seconds and then darts in a random direction approximately 2 mm. Tintinnids exhibited forward swimming followed immediately by backing up, changing direction, and swimming ahead. Large, lumbering ciliates displayed a much slower, less directed swimming pattern. Analysis of video tapes in Woods Hole will determine swimming velocity, net to gross displacement, energy dissipation, and size distribution of organisms. Examination of Lugol's samples will help identify the organisms exhibiting these swimming characteristics. Ice cover and hydrographic data from the cruise will help determine factors affecting the distribution of microplankton along the western peninsula during austral winter.

Water from the CTD at the surface and the bottom of the mixed layer was sequentially filtered for the development of eukaryotic clone libraries. Samples from stations within Marguerite Bay (36, 52, 55) and to the north (9) and south (83) of the Bay along the continental shelf were frozen and will be returned to Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution for amplification and further processing. These are some initial samples for methods testing in preparation for a return trip to the Antarctic in 2003. Along with samples collected on a previous cruise to the Ross Sea, we plan to construct various group and genus specific molecular probes for use in trying to better understand microbial community structure in this cold environment.

The material properties of zooplankton are very important parameters that are necessary to the interpretation of acoustic backscattering data from zooplankton. Antarctic krill, such as Euphausia superba, can be treated acoustically as weakly scattering fluid objects, which means that their bodies do not have or have negligible elastic properties. As a result, the sound speed contrast (h) and density

contrast (g) of an individual relative to the surrounding seawater are the two dominant acoustic parameters of the material properties of the weakly scattering zooplankton. It has been shown that a few percent errors in these parameters could cause order of magnitude error in estimates of abundance and/or biomass of zooplankton (Chu et al., 2000 a,b). However, few measurements have ever been made of g and h for zooplankton and little is known about how they vary for any species with depth, season, or life stage. This project is focusing on obtaining such data for zooplankton, especially krill, in the SO GLOBEC study region.

To conduct this type of measurements, a specially designed Acoustic Properties Of Plankton (APOP) instrument was used during the cruise. The system was modified from the original version in order to make a series measurements in one cast. The basic idea of the APOP is to measure the time difference for acoustic waves or sounds traveling directly from one acoustic transducer (the transmitter) to another transducer (the receiver) with and without animals in the acoustic path. If sound travels faster in animal bodies than in water, the travel time with animals present in the acoustic path will be shorter and vice versa. The ratio of the sound speed in animals to that in water is called sound speed contrast or h, and is an important parameter used in describing acoustic scattering by weakly scattering objects such as krill.

A dual-chamber acoustic apparatus was used in the modified APOP, with one being a primary acoustic chamber holding animals and seawater, and the other as a secondary or a reference chamber holding just seawaer that can provide information reflecting relative sound speed changes at different depths. Each acoustic chamber contains two identical broadband transducers with a center frequency around 500 kHz and a bandwidth of about 300 kHz. The two chambers were mounted next to each other in a stainless steel bucket-shaped container.

Similar to the sound speed contrast, the density contrast or g, is another important parameter used in describing acoustic scattering by weakly scattering objects. It is defined as the ratio of the density of the animals to that of the surrounding water. To measure the density, or density contrast of the krill on board the ship, a motion compensated dual-density method was used. The ship motion was compensated by using an additional electric balance. Two identical electric balances (Ohaus, AP210) were mounted on the same table next to each other, with one as a primary balance and the other as a reference balance. The latter had a calibration mass on its weighing platform throughout the measurement. Since both balances underwent the same accelerations, the fluctuations of the weight readings from the two balances were supposed to be simultaneous. The output digital readings from the two balances were received by a computer through the serial links (RS 232) and then the actual weight of the object being weighted on the primary balance could be inferred or calculated. The relative accuracy of this motion compensated weighing system was better than 0.02%.

The main focus of the material property measurements on krill during this cruise was to use live animals. To catch live krill as well as other live zooplankton, a 1 m diameter “Reeve” net was used, with a mesh size of 333 microns. The codend bucket of the Reeve net is much larger than those of MOCNESS, more than 4 times larger in volume. The krill that we caught were almost exclusively Euphausia superba. Other than krill, animals that were caught with Reeve net were copepods, mostly Calanus sp., amphipods (Parathemisto sp.), and diatoms (Table 6).

In addition to the animals we collected using the Reeve net, the group studying krill ecology and physiology lead by Dr. Kendra Daly on the L.M. Gould was willing to spare some of their live animals without interfering with their experiments. Through the two rendezvous with the Gould on April 23 and April 30, Kendra generously provided a large number of live krill (more than 200, E. superba and E. crystallorophias) and other zooplankton (mysids, amphipods, and copepods), as well as about 25 different sized fish (Pleuragramma) for use in the material properties experiments.

The APOP casts were all made from the surface to 205 m depth, except for the one on May 5 at station 77, where the water depth was only 180 m. The measurements were made at 20 m interval from 5 m to 205 m during both down and up casts. A total of 18 APOP casts were made. There were 16 casts with animals inside the APOP acoustic chambers (Table 7), including 10 with E. superba, two with E. crytallorophias, and two with copepods (Calanus). There were also two calibration casts made at the end of the cruise and two test casts made at the beginning of the cruise. The density contrast measurements were always conducted right after a sound speed measurement was made either on shipboard or during an APOP cast. The dual-density method was used throughout the cruise, except for one measurement of fish (Pleuragramma) where a displacement volume method was used instead.

There were total of 16 APOP casts, measuring the sound speed contrast of zooplankton, and corresponding density contrast measurements, as well as a number of shipboard measurements (Table 7).

One of the primary objectives of our project during this cruise was to study the temperature and pressure (depth) dependence of sound speed contrast of krill. The target species was E. superba and it was used in 10 out of 14 casts. The size range of the animals used in the casts varied from about 20 mm to 57 mm ( as measured from anterior to the eyeball to the tip of telson), which covered life stages from juvenile to sub-adult, and to the adult. We also made two APOP casts on another krill species, E. crystallorophias, whose minimum size was smaller than E. superba (Everson, 2000). The size distribution of the E. crystallorophias used in the two casts varied from 21 mm to 38 mm, with a mean size of 32 mm and a standard deviation of 3 mm, a much narrower distribution than that of E. superba.

There was no statistically significant depth dependence observed from the data sets involving E. superba, but there was a mild depth-dependence in sound speed contrast for E. crystallorophias, in which the sound speed contrasts were maximal at around 85 m and 105 m for the two casts, respectively.

For density contrast, all measurements were made in the ship lab. The mean density of 13 measurements made on krill E. superba was 1.025, with a standard deviation of 0.008. However, the density contrasts of E. crystallorophias from two measurements were 1.009 and 1.000, respectively, and were significantly smaller than the mean value of E. superba. Both the density and sound speed contrasts of the two krill species were relatively small compared with those of decapod shrimp (Palaemonetes vulgaris), whose sound speed and density contrasts are almost always greater than 1.04 (Chu et al., 2000a, b).

Although there were no statistically significant differences in measured sound speed and density contrasts between the freshly caught animals and those kept alive in aquariums for a longer time, there were slight size dependences observed from the data. Linear regressions showed that the density and sound speed contrasts had gradients of 5.485e-4 and 5.942e-4, respectively (Figure 23). This means that the difference of the target strength between a juvenile krill of size 27 mm and an adult krill of size 54 mm would be about 5 dB more than that resulting purely from size difference (6 dB in this case).

Two APOP calibration casts were performed towards the end of the cruise on May 12 and May 15. The first one was conducted in the mouth of Marguerite Bay between Alexander Island and Adelaide Island and the second one was conducted in Crystal Sound. The objective of the calibration was to compare the differences in travel times between the two sets of transducer pairs that make up the APOP system. As noted above, one set of transducers is used for the primary acoustic chamber, which is filled with animals during a normal cast, and the other pair is in the reference chamber, which is kept empty during a cast. However, during the calibration casts, the compartments of both chambers were empty. The two calibrations casts gave the consistent results and will be incorporated in the later data processing.

Everson, I. (ed.), 2000. Krill, Biology, Ecology, and Fisheries. Blackwell Science Ltd., MA, USA.

Chu, D., P.H. Wiebe , and N. Copley, 2000a. “Inference of material properties of zooplankton from acoustic and resistivity measurements,” ICES J. Mar. Sci., 57:1128-1142.

Chu, D., P.H. Wiebe, T.K. Stanton, T.R. Hammar, K.W. Doherty, N.J. Copley, J. Zhang, D.B. Reeder, and M.C. Benfield, 2000b. "Measurements of the material properties of live marine organisms," Proceedings of the OCEANS 2000 MTS/IEEE International Symposium, Sept. 11-14, 2000, Providence, RI, Vol. 3, pp 1963-1967.

6.0 Seabird and Crabeater Seal Distribution in the Marguerite Bay Area During NBP0202 (Christine Ribic [PI not present on cruise], Erik Chapman, Matthew Becker)

The association of seabirds with physical oceanographic features has had a long history. For example, seabirds have been found to be associated with temperature, water masses, currents, and the ice pack. Evidence for the association of seabirds with biological features has not been as strong. Veit (Veit, Silverman & Everson 1993), working during the breeding season at South Georgia, was not able to find a small-scale association of seabird distributions and krill patches. Only at a very large scale was there some evidence that there were more seabirds in the vicinity of krill patches than elsewhere. This may be due to the patchiness of the krill and the inability of seabirds to track these patches at small scales. Therefore, in the Antarctic system, seabirds may associate with physical features that have a higher probability of containing krill than associating with krill patches directly. The primary objective of the seabird project is to determine the distribution of seabirds in the Marguerite Bay area and to investigate their associations with physical and biological features. A second objective is to determine the foraging ecology of the seabirds in that area.

Because the SO GLOBEC cruises take place during the non-breeding season when birds will not be closely tied to nesting areas, we hypothesize that ability to detect enhanced food resources will be the driving factor determining seabird distributions.

We will be developing and testing competing models using existing knowledge of the marine system and Antarctic seabird biology. Models will be developed separately for each species or group of species based on their foraging ecology. We will be using seabird distribution and foraging ecology data that we collect along with data collected concurrently by physical and biological oceanographers to test these models.

Seabird distribution within the SO GLOBEC study area was investigated using daytime and nighttime (using night vision viewers) survey work, and foraging ecology of the Adelie Penguins was investigated through diet sampling. Nighttime surveys were designed to increase survey coverage of the study area when extended time on station and short days limited daylight survey time. During this cruise, Crabeater Seals (Lobodon carcinophagus) were observed in sufficient numbers to comment on their abundance throughout the study area. Diet sampling efforts are used to complement an Adelie Penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) foraging ecology study being carried out by Dr. William F. Fraser on the RV Laurence M. Gould during the SO GLOBEC cruises. Surface tows, using a 1-m diameter ring-net, were carried out at CTD stations in order to sample prey available to seabirds throughout the study grid. A review of daytime surveys, diet sampling, and surface-tow effort and results are outlined separately below.

Strip transects were conducted simultaneously at 300 m and 600 m widths for birds. Surveys were conducted continuously while the ship was underway within the study area and when visibility was > 300 m. For strip transects, two observers continuously scanned a 90^o area extending the transect distance (300 m and 600 m) to the side and forward along the transect line. Binoculars of 10X and 7X magnification were used to confirm species identifications. The 7X pair of binoculars also included a laser range finder. Ship following birds were noted at first occurrence in the survey transect. Ship followers will be down-weighted in the analyses because these individuals may have been attracted to the ship from habitats at a distance from the ship. For each sighting, the transect (300 m or 600 m), species, number of birds, behavior, flight direction, and any association with visible physical features, such as ice, were recorded. Distances were measured either by a range finder device as suggested by Heinneman or by the laser distance finder (when in the ice). Marine mammal sightings within the 600 m transect were also recorded. Primary ice-type and concentration within 800 m of the ship were also recorded and updated as they changed.

Surveys were conducted from an outside observation post located on the port bridge wing of the R/V NB Palmer. When it was not feasible to conduct surveys from this observation post, we surveyed from the inside port bridge wing.

Ice conditions in the study area presented an interesting contrast between those of the first two SO GLOBEC cruises last year. During the first cruise, virtually the entire study area was ice-free, and during the second cruise it was mainly ice-covered. During this cruise, just the southern third of the study grid was covered in ice. The sea-ice appeared to be of two types; one-year-old ice separated by new ice types, and continuous new ice types. One-year-old ice covered 7 to 8/10ths of the ocean surface in George VI Sound. This ice extended to the northern tip of Alexander Island and then continued south, close to shore along the western shore of the island. Cold, still weather contributed to a large amount of new ice development during the cruise. By the time the ship reached the southern portion of the grid, combinations of new gray, new white, nilas, pancake and grease ice covered 8 to 10/10ths of the ocean surface. This new ice coverage was consistently observed on the 4 southern-most grid lines. New ice was also forming along the southwestern edge of Adelaide Island. Ice coverage during each survey is indicated in Figure 24a.

Overall, 2598 birds from 16 species were observed during the cruise. This is more birds and species than were observed during slightly less transect length during the previous two SO GLOBEC cruises (1771 birds from 13 species during SO GLOBEC I, and 895 birds from 6 species during SO GLOBEC II). Snow Petrels were the most abundant species, followed by Cape Petrels, Southern Fulmars and Antarctic Petrels. Overall observations during SO GLOBEC III are listed in Appendix 8.

Ice, as was observed during the first two SO GLOBEC cruises, appeared to be an important habitat variable that structures the seabird assemblage in the study area. In the northern, ice-free portion of the study area species known to forage in open-water habitat, such as Cape Petrel, Southern Fulmar, Albatross spp., Wilson’s Storm Petrel and Blue Petrel, were observed. A map interpolating open water

species abundance from surveys across the study grid is presented in Figure 24b. Within the open water there appeared to be a concentration of open water species offshore and adjacent to the northern end of Adelaide Island, perhaps in association with the intrusion of Antarctic Circumpolar Deep Water observed by physical oceanographers during this cruise. Open water species also appeared to be concentrated near shore along the southwestern shore of Adelaide Island.

In the southern third of the study area where sea ice was present, Snow Petrels were the dominant species observed. A map interpolating Snow Petrel abundance from surveys across the study grid is presented in Figure 25a. These results were expected, as Snow Petrels are typically associated with ice cover, feeding at the interface between ice and open water. Within the sea-ice during this study, it appears that Snow Petrel abundance was highest in association with new ice at the interface between the developing pack ice and open water.

In the coming months, as data from other research groups on this cruise becomes available, we will be testing hypotheses that predict abundance of seabirds based on additional physical (including sea ice) and biological variables.

During the fall cruise last year, no Adelie Penguins were observed on the grid while during the winter cruise, Adelies were observed in small numbers throughout the pack in association with leads. During this cruise, Adelies were once again observed in pack ice, mainly in 7 to 8/10ths coverage where one-year-old ice as the primary ice-type in George VI Sound and along the westshore of Alexander Island. A map interpolating Adelie Penguin abundance from surveys across the study grid is presented in Figure 25b. Adelies were not observed in open water, or in association with ice-bergs and floes in any other area within the grid. Extrapolating the density of birds observed in the pack ice to the amount of area with one-year-old ice in the grid estimated that 17,000 Adelies were using this ice coverage in the study area. While this is a significant number of birds, it is a low number relative to the number of breeding birds in Marguerite Bay and the areas further north on the Antarctic Peninsula which number in the hundreds of thousands.

Off the grid, bird researchers on the L.M. Gould saw 80 birds on Avian Island on the southern shore of Adelaide Island. This island has 60,000 breeding pairs during the summer and these observations clearly indicate that the majority of the Adelies breeding here have moved elsewhere. However, observations made during diet sampling north of Adelaide Island in Crystal Sound, suggest that a significant number of birds may be using that area, rather than the region encompassed within the study grid. Groups of between 10 and 100 Adelies were observed porpoising in the water and resting on ice or land throughout the four hour period that we were in this area. The number of penguins in the immediate vicinity was estimated to be in the hundreds, possibly into the thousands. These observations are discussed in more detail in the general discussion section below.

The distribution of Crabeater Seals within the study grid are presented in Figure 26a. Crabeater Seals were concentrated north and along the western shore of Alexander Island and along the southwestern shore of Adelaide Island. The area near Alexander Island is the same region that Crabeater Seals were

observed in high abundance during the fall cruise (SO GLOBEC I) last year. These seals may be associated with the concentration of krill observed by BIOMAPER-II in the deep canyons along the western shore of Adelaide during both of these cruises.

During SO GLOBEC cruises, we opportunistically diet sampled from the R/V N.B. Palmer according to protocols used by Dr. William R. Fraser. Dr. Fraser was diet sampling concurrently from the R/V L.M. Gould. We used the water off-loading technique in which birds are netted and their stomachs pumped using a small water pump. This technique is used extensively in seabird research in Antarctica [Antarctic Marine Ecosystem Research in the Ice Edge Zone (AMERIEZ), Antarctic Marine Living Resources Program (AMLR), Polar Oceans Research Group] and is preferable to methods that involve killing birds.

Fourteen Adelie Penguins were diet sampled from 5 distinct groups of birds in the Barcroft Islands (66 25' S; 67 10' W), south of Watkins Island and north of Adelaide Island (Figure 26b). Digested stomach contents that were not identifiable were separated from fresh contents. Fresh contents were further separated into krill, amphipod and fish components. Krill were identified to species and measured according to standard krill body-size measuring protocols.

After leaving the N.B. Palmer at 11:30 local time, birds were observed hauling out on small rock islands in the area beginning at 11:45. Adelies were captured, sampled and released throughout the afternoon until low light conditions concluded work at approximately 15:00. Body weights, sex, and stomach contents are reported in Appendix 9.

All birds sampled had fresh stomach contents that were easily identifiable, indicating that they had recently returned from foraging. Many of the birds had returned by 12:00 and were probably only foraging for 3 to 4 hours prior to sampling.

Overall, the Adelie diets were 63% Euphausia superba, 12% amphipods and 3% fish. Otoliths were collected from 5 of the 6 samples with fish parts. This is a distinct difference from Adelie stomach contents during the breeding season at Anvers Island that rarely contain components other than krill. The presence of relatively large amounts of amphipods is particularly unusual.

Body weights from the 8 male and 6 female penguins were high relative to summer weights and were an average of 4875 grams. These relatively heavy weights are indicators of excellent condition and could indicate preparation for a period of limited prey availability later in the winter.

Surface net tows were added to the research agenda this cruise in order to complement the physical and biological oceanographic data used for analysis of the seabird surveys. Near-surface resolution of prey species by BIOMAPER II is difficult, and thus net tows provided an additional means to help determine what types of prey seabirds could be feeding on at, or near, the ocean’s surface.

Surface net tows were conducted using a 1-m diameter (0.79 m²) ring net with 333 micron mesh. The net was lowered to a depth of approximately 60 m in the water column (while this is considerably deeper than any birds aside from penguins would be able to forage, it compensated for any vertical prey migrations that might be occurring) at an average rate of 30 m/min, then brought up at 10m/min. A general analysis of the sample composition was then made before preserving it in formalin. Tows were usually performed in the morning or evening periods in order to maximize the few hours of daylight available for surveying. Tows did not occur in heavy ice transects or at stations with MOCNESS tows.

A total of 22 samples were collected from 22 stations over the course of the grid (Figure 27). Results are summarized in Appendix 10. No extensive analysis of both the sample composition and correlations with seabird survey results will be able to be conducted prior to the conclusion of this cruise; however preliminary results were promising enough that surface net tows will be continued on SO GLOBEC IV.

The most significant finding during this cruise may have been the large numbers of Adelie Penguins observed during diet sampling work in Crystal Sound. There are 17 breeding colonies with a total of 1600 pairs where the diet sampling was conducted in the Barcroft Islands. In addition, BIOMAPER-II, MOCNESS tows, and incidental observations from krill biologists on the L.M. Gould both last year and this year suggest that Crystal Sound has relatively large krill stocks at this time of year.

Adelies appear to have plenty of food and places to haul out in this area, and both the large numbers of birds and the large body sizes of the sampled birds suggest that this portion of the sound may represent a habitat optimum for the species at this time of year. Findings from Crabeater Seal research during SO GLOBEC also suggests that Crystal Sound may also have high Crabeater Seal abundance.

The Crystal Sound region provides an opportunity to further examine the physical and biological processes that are driving a system that appears to be attracting both seals and penguins. Because the interrelationship between physical and biological processes is the central focus of SO GLOBEC research, this area deserves attention in future research plans. Though it is possible that the same processes that existed during this time of year will have shifted with the development of sea-ice coverage later in the winter, it would be interesting to see if this area provides consistent habitat for Adelie Penguins throughout the winter survey and diet sampling work in this area is essential to assess the consistency with which penguins are utilizing Crystal Sound during the fall and winter months.

Veit, R.R., Silverman, E.D. & Everson, I. (1993) Aggregation patterns of pelagic predators and their principle prey, Antarctic Krill, near South Georgia. Journal of Animal Ecology, 62, 551-564.

We would like to thank Captain Joe and all the ship’s mates for welcoming us on the bridge and putting up with the bird box on the port bridge wing during the cruise. We are particularly appreciative of the assistance of Gaelin Rosenwaks, Carin Ashjian, Ana Sirovic, Jenny White, and Steve Tarrant with the surface net tows. We would also like to thank Peter Wiebe and the other researchers on the ship for helping to schedule their work during the evenings so that we could survey for longer periods during the limited daylight available to us. Without that effort, our work would be seriously compromised.

Recently the International Whaling Commission (IWC) developed proposals for collaborative work in the Southern Ocean with the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) and the International Global Ocean Ecosystem Dynamics (GLOBEC) program under the IWC Southern Ocean Whale Ecosystem Research (SOWER) program. This research program has the long term aim to “...define how spatial and temporal variability in the physical and biological environment influence cetacean species in order to determine those processes in the marine ecosystem which best predict long term changes in cetacean distribution, abundance, stock structure, extent and timing of migrations and fitness.”

This objective is being pursued through collaboration with GLOBEC and CCAMLR using a multidisciplinary ecosystem approach to data collection, analysis, and modeling. The IWC also recognizes that it lacks the data to determine baseline patterns of distribution (and the biological and physical processes responsible for such patterns) of baleen whales from which to judge the potential effects of climate change. Therefore, three further objectives have been defined by the Commission. They are: to characterise foraging behaviour and movements of individual baleen whales in relation to prey characteristics and physical environment, to relate distribution, abundance and biomass of baleen whales species to same for krill in a large area in a single season, and to monitor interannual variability in whale distribution and abundance in relation to physical environment and prey characteristics.

SO GLOBEC studies provide the ideal platform for such long term studies, where scientists from a range of disciplines can conduct intensive focused studies, within the framework of long term data synthesis and planning. Given the shared objectives among the IWC, GLOBEC and CCAMLR, the IWC has determined that the most effective means of investigating these ecological issues is to focus a considerable body of cetacean research within the framework provided by these programs (taken from D.Thiele).

The first of the 'Predator Science Questions' in SO GLOBEC has been formulated as: How does winter distribution and foraging ecology of top predators relate to the distribution and characteristics of the physical environment and prey (krill) (taken from J.A. van Franeker).

Standard IWC methodology for multi-disciplinary studies is being used throughout all GLOBEC collaborative cruises. This involves experienced cetacean researchers conducting line transect sighting surveys throughout daylight hours in acceptable weather conditions. Data are recorded on a laptop based tracking program (Wincruz), and photo and video records are also obtained for species identification, group size verification, feeding (and other behavior), ice habitat and individual identification (taken from D.Thiele).

During this cruise, observations were made from the ice tower by a single observer (Debra Glasgow). When conditions permitted, the observer was outside along the cat- walk of the ice tower, otherwise observations were made from the inside. Effort was focused 45^o to port and starboard of the bow ahead of the vessel, while also scanning to cover the full 180^o ahead of the vessel. In ice, the method was adjusted to include searching behind in the vessel's wake as well, in order that cetaceans and seals hidden by ice would be detected more readily. The observer used a combination of eye and binocular searching (7x50 Fujinon). Effort would commence when the following conditions allowed: appropriate daylight, winds less than 20 knots or Beaufort sea state less than 5-6, visibility greater than 1 nautical mile (measured by the distance a minke whale blow could be seen with the naked eye as judged by the observer) and the ship actually steaming. An Incidental watch was kept in borderline conditions or in variable visibility such as fog and snow squalls. Subjective weather data was recorded to keep track of the changing conditions e.g. Beaufort sea state, cloud cover, glare, ice, sight ability etc.

Sightings were recorded on a laptop based Wincruz Antarctic program which also logged GPS position, course, ship speed, and a suite of other environmental and sightings conditions automatically. Visual observations were made both during the station-transect portion of the trip, as well as during transit. When possible, photographic and/or video documentation was made of each sighting for later use in individual identification, species confirmation, and habitat description.

Generally, sighting conditions were poor, particularly during the first half of the cruise. The appropriate combination of environmental and ship conditions were not conducive to good sighting conditions. Yet 183 hours and 34 minutes of “On Effort” and “Incidental” survey effort were made during the entire cruise.

A total of 54 cetacean sightings of 112 animals were made (Appendix 12, Figure 28). These include 21 sightings of 49 humpback whales, Megaptera novaengliae and 10 sightings of 25 'like' humpback whales (Figure 29A); 5 sightings of 7 minke whales, Baleanoptera acutorostrata and 3 sightings of 3 'like' minke (Figure 29B); 2 sightings of 7 killer whales, Orcinus orca (Figure 29C); 1 sighting of 1 Commerson's dolphin, Cephalorhynchus commersonii; 2 sightings of 4 unidentified dolphins; 8 sightings of 12 various unidentified whales (Figure 29D); 1 sighting of a 'like' blue whale, Baleanoptera musculus (Figure 29E).

Photo identification photos/video were obtained from at least six groups of humpbacks (WOS#10,13,19,20,50,52) and digital images of habitat, sea and ice conditions were taken. On 17 May 2002, as we steamed through Gerlache Strait, some ship time was made available to obtain ID photographs. One group of 3 humpback whales (WOS#52) was extremely cooperative - swimming to the ship and remaining within 10 to 30 metres of the vessel for over half an hour, even following the ship briefly as we left, allowing good images to be taken (Figure 30).

On 17 April 2002 a 'like' blue whale body was sighted underwater to port, swimming away from the vessel and Ana Sirovic was recording good blue whale sound from a sonobuoy at that time.

Sightings data from this cruise show mainly humpback (Megaptera baleanoptera), minke (Baleanoptera acutorostrata), and killer whales (Orcinus orca) present in the study region in the austral fall and beginning of this winter.

Correlation of cetacean distributions with concurrent hydrographic distributions show whales associated with: 1) the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, 2) the frontal boundary between intrusions of warm Upper Circumpolar Deep Water and continental shelf water, and 3) the frontal boundary between inner shelf coastal current and continental shelf waters (E.Hoffman pers. Comm).

Humpback sightings were particularly numerous along the mid shelf area just outside Marguerite Bay, along the continental shelf and near the frontal boundary formed as the coastal current exits the Bay. There was also a group of humpbacks near the ice edge off Alexander Island associated with a patch of krill recorded by the BIOMAPER-II team. Minke sightings were more widespread, but seemed to be associated closer to the ice edge and to the coastal frontal boundaries. Killer whales were seen within the ice edge on both occasions in areas where large numbers of seals were recorded.

The correspondence between the cetacean sightings and hydrographic features suggests that the austral fall/winter distribution of cetaceans along the west Antarctic Peninsula is not random, but rather is determined by the structure of the physical environment, which in turn determines prey distribution. Continued analyses and collection of sightings data in conjunction with concurrent prey and hydrographic distributions will allow determination of the causal relationships underlying austral fall/winter cetacean distributions in the Antarctic Peninsular region (D.Thiele).

Thanks must go to the Captain and crew of the N. B. Palmer, the cruise leader - Peter Wiebe, and to the scientists and support staff on board for their expert help and friendship. Thanks also to the bird observers Erik Chapman and Matt Becker for extra help in gathering data and to Suzanne O'Hara for mapping work.

Related US SO GLOBEC reports for previous cruises 1,2,3 – and particularly NBP01-03 1st cruise (survey cruise) – US Southern Ocean GLOBEC Report No.2

Friedlander A.S., Thiele D., Hoffman E., MacDonald M.., Moore S., Pirzl R. A preliminary analysis of baleen whale distribution around the western Antarctic Peninsula in the Austral fall and winter.

Website for IWC cetacean summaries by cruise, cruise reports, and technical US SO GLOBEC reports

http://www1.npm.ac.uk/globec/ this site provides a direct link to the CCPO site by clicking on SO GLOBEC

The primary goal of this project is to determine the minimum population estimates, distribution and seasonality of mysticete whales within the West Antarctic Peninsula region. These data will be integrated with the rest of the SO GLOBEC data set to improve the understanding of krill ecology in the area. Because the vocalizations of most baleen whales are species specific and easily recognizable, passive acoustic techniques can be used to determine long-term, seasonal presence of a species in the area. The species of interest are blue (Balaenoptera musculus), fin (B. physalus), humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae) and Antarctic minke (B. bonaerensis) whales. Southern right whale (Eubalaena australis), sperm whale (Physeter macrocephalus - odontocete) calls may also be detected, but are expected less frequently. The key component of this study is a series of 8 acoustic recording packages (ARPs) that were recovered and redeployed during the LMG02-01A cruise (Feb 5 to Mar 3, 2002). They are bottom mounted and have a hydrophone component floating 5 m above the mooring. Each ARP yielded approximately 28 GB of data after the initial 11 months of deployment and they are currently recording for another 12 months.

During this cruise, sonobuoys were deployed opportunistically to supplement the information obtained from the visual observations, as well as the ARP data. Sonobuoys are expendable underwater listening devices. Four main components of a sonobuoy are a float, radio transmitter, saltwater battery, and hydrophone. The hydrophone is an underwater sensor that converts the sound pressure waves into electrical voltages that get amplified and sent up a wire (hydrophone depth can be set to 90, 400, or 1000 feet) to the radio transmitter that is housed in the surface float. The radio signal is picked up by an antenna and a radio receiver on the ship, then reviewed and simultaneously recorded onto a digital audio tape (DAT). A sonobuoy can transmit for a maximum of 8 h before scuttling and sinking.

Two types of sonobuoys were deployed: omnidirectional (57B) and difar (53B). Omnidirectional sonobuoys have hydrophones that can register signals up to 20 kHz, but they cannot determine the location of the sound source. DiFAR (DIrectional Fixing And Ranging) sonobuoys also have an omnidirectional hydrophone for recording sound, but it is limited to frequencies lower than 4.5 kHz. However, DiFARs also have 2 pairs of direction sensors, which along with an internal compass can determine the exact bearing of the sound relative to the sonobuoy. With 3 or more sonobuoys in the water, it is thus possible to determine the location of the sound source.

The Yagi directional antenna was used primarily during the cruise. The maximum range for the radio transmission during this cruise was 16 nm, but the range seemed highly dependent on weather conditions. The Sinclair omnidirectional antenna was also available throughout the cruise, but the maximum range obtained by that antenna was less than 3 nm and it was, therefore, not used very often. The problem with having to use the Yagi all the time was that sonobuoys could be heard only while steaming in a straight line. Once we were at a station and the ship started turning, signal was quickly lost.

There were several reasons for sonobuoy deployments. Firstly, they provide recordings that can be compared to the ARP data. This will provide a calibration on content as well as detection ranges. Secondly, they are a means of getting recordings outside of the seafloor array range. Lastly, they are a good complement to the visual observations and can help in positive identification of species when visual cues are not.

Sonobuoys were deployed both when whales were visually detected and randomly throughout the cruise. A total of 62 sonobuoys were deployed: 57 omnidirectional and 5 DiFARs. Only 4 omni sonobuoys failed upon deployment, which is a satisfactory performance. Locations of all the deployments as well as a preliminary summary of the sonobuoys on which calls were heard can be seen in the complete (Figure 31) and close-up (Figure 32) maps of the study area. Further analysis of the recordings is needed to double check for calls that were possibly not detected during the preliminary review. The locations and times of all the deployments are given in the cruise Event Log.

Species heard on the highest number of sonobuoys were blue whales. All 19 buoys that blues were heard on, however, were deployed in the northern part of the grid, either on the outer shelf or off the shelf break (where the loudest recording was obtained). No blues were heard on any of the sonobuoys deployed while steaming under ice or in Marguerite Bay. Blue whales were also heard on a couple of the sonobuoys deployed while steaming towards the grid stations at the beginning of the cruise.

Humpbacks were the second most commonly heard species; their calls were heard on 17 sonobuoys. Most of the calls resembled the song phrases that were recorded last year during GLOBEC I. The distribution of calling humpbacks, however, was quite different from the one observed during the last fall’s cruise. They were heard on sonobuoys deployed while steaming along transect lines 4 and 5 on and off the shelf, and again in the same area as we were steaming north after the end of grid work. No humpbacks were heard in Laubeuf fjord, though, where a lot of them were recorded last year. Also, instead of being concentrated around northern tip of Alexander Island like they were last year, this year the humpbacks were more spread out along the shelf due west from the northern edge of Alexander. Humpbacks were heard on one sonobuoy deployed in Crystal Sound and on both of the sonobuoys deployed in the Gerlache Strait during the steam back north. A possible fin whale was heard on the northernmost deployed sonobuoy in the Drake Passage. No minke whale calls were heard in the

preliminary analysis. Unidentified odontocete whistles were recorded twice, and clicks preceded those whistles on one occasion. Both of the recordings were obtained while ice was present. An unidentified seal was also heard on a sonobuoy deployed while we were steaming north from the end of the grid.

Field sampling was undertaken for a pilot study to examine the relationship between water mass and the chemical signature laid down in the calcium carbonate matrix of the otoliths of fish. If signatures can be discriminated spatially, they can theoretically be used as an internal tag to trace fish movement in space and, using the chronology laid down concurrently in the otoliths, through time and by age. The tags can then be used to estimate age-based population migration rates and site fidelity. As the uptake of trace elements is primarily from the surrounding water mass, the first-order variables influencing the chemical signature are likely to be hydrographic. The current cruise represents the first opportunity in the Antarctic to use linked carbonate chemistry and hydrographic data sets to examine water mass effects on the chemical signature and, once this is better understood, potentially further elucidate the role played by ocean dynamics in fish movement and life history.

Sampling events on board the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer, including MOCNESS, Reeve net, and surface net tows, were monitored for fish by-catch. Data taken during the CTD cast at the same station were used to identify water mass. Sampling of fish was considered conditioned on water mass, with spatially-based sampling units taken from a fixed frame composing the cruise grid, using a stratified hierarchical random sampling method. A limited number of samples were taken, mostly in the northern part of the grid, including species from the genera Bathylagus, Protomyctophum, Gymnoscopelus, and Electrona. These will be supplemented by collections made during the same time period on board the R/V Lawrence M. Gould, including Pleuragramma antarcticum.

Using the Laser-ICPMS facility funded by NSF at Old Dominion, comparisons will be made between the otolith signatures from samples taken from different water masses. Further comparisons are also planned between years using available samples and hydrographic data from the 2001 GLOBEC cruises, to examine the stability of the signature in time.

The job of the National Science Foundation (NSF) science writer was to report on the scientific activities of the third U.S. SO GLOBEC cruise. The broader goals were to make science accessible and engaging to a general audience and to describe the challenges and rewards of working on an Antarctic research vessel. Dispatches and photographs are located at http://www.nsf.gov/od/lpa/news/02/pr0236_dispatches.htm.

The first story explained the overall goals of research to be conducted on the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer and the R/V Laurence M. Gould. The subsequent dispatches chronicled the trip, while each focusing on a different major scientific group. Scientific groups covered in-depth included: Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD), BIo-Optical Multi-frequency Acoustical and Physical Environmental Recorder (BIOMAPER-II), Acoustical Properties of zooPlankton (APOP), seabird survey and field work, and marine mammal survey and field work. In addition, a profile of the Palmer's captain was written. The stories focused on people as much as science, and attempts were made to include the voices of scientists from the Laurence M. Gould, as well as of the science support staff and of the crew aboard the Palmer.

The multibeam bathymetric data for NBP0202 - GLOBEC III was collected with a SeaBeam 2112 system. This instrument generates 120 bathymetric and 2,000 sidescan across swath values for each ping. The total width of the data swath is 120 degrees, or about three times the depth of the water that is being surveyed. This system has been in use on the N.B. Palmer since 1994 and it will be removed from the ship after this cruise.

The SeaBeam was run continuously while the ship was underway and after the vessel was over 200 miles away from Chile and Argentina. A total of 806 hourly multibeam files were collected between April 12, 2002 (year day 102) and May 19, 2002 (year day 139) over approximately 3,536 miles of ship track. All of these files were ping edited by the science party to remove errors from the raw data. The cleaned data files were merged with multibeam data collected during other cruises to generate gridded data files and survey plots. Fifty three separate survey areas were identified, gridded and plotted. A small scale plot of the main survey area is included with this report (Figure 33).

Event Number	Instrument	Cast	Consec Station #	Satndard Station #	Local Time Mth Day hhmm			Event s/e	Univ Coord Time Mth Day hhmm			Lat (S) Deg Min	Lon (W) Deg Min	Water Depth	Cast Depth	Scientific Investigator	Comments
nbp09902.001	Depart	-	-	-	4	9	1103	s	4	9	1503	53 10.212	70 54.396	-	-	Klinck	Leave PA
nbp10102.001	XBT	test	-	-	4	11	2208	s/e	4	12	0208	58 34.007	65 0.084	-	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.001	XBT	1	D1	-	4	12	0136	s/e	4	12	0536	59 10.202	64 59.613	3424	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.002	XBT	2	D2	-	4	12	0231	s/e	4	12	0631	59 19.188	64 59.83	3325	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10202.003	XBT	3	D3	-	4	12	0338	s/e	4	12	0738	59 29.871	65 0.032	3375	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.004	XBT	4	D4	-	4	12	0438	s/e	4	12	0838	59 39.59	65 0.138	3808	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.005	XBT	5	D5	-	4	12	0537	s/e	4	12	0937	59 49.602	65 0.191	3892	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.006	XBT	6	D6	-	4	12	0635	s/e	4	12	1035	59 59.967	65 0.163	2908	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.007	XBT	7	D7	-	4	12	0733	s/e	4	12	1133	60 10.00	65 0.167	3919	760	Klinck	T-7
nbp10202.008	XBT	8	D8	-	4	12	0831	s/e	4	12	1231	60 20.085	64 59.968	2974	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10202.009	XBT	9	D9	-	4	12	0933	s/e	4	12	1333	60 30.00	65 07.525	2959	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10202.010	XBT	10	D10	-	4	12	1024	s/e	4	12	1424	60 38.048	65 15.612	2911	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10202.011	Sonobuoy	1	-	-	4	12	1010	s	4	12	1410	60 35.90	65 13.10	2808	120	Sirovic
nbp10202.012	XBT	11	D11	-	4	12	1120	s/e	4	12	1520	60 46.885	65 24.339	3204	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10202.013	XBT	12	D12	-	4	12	1220	s/e	4	12	1620	60 55.66	65 33.015	2857	760	Sepulveda	T-7
nbp10202.014	XBT	13	D13	-	4	12	1315	s/e	4	12	1715	61 04.45	65 41.82	3623	760	Sepulveda	T-7
nbp10202.015	XBT	14	D14	-	4	12	1414	s/e	4	12	1814	61 13.83	65 50.787	3040	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10202.016	XBT	15	D15	-	4	12	1510	s/e	4	12	1910	61 23.36	66 0.40	4291	760	Cobb	T-7
nbp10202.017	Sonobuoy	1	-	-	4	12	1255	e	4	12	1655	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10202.018	XBT	16	D16	-	4	12	1603	s/e	4	12	2003	61 31.526	66 8.962	4252	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10202.019	XBT	17	D17	-	4	12	1700	s/e	4	12	2100	61 40.953	66 8.615	3945	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10202.020	XBT	18	D18	-	4	12	1754	s/e	4	12	2154	61 49.975	66 27.799	3813	760	Ashford	T-7 bad cast
nbp10202.021	XBT	19	D19	-	4	12	1759	s/e	4	12	2159	61 51.358	66 29.258	3670	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10202.022	XBT	20	D20	-	4	12	1851	s/e	4	12	2251	61 59.696	66 37.454	2864	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10202.023	Sonobuoy	2	-	-	4	12	1903	s	4	12	2303	62 01.574	66 39.736	3414	1000ft	Sirovic
nbp10202.024	XBT	21	D21	-	4	12	1944	s/e	4	12	2344	62 08.457	66 47.042	3613	760	Sepulveda	T-7
nbp10202.025	Sonobuoy	2	-	-	4	12	2009	e	4	13	0009	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10202.026	XBT	22	D22	-	4	12	2041	s/e	4	13	0041	62 17.478	66 55.939	3645	760	Sepulveda	T-7
nbp10202.027	XBT	23	D23	-	4	12	2142	s/e	4	13	0142	62 26.813	67 05.668	3694	-	Sepulveda	T-7 bad cast
nbp10202.028	XBT	24	D24	-	4	12	2145	s/e	4	13	0145	62 27.285	67 06.117	3718	760	Sepulveda	T-7
nbp10202.029	XBT	25	D25	-	4	12	2249	s/e	4	13	0249	62 36.361	67 15.952	3438	760	Ashford	T-7 bad cast
nbp10202.030	XBT	26	D26	-	4	12	2252	s/e	4	13	0252	62 36.59	67 16.474	3441	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10202.031	XBT	27	D27	-	4	12	2355	s/e	4	13	0355	62 45.904	67 26.127	3780	760	Ashford	T-7
nbp10302.001	XBT	28	D28	-	4	13	0100	s/e	4	13	0500	62 55.342	67 35.944	3724	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.002	XBT	29	D29	-	4	13	0155	s/e	4	13	0555	63 4.196	67 45.043	3835	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.003	XBT	30	D30	-	4	13	0242	s/e	4	13	0642	63 12.477	67 54.126	3833	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.004	XBT	31	D31	-	4	13	0335	s/e	4	13	0735	63 20.488	68 2.598	3533	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.005	XBT	32	D32	-	4	13	0426	s/e	4	13	0726	63 28.817	68 11.844	3507	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.006	XBT	33	D33	-	4	13	0524	s/e	4	13	0924	63 38.019	68 21.825	3339	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.007	XBT	34	D34	-	4	13	0621	s/e	4	13	1021	63 47.179	68 31.881	3190	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.008	XBT	35	D35	-	4	13	0717	s/e	4	13	1117	63 56.359	68 41.915	3101	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.009	XBT	36	D35	-	4	13	0720	s/e	4	13	1120	63 56.805	68 42.41	3101	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.010	XBT	37	D36	-	4	13	0818	s/e	4	13	1218	64 6.411	68 53.206	3136	760	Boyer	T-7
nbp10302.011	CTD	1	0	691.305	4	13	0835	s	4	13	1235	64 8.082	68 55.359	3270	500	Klinck	test
nbp10302.012	CTD	1	0	691.305	4	13	0924	e	4	13	1324	64 8.082	68 55.359	3270	500	Klinck	test
nbp10302.013	BMP II	1	0	691.305	4	13	0940	s	4	13	1340	64 08.0	68 55.35	3270	180	Wiebe	test
nbp10302.014	BMP II	1	0	691.305	4	13	1215	e	4	13	1615	64 0808	69 11.818	3270	180	Wiebe	test
nbp10302.015	MOC	1	0	691.305	4	13	1554	s	4	13	1954	64 06.496	69 17.902	3405	200	Ashjian	test
nbp10302.016	MOC	1	0	691.305	4	13	1648	e	4	13	2048	64 05.021	69 20.177	3362	200	Ashjian	test
nbp10302.017	BMP II	2	0	691.305	4	13	1730	s	4	13	2130	64 4.8	69 20.8	3362	50	Wiebe	test
nbp10302.018	BMP II	2	0	691.305	4	13	1823	e	4	13	2223	64 3.15	69 22.8	3362	50	Wiebe	test
nbp10302.019	Sonobuoy	3	0--1	-	4	13	1925	s	4	13	2325	64 13.808	69 31.167	3276	400 ft	Sirovic
nbp10302.020	Sonobuoy	3	0--1	-	4	13	2027	e	4	14	0027	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10302.021	APOP	1	0	691.305	4	13	1330	s	4	13	1730	64 7.381	69 16.316	3270	195	Chu	test
nbp10302.022	APOP	1	0	691.305	4	13	1500	e	4	13	1900	64 7.471	69 16.343	3270	195	Chu	test
nbp10402.001	CTD	2	1	505.271	4	14	0407	s	4	14	0807	65 39.040	70 39.437	3064	100	Klinck
nbp10402.002	CTD	2	1	205.271	4	14	0422	e	4	14	0822	65 39.040	70 39.437	3064	100	Klinck
nbp10402.003	CTD	3	1	505.271	4	14	0430	s	4	14	0830	65 39.855	70 39.440	3064	3098	Klinck
nbp10402.004	CTD	3	1	505.271	4	14	0730	e	4	14	1130	65 39.855	70 39.440	3064	3098	Klinck
nbp10402.005	Bird obs	-	1	505.271	4	14	0740	s	4	14	1140	65 39.834	70 39.323	3058		Chapman
nbp10402.006	BMP II	3	1	505.271	4	14	0747	S	4	14	1147	65 39.879	70 40.325	3050	50	Wiebe
nbp10402.007	BMP II	3	1	505.271	4	14	0830	e	4	14	1230	65 40.212	70 41.151	3050	50	Wiebe
nbp10402.008	CTD	4	2	498.251	4	14	1109	s	4	14	1509	65 49.297	70 23.989	653	653	Klinck
nbp10402.009	CTD	4	2	498.251	4	14	1153	e	4	14	1553	65 49.297	70 23.989	653	653	Klinck
nbp10402.010	APOP	2	2	498.251	4	14	1215	s/e	4	14	1615	65 49.394	70 23.654	670	10	Chu
nbp10402.011	BMP II	4	2	498.251	4	14	1244	s	4	14	1644	65 49.0	70 26.0	3670	250m	Wiebe
nbp10402.012	Sonobuoy	4	-	-	4	14	1419	s	4	14	1819	65 51.53	70 16.17	379	120	Sirovic
nbp10402.013	Sonobuoy	4	-	-	4	14	1615	e	4	14	2015	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10402.014	Bird obs	-	2--3	-	4	14	1724	e	4	14	2124	65 58.205	69 51.23	341	-	Chapman
nbp10402.015	CTD	5	3	499.220	4	14	1807	s	4	14	2207	65 56.839	69 57.223	350	341	Romeo	FRRF
nbp10402.016	CTD	5	3	499.220	4	14	1855	e	4	14	2255	65 56.839	69 57.223	350	341	Romeo	FRRF
nbp10402.017	Surface tow	1	3	499.220	4	14	1900	s	4	14	2300	65 56.839	69 57.23	350	80	Chapman
nbp10402.018	Surface tow	1	3	499.220	4	14	1956	e	4	14	2356	65 56.839	69 57.223	350	80	Chapman
nbp10502.001	CTD	6	4	499.180	4	15	0115	s	4	15	0515	66 11.474	69 7.485	361	348	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10502.002	CTD	6	4	499.180	4	15	0153	e	4	15	0553	66 11.474	69 7.485	361	348	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10502.003	MOC	2	4	499.180	4	15	0220	s	4	15	0620	66 11.1	69 08.1	340	325	Ashjian
nbp10502.004	MOC	2	4	499.180	4	15	0357	e	4	15	0757	66 08.4	69 06.6	340	325	Ashjian
nbp10502.005	Reeve Net	1	4	499.180	4	15	0430	s	4	15	0830	66 07.894	69 06.083	340	300	Chu
nbp10502.006	Reeve Net	1	4	499.180	4	15	0505	e	4	15	0905	66 07.976	69 06.370	340	300	Chu
nbp10502.007	BMP II	5	4	499.180	4	15	0530	s	4	15	0930	66 07.600	69 05.4	346	250	Wiebe
nbp10502.008	Bird obs	-	4	499.180	4	15	0730	s	4	15	1130	66 14.766	68 58.097	382	-	Ribic
nbp10502.009	Sonobuoy	5	-	-	4	15	0959	s	4	15	1359	66 20.414	68 32.960	568	12	Sirovic
nbp10502.010	CTD	7	5	499.140	4	15	1121	s	4	15	1521	66 23.75	68 23.91	720	684	Klinck
nbp10502.011	Whale obs	-	5	499.140	4	15	0810	s	4	15	1210	66 12.152	68 52.218	414	-	Glasgow
nbp10502.012	CTD	7	5	499.140	4	15	1220	e	4	15	1620	66 23.75	68 23.91	720	684	Klinck
nbp10502.013	CTD	8	6	499.120	4	15	1508	s	4	15	1908	66 29.942	68 01.456	418	413	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10502.014	CTD	8	6	499.120	4	15	1552	e	4	15	1952	66 29.942	68 01.456	418	413	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10502.015	Bird obs	-	6 to 7	-	4	15	1723	e	4	15	2123	66 34.836	68 12.538	364	-	Chapman
nbp10502.016	Whale obs	-	6 to 7	-	4	15	1723	e	4	15	2123	66 34.836	68 12.538	364	-	Glasgow
nbp10502.017	Sonobuoy	5	6 to 7	-	4	15	1356	e	4	15	1756	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10502.018	Sonobuoy	6	6 to 7	-	4	15	1825	s	4	15	2225	66 38.81	68 19.03	193	30	Sirovic
nbp10502.019	Sonobuoy	6	6 to 7	-	4	15	1938	e	4	15	2338	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10502.020	CTD	9	7	458.115	4	15	2116	s	4	16	0116	66 49.238	68 28.387	149	145	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10502.021	CTD	9	7	458.115	4	15	2144	e	4	16	0144	66 49.238	68 28.387	149	145	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10502.022	Surface tow	2	7	458.115	4	15	2200	s	4	16	0200	66 48.819	68 30.558	184	100	Chapman
nbp10502.023	Surface tow	2	7	458.115	4	15	2250	e	4	16	0250	66 48.819	68 30.548	184	100	Chapman
nbp10502.024	Reeve Net	2	7	458.115	4	15	2230	s	4	16	0230	66 48.492	68 29.735	126	100	Chu
nbp10502.025	Reeve Net	2	7	458.115	4	15	2255	e	4	16	0255	66 48.726	68 30.850	126	100	Chu
nbp10502.026	Reeve Net	3	7	458.115	4	15	2325	s	4	16	0325	66 49.430	68 28.702	120	100	Chu
nbp10502.027	Reeve Net	3	7	458.115	4	15	2345	e	4	16	0345	66 49.786	68 29.608	120	100	Chu
nbp10502.028	BMP II	4	4	499.180	4	15	0023	e	4	15	0423	66 11.419	69 07.364	359	250	Wiebe
nbp10602.001	CTD	10	8	459.140	4	16	0255	s	4	16	0655	66 41.301	68 55.540	316	301	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10602.002	CTD	10	8	459.140	4	16	0327	e	4	16	0727	66 41.301	68 55.540	316	301	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10602.003	CTD	11	9	459.180	4	16	0815	s	4	16	1215	66 28.770	69 39.101	507	500	Boyer
nbp10602.004	CTD	11	9	459.180	4	16	0855	e	4	16	1255	66 28.770	69 39.101	507	500	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10602.005	Drogue	2	9	459.180	4	16	0912	s/e	4	16	1312	66 28.242	69 39.255	530	-	Limeburner
nbp10602.006	XBT	38	9A	469.180	4	16	0941	s/e	4	16	1341	66 26.526	69 35.070	500	500	Boyer	T-7
nbp10602.007	Sonobuoy	7	9A	464.180	4	16	0944	s	4	16	1344	66 26.451	69 34.241	500	500	Sirovic
nbp10602.008	XBT	39	9B	454.180	4	16	1057	s/e	4	16	1457	66 31.057	69 43.047	500	500	Boyer	T-7
nbp10602.009	Bird obs	-	9 to 10	-	4	16	1157	s	4	16	1557	66 29.468	69 42.46	484	-	Chapman
nbp10602.010	Whale obs	-	9 to 10	-	4	16	1108	s	4	16	1508	66 31.84	69 44.44	2073	-	Glasgow
nbp10602.011	XBT	40	9C	-	4	16	1239	s/e	4	16	1639	66 27.294	69 44.343	491	460	Sepulveda	T-4
nbp10602.012	Sonobuoy	7	9--10	-	4	16	1248	e	4	16	1648	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10602.013	XBT	41	9D	-	4	16	1319	s/e	4	16	1719	66 25.425	69 50.955	477	460	Sepulveda	T-4
nbp10602.014	XBT	42	9E	-	4	16	1428	s/e	4	16	1828	66 21.988	70 01.841	462	460	Sepulveda	T-4 bad below 300?
nbp10602.015	XBT	43	9F	-	4	16	1431	s/e	4	16	1831	66 21.988	70 02.422	462	460	Sepulveda	T-4
nbp10602.016	XBT	44	9G	-	4	16	1531	s/e	4	16	1931	66 19.149	70 12.188	466	460	Ashford	T-4
nbp10602.017	CTD	12	10	459.220	4	16	1649	s	4	16	2049	66 16.051	70 22.006	471	465	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10602.018	CTD	12	10	459.220	4	16	1742	e	4	16	2142	66 16.051	70 22.006	471	465	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10602.019	Bird obs	-	10	459.220	4	16	1620	e	4	16	2020	66 16.685	70 20.042	465	-	Chapman
nbp10602.020	Whale obs	-	-	-	4	16	1635	e	4	16	2035	66 16.04	70 21.61	482	-	Glasgow
nbp10602.021	Sonobuoy	8	-	-	4	16	1836	s	4	16	2236	66 14.04	70 29.37	510	120	Sirovic
nbp10602.022	Sonobuoy	8	-	-	4	16	1956	e	4	16	2356	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10602.023	BMP II	5	11	458.250	4	16	2112	e	4	17	0112	66 06.843	70 54.637	895	250	Wiebe
nbp10602.024	CTD	13	11	458.250	4	16	2145	s	4	17	0145	66 06.763	70 54.783	907	900	Ashford
nbp10602.025	CTD	13	11	458.250	4	16	2257	e	4	17	0257	66 06.763	70 54.783	907	900	Ashford
nbp10602.026	MOC	3	11	458.250	4	16	2329	s	4	17	0329	66 06.719	70 55.135	~2000	1000	Ashjian
nbp10602.027	Drogue	1	8	459.140	4	16	0336	s/e	4	16	0736	66 41.00	68 56.25	321	-	Limeburner
nbp10702.001	Bird capture	-	11	458.250	4	17	0004	s	4	17	0404	66 06.605	70 58.372	1297	-	Chapman
nbp10702.002	Bird capture	-	11	458.250	4	17	0030	e	4	17	0430	66 06.481	71 00.187	1556	-	Chapman
nbp10702.003	MOC	3	11	458.250	4	17	0242	e	4	17	0642	66 06.126	71 10.54	~2000	1000	Ashjian
nbp10702.004	Reeve Net	4	11	458.250	4	17	0304	s	4	17	0704	66 05.977	71 11.900	2734	400	Chu
nbp10702.005	Reeve Net	4	11	458.250	4	17	0429	e	4	17	0829	66 04.128	71 15.168	3129	400	Chu
nbp10702.006	CTD	14	12	457.265	4	17	0455	s	4	17	0855	66 05.250	71 14.509	3107	100	Boyer	100m
nbp10702.007	CTD	14	12	457.265	4	17	0508	e	4	17	0908	66 05.250	71 14.509	3107	100	Boyer	no bottles
nbp10702.008	CTD	15	12	457.265	4	17	0540	s	4	17	0940	66 02.295	71 11.302	3107	3102	Boyer	Deep cast
nbp10702.009	CTD	15	12	457.265	4	17	0755	e	4	17	1155	66 02.925	71 11.302	3107	3102	Boyer
nbp10702.010	Bird obs	-	12 to 13	-	4	17	0757	s	4	17	1157	66 02.225	71 11.390	3063	-	Chapman
nbp10702.011	Bird capture	-	12	457.265	4	17	0826	s/e	4	17	1226	66 02.135	71 11.252	3059	-	Chapman
nbp10702.012	Whale obs	-	to 13	418.247	4	17	0950	s	4	17	1350	66 01.935	71 11.508	-	-	Glasgow
nbp10702.013	APOP	3	12	457.265	4	17	0808	s	4	17	1208	66 02.216	71 11.348	3069	205	Chu
nbp10702.014	APOP	3	12	457.265	4	17	0945	e	4	17	1345	66 03.019	71 19.133	3069	205	Chu
nbp10702.015	BMP II	6	12--13	-	4	17	1059	s	4	17	1459	66 02.323	71 07.288	1965	250	Wiebe	fire in van
nbp10702.016	Sonobuoy	9	12--13	-	4	17	1326	s	4	17	1726	66 11.678	71 16.524	2939	~120	Sirovic
nbp10702.017	Sonobuoy	10	12--13	-	4	17	1406	s	4	17	1806	66 14.632	71 18.419	2823	300	Sirovic
nbp10702.018	Sonobuoy	9	12--13	-	4	17	1410	e	4	17	1810	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10702.019	CTD	16	13	418.247	4	17	1635	s	4	17	2035	66 24.900	71 24.300	779	774	Ashford
nbp10702.020	Bird obs	-	13	418.247	4	17	1625	e	4	17	2025	66 24.782	71 24.141	780	-	Chapman
nbp10702.021	Whale obs	-	13	418.247	4	17	1630	e	4	17	2030	66 24.82	71 24.08	783	-	Glasgow
nbp10702.022	CTD	16	13	418.247	4	17	1745	e	4	17	2145	66 24.900	71 24.300	779	774	Ashford
nbp10702.023	CTD	17	14	419.225	4	17	2045	s	4	18	0045	66 31.563	70 59.719	535	528	Ashford
nbp10702.024	Surface tow	3	14	419.225	4	17	2123	s	4	18	0123	66 34.539	70 59.750	528	80	Chapman
nbp10702.025	CTD	17	14	419.225	4	17	2234	e	4	18	0234	66 31.563	70 59.719	535	528	Ashford
nbp10702.026	Sonobuoy	10	-	-	4	17	1509	e	4	18	1909	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10702.027	Surface tow	3	14	419.225	4	17	2219	e	4	18	0219	66 32.361	70 58.528	528	80	Chapman
nbp10702.028	Sonobuoy	11	-	-	4	17	2030	s	4	18	0230	66 33.00	70 58.10	545	120	Sirovic
nbp10802.001	Sonobuoy	11	-	-	4	18	0008	e	4	18	0408	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10802.002	BMP II	6	15	419.180	4	18	0354	e	4	18	0754	66 46.	70 11.	534	250	Wiebe
nbp10802.003	CTD	18	15	419.180	4	18	0402	s	4	18	0802	66 44.458	70 11.265	546	524	Boyer
nbp10802.004	CTD	18	15	419.180	4	18	0441	e	4	18	0841	66 44.458	70 11.265	546	524	Boyer
nbp10802.005	MOC	4	15	419.180	4	18	0456	s	4	18	0856	66 46.06	70 10.51	531	500	Alatalo
nbp10802.006	MOC	4	15	419.180	4	18	0635	e	4	18	1035	66 43.62	70 10.35	490	479	Alatalo
nbp10802.007	Bird obs	-	to 16	-	4	18	0752	s	4	18	1152	66 47.802	70 02.381	531	-	Chapman
nbp10802.008	Whale obs	-	to 16	-	4	18	0815	s	4	18	1215	66 49.37	69 58.44	529	-	Glasgow
nbp10802.009	CTD	19	16	419.145	4	18	1104	s	4	18	1504	66 53.649	68 42.564	515	498	Boyer
nbp10802.010	CTD	19	16	419.145	4	18	1143	e	4	18	1543	66 53.648	68 42.564	515	498	Boyer
nbp10802.011	Sonobuoy	12	-	-	4	18	1205	s	4	18	1605	66 57.29	68 32.74	514	120	Sirovic
nbp10802.012	Sonobuoy	12	-	-	4	18	1358	e	4	18	1758	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10802.013	CTD	20	17	419.125	4	18	1447	s	4	18	1847	67 03.595	69 10.049	434	422	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10802.014	Bird obs	-	16	-	4	18	1455	e	4	18	1855	67 03.596	69 10.059	434	-	Chapman
nbp10802.015	CTD	20	17	419.125	4	18	1530	e	4	18	1930	67 03.595	69 10.049	434	422	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10802.016	MOC	5	17	419.125	4	18	1547	s	4	18	1947	67 03.433	69 10.86	450	400	Ashjian/Alatalo
nbp10802.017	MOC	5	17	419.125	4	18	1702	e	4	18	2100	67 01.98	69 15.88	450	400	Alatalo
nbp10802.018	Reeve Net	5	17	419.125	4	18	1715	s	4	18	2115	67 01.860	69 16.339	470	350	Chu
nbp10802.019	Reeve Net	5	17	419.125	4	18	1826	e	4	18	2226	67 02.112	69 19.162	374	350	Chu
nbp10802.020	Whale obs	-	17	419.125	4	18	1734	e	4	18	2134	67 01.891	69 17.185	480	-	Glasgow
nbp10802.021	Sonobuoy	13	-	-	4	18	2027	s	4	19	0027	67 09.731	69 17.115		120	Sirovic
nbp10802.022	BMP II	7	17--18	-	4	18	2123	s	4	19	0123	67 13.405	69 23.883	589	250	Wiebe
nbp10802.023	Sonobuoy	13	-	-	4	18	2202	e	4	19	0202	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10902.001	CTD	21	18	317.110	4	19	0122	s	4	19	0522	67 24.142	69 32.495	379	365	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10902.002	CTD	21	18	317.110	4	19	0201	e	4	19	0601	67 24.147	69 32.495	379	365	Boyer	FRRF
nbp10902.003	CTD	22	19	379.150	4	19	0710	s	4	19	1110	67 15.701	70 05.105	632	615	Boyer
nbp10902.004	CTD	22	19	370.150	4	19	0756	e	4	19	1156	67 15.701	70 05.105	632	615	Boyer
nbp10902.005	Surface tow	4	19	370.150	4	19	0758	s	4	19	1158	67 13.070	70 10.656	617	72	Chapman
nbp10902.006	Whale obs	-	19--20	-	4	19	0815	s	4	19	1215	67 13.112	70 11.575	629	-	Glasgow
nbp10902.007	Surface tow	4	19	370.150	4	19	0827	e	4	19	1227	67 13.205	70 12.428	614	72	Chapman
nbp10902.008	Bird obs	-	19--20	-	4	19	0827	s	4	19	1227	67 13.205	70 12.428	614	-	Chapman
nbp10902.009	Sonobuoy	14	-	-	4	19	0952	s	4	19	1352	67 09.20	70 25.04	574	120	Sirovic
nbp10902.010	CTD	23	20	379.180	4	19	1208	s	4	19	1608	67 03.288	70 43.884	490	484	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10902.011	CTD	23	20	379.180	4	19	1257	e	4	19	1657	67 03.288	70 43.884	490	484	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10902.012	Sonobuoy	14	-	-	4	19	1146	e	4	13	1546	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10902.013	Sonobuoy	15	-	-	4	19	1322	s	4	19	1722	67 02.268	70 47.716	490	120	Sirovic
nbp10902.014	Sonobuoy	15	-	-	4	19	1548	e	4	19	1948	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp10902.015	Bird obs	-	20 to 21	-	4	19	1651	e	4	19	2051	66 52.308	71 21.596	467	-	Chapman
nbp10902.016	CTD	24	21	379.220	4	19	1757	s	4	19	2157	66 50.113	71 27.752	472	467	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10902.017	CTD	24	21	379.220	4	19	1842	e	4	19	2242	66 50.113	71 27.752	472	467	Ashford	FRRF
nbp10902.018	BMP II	7	21	379.220	4	19	1732	e	4	19	2132	66 50.1	71 27.71	481	250	Dennett
nbp10902.019	Whale obs	-	21	379.220	4	19	1736	e	4	19	2135	66 50.110	71 27.725	483	-	Glasgow
nbp10902.020	MOC	6	21	379.220	4	19	0703	s	4	19	2303	66 50.011	71 26.158	460	440	Alatalo
nbp10902.021	MOC	6	21	379.220	4	19	2042	e	4	20	0042	66 48.264	71 34.12	466	440	Alatalo
nbp10902.022	APOP	4	21	379.220	4	19	2055	s	4	20	0055	66 48.142	71 34.859	476	205	Chu
nbp10902.023	APOP	4	21	379.220	4	19	2241	e	4	20	0241	66 48.063	71 34.837	476	205	Chu
nbp10902.024	BMP II	8	21	379.220	4	19	2251	s	4	20	0251	66 47.8	71 35.7	482	250	Wiebe
nbp11002.001	CTD	25	22	379.264	4	20	0322	s	4	20	0722	66 37.471	72 11.875	3327	100	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11002.002	CTD	25	22	379.264	4	20	0338	e	4	20	0738	66 37.471	72 11.875	3327	100	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11002.003	CTD	26	22	379.364	4	20	0409	s	4	20	0809	66 37.471	72 11.975	3326	3332	Boyer
nbp11002.004	CTD	26	22	379.364	4	20	0648	e	4	20	1048	66 37.471	72 11.975	3326	3332	Boyer
nbp11002.005	BMP II	8	22	379.364	4	20	0315	e	4	20	0715	66 35.646	72 14.34	3248	250	Kukulya
nbp11002.006	Surface tow	5	22	379.364	4	20	0700	s	4	20	1100	66 35.644	72 14.344	3281	72	Chapman
nbp11002.007	Surface tow	5	22	379.364	4	20	0737	e	4	20	1137	66 36.107	72 15.737	3306	72	Chapman
nbp11002.008	BMP II	9	22	379.364	4	20	0740	s	4	20	1140	66 36.161	72 16.513	3306	250	Wiebe
nbp11002.009	Bird obs	-	22 to 23	-	4	20	0803	s	4	20	1203	66 36.375	72 19.200	3306	-	Chapman
nbp11002.010	Whale obs	-	22 to 23	-	4	20	0809	s	4	20	1209	66 36.81	72 20.315	3340	-	Glasgow
nbp11002.011	Sonobuoy	16	-	-	4	20	1230	s	4	20	1630	66 40.37	73 19.612	3574	120	Sirovic
nbp11002.012	CTD	27	23	339.295	4	20	1358	s	4	20	1758	66 41.845	73 20.991	3675	3679	Ashford
nbp11002.013	CTD	27	23	339.295	4	20	1725	e	4	20	2125	66 41.845	73 20.991	3675	3679	Ashford
nbp11002.014	BMP II	9	23	339.295	4	20	1330	e	4	20	1730	66 41.85	73 21.00	3684	250	Ashjian
nbp11002.015	Bird obs	-	23	339.295	4	20	1329	e	4	20	1729	66 42.195	73 20.37	3616	-	Chapman
nbp11002.016	Sonobuoy	16	23	339.295	4	20	1500	e	4	20	1900	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11002.017	MOC	7	23	339.295	4	20	1741	s	4	20	2141	66 41.69	73 20.87	3630	1000	Alatalo
nbp11002.018	Bird capture	-	23	339.295	4	20	1329	s/e	4	20	1729	66 42.195	73 20.342	3616	-	Chapman
nbp11002.019	MOC	7	23	339.295	4	20	2045	e	4	21	0045	66 38.544	73 15.17	3630	1000	Alatalo
nbp11002.020	Sonobuoy	17	23	339.295	4	20	2121	s	4	21	0121	66 30.627	73 15.177	3520	120	Sirovic
nbp11002.021	BMP II	10	23	339.295	4	20	2126	s	4	21	0126	66 38.874	73 15.369	3579		Wiebe
nbp11002.022	Sonobuoy	17	23--24	-	4	20	2325	e	4	21	0325	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11102.001	CTD	28	24	339.253	4	21	0251	s	4	21	0651	66 55.781	72 37.243	452	443	Boyer	w/FRRF
nbp11102.002	CTD	28	24	339.253	4	21	0328	e	4	21	0728	66 55.781	72 37.243	452	443	Boyer	w/FRRF
nbp11102.003	CTD	29	25	339.220	4	21	0737	s	4	21	1137	67 07.159	72 01.159	423	408	Boyer
nbp11102.004	CTD	29	25	339.220	4	21	0807	e	4	21	1207	67 07.159	72 01.159	423	408	Boyer
nbp11102.005	Bird obs	-	25--26	-	4	21	0828	s	4	21	1228	67 07.818	71 59.873	412	-	Chapman
nbp11102.006	CTD	30	26	339.180	4	21	1315	s	4	21	1715	67 20.425	71 17.089	477	461	Ashford
nbp11102.007	CTD	30	26	339.180	4	21	1354	e	4	21	1754	67 20.425	71 17.089	477	461	Ashford
nbp11102.008	Sonobuoy	18	26--27	-	4	21	1659	s	4	21	2059	67 28.72	70 49.22	611	120	Sirovic
nbp11102.009	Bird obs	-	26--27	-	4	21	1731	e	4	21	2131	67 30.266	70 44.196	668	-	Chapman
nbp11102.010	CTD	31	27	339.140	4	21	1920	s	4	21	2320	67 33.119	70 34.343	766	761	Ashford
nbp11102.011	CTD	31	27	339.140	4	21	2014	e	4	22	0014	67 33.119	70 34.343	766	761	Ashford
nbp11102.012	Surface tow	6	27	339.140	4	21	1830	s	4	21	2230	67 33.254	70 35.004	764	73	Chapman
nbp11102.013	Sonobuoy	18	-	-	4	21	1846	e	4	21	2264	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11102.014	Surface tow	6	27	339.140	4	21	1912	e	4	21	2312	67 33.152	70 34.152	761	73	Chapman
nbp11102.015	BMP II	10	27	339.140	4	21	2018	e	4	22	0018	67 33.00	70 34.23	780	250	Wiebe
nbp11202.001	CTD	32	28	339.100	4	22	0208	s	4	22	0608	67 43.699	69 56.759	458	453	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11202.002	CTD	32	28	339.100	4	22	0245	e	4	22	0645	67 43.699	69 56.759	458	453	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11202.003	MOC	8	28	339.100	4	22	0306	s	4	22	0706	67 45.87	69 47.00	319	260	Ashjian
nbp11202.004	MOC	8	28	339.100	4	22	0429	e	4	22	0829	67 44.2	69 43.34	319	260	Ashjian
nbp11202.005	Drogue	3	28--29	-	4	22	0532	s	4	22	0932	67 40.454	69 35.498	378	-	Limeburner
nbp11202.006	CTD	33	29	366.098	4	22	0717	s	4	22	1117	67 35.23	69 23.05	168	155	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11202.007	CTD	33	29	366.098	4	22	0736	e	4	22	1136	67 35.23	69 23.05	168	155	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11202.008	Surface tow	7	29	366.098	4	22	0815	s/e	4	22	1215	67 34.819	69 23.598	172	54	Chapman
nbp11202.009	Reeve Net	6	29	366.098	4	22	0752	s	4	22	1152	67 35.204	69 23.225	170	165	Chu
nbp11202.010	Reeve Net	6	29	366.098	4	22	0825	e	4	22	1325	67 34.598	69 24.161	192	-	Chu
nbp11202.011	BMP II	11	29--30	-	4	22	0930	s	4	22	1333	67 35.756	69 22.88	163		Wiebe
nbp11202.012	CTD	34	30	347.084	4	22	1255	s	4	22	1655	67 47.92	69 22.95	188	183	Ashford	FRRF
nbp11202.013	CTD	34	30	347.084	4	22	1320	e	4	22	1720	67 47.92	69 22.95	188	183	Ashford	FRRF
nbp11202.014	BMP II	11	30	347.084	4	22	1235	e	4	22	1635	67 47.91	69 22.79	126		Ashjian
nbp11202.015	Bird obs	-	29--30	-	4	22	0932	s	4	22	1332	67 35.756	69 22.88	172	-	Chapman
nbp11202.016	Whale obs	-	29--30	-	4	22	0815	s	4	22	1215	-	-	176	-	Glasgow
nbp11202.017	Sonobuoy	19	29--30	-	4	22	1334	s	4	22	1734	67 47.860	69 21.901	160	30	Sirovic
nbp11202.018	CTD	35	31	350.071	4	22	1518	s	4	22	1918	67 50.77	69 04.876	191	186	Ashford	FRRF
nbp11202.019	CTD	35	31	350.071	4	22	1539	e	4	22	1939	67 50.77	69 04.876	191	186	Ashford	FRRF
nbp11202.020	Sonobuoy	19	31	350.071	4	22	1427	e	4	22	1827	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11202.021	BMP II	12	31	350.071	4	22	1603	s	4	22	2002	67 50.385	69 03.128	170		Wiebe
nbp11202.022	Bird obs	-	31-33	-	4	22	1648	e	4	22	2048	67 50.548	68 54.184	148	-	Chapman
nbp11202.023	Whale obs	-	31--33	-	4	22	1725	e	4	22	2125	67 52.028	68 48.735	136	-	Glasgow
nbp11202.024	Sonobuoy	20	31--33	-	4	22	1821	s	4	22	2221	67 57.103	68 48.796	210	120	Sirovic
nbp11202.025	CTD	36	33	343.052	4	22	1943	s	4	22	2343	67 59.72	68 47.85	204	198	Ashford	FRRF
nbp11202.026	CTD	36	33	343.052	4	22	2008	e	4	23	0008	67 59.72	68 47.85	204	198	Ashford	FRRF
nbp11202.027	Surface tow	8	33	343.052	4	22	2015	s	4	23	0015	67 59.424	68 46.247	139	7	Chapman
nbp11202.028	Sonobuoy	20	31--33	-	4	22	1931	e	4	22	2331	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11202.029	BMP II	12	33	343.052	4	22	1940	e	4	22	2340	67 59.71	68 47.84	194		Wiebe
nbp11202.030	Surface tow	8	33	343.052	4	22	2047	e	4	23	0047	67 59.424	68 46.247	139	7	Chapman
nbp11202.031	Drogue	4	33	343.052	4	22	2048	s	4	23	0048	67 59.424	68 46.247	175	-	Klinck
nbp11202.032	CTD	37	34	356.046	4	22	2238	s	4	23	0238	67 55.68	68 31.17	662	657	Ashford
nbp11202.033	CTD	37	34	356.046	4	22	2334	e	4	23	0334	67 55.68	68 31.17	662	657	Ashford
nbp11202.034	Reeve Net	7	34	356.046	4	22	2344	s	4	23	0344	67 55.754	68 31.391	713	150	Chu
nbp11202.035	Reeve Net	7	34	356.046	4	23	0014	e	4	23	0414	67 55.391	68 32.348	595	150	Chu
nbp11302.001	MOC	9	34	356.046	4	23	0035	s	4	23	0435	67 55.3	68 30.13	850	800	Ashjian
nbp11302.002	MOC	9	34	356.046	4	23	0242	e	4	23	0642	67 55.03	68 18.3	850	800	Ashjian
nbp11302.003	CTD	38	35	366.036	4	23	0600	s	4	23	1000	67 54.53	68 11.27	672	658	Boyer
nbp11302.004	CTD	38	35	366.036	4	23	0644	e	4	23	1044	67 54.53	68 11.27	672	658	Boyer
nbp11302.005	Bird obs	-	35--36	-	4	23	0801	s	4	23	1201	67 51.660	67 59.459	368	-	Chapman
nbp11302.006	CTD	39	36	379.020	4	23	1103	s	4	23	1503	67 53.66	67 41.67	310	287	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11302.007	CTD	39	36	379.020	4	23	1134	e	4	23	1534	67 53.66	67 41.67	310	287	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11302.008	APOP	5	36	379.020	4	23	1139	s	4	23	1539	67 53.440	67 41.739	307	205	Chu
nbp11302.009	APOP	5	36	379.020	4	23	1253	e	4	23	1653	67 53.332	67 41.459	322	205	Chu
nbp11302.010	Whale obs	-	to 36	-	4	23	0800	s	4	23	1200	67 51.660	67 59.459	368	-	Glasgow
nbp11302.011	BMP II	13	35	366.036	4	23	0412	s	4	23	0812	67 56.56	68 18.23	699	200	Wiebe	in water end 34
nbp11302.012	BMP II	13	36	379.020	4	23	1042	e	4	23	1442	67 53.633	67 41.916	560	200	Wiebe
nbp11302.013	Sonobuoy	21	36--37	-	4	23	1307	s	4	23	1707	67 54.932	67 43.790	210	120	Sirovic
nbp11302.014	Ice sample	1	37	339.020	4	23	1645	s/e	4	23	2045	68 10.993	68 14.398	498	-	Vernet
nbp11302.015	CTD	40	37	339.020	4	23	1732	s	4	23	2132	68 10.67	68 14.68	521	109	Ashford
nbp11302.016	CTD	40	37	339.020	4	23	1749	e	4	23	2149	68 10.67	68 14.68	521	109	Ashford
nbp11302.017	Bird obs	-	37	339.020	4	23	1653	e	4	23	2053	68 10.747	68 14.398	529	-	Chapman
nbp11302.018	Whale obs	-	37	339.020	4	23	1653	e	4	23	2053	68 10.747	68 14.398	529	-	Glasgow
nbp11302.019	CTD	41	37	339.020	4	23	1801	s	4	23	2201	68 10.67	68 14.68	523	518	Ashford
nbp11302.020	CTD	41	37	339.020	4	23	1840	e	4	23	2240	68 10.67	68 14.68	523	518	Ashford
nbp11302.021	Surface tow	9	37	339.020	4	23	1830	s	4	23	2230	68 10.688	68 14.654	529	97	Chapman
nbp11302.022	Surface tow	9	37	339.020	4	23	1920	e	4	23	2320	68 10.982	68 13.311	524	97	Chapman
nbp11302.023	Sonobuoy	21	36--37	-	4	23	1458	e	4	23	1858	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11302.024	Sonobuoy	22	37--38	-	4	23	1944	s	4	23	2344	68 12.453	68 10.676			Sirovic
nbp11302.025	Bird night survey	-	37--38	-	4	23	2005	s	4	24	0005	68 13.772	68 08.113	286	-	Chapman
nbp11302.026	BMP II	14	37	339.020	4	23	1925	s	4	23	2325	68 11.19	68 12.35	318	75	Wiebe
nbp11302.027	Bird night survey	-	37--38	-	4	23	2044	e	4	24	0044	68 16.229	68 03.689	312	-	Chapman
nbp11302.028	Sonobuoy	22	37--38	-	4	23	2124	e	4	24	0124	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11402.001	CTD	42	38	339.-020	4	24	0038	s	4	24	0438	68 23.39	67 26.76	203	188	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11402.002	CTD	42	38	339.-020	4	24	0101	s	4	24	0501	68 23.39	67 26.76	203	188	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11402.003	CTD	43	39	449.-020	4	24	0602	s	4	24	1002	68 41.06	67 26.76	424	405	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11402.004	CTD	43	39	449.-020	4	24	0634	e	4	24	1034	68 41.06	67 26.76	424	405	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11402.005	Bird obs	-	39--40	-	4	24	0815	s	4	24	1215	68 36.682	68 14.155	230	-	Chapman
nbp11402.006	Whale obs	-	39--40	-	4	24	0819	s	4	24	1219	68 36.682	68 14.155	230	-	Glasgow
nbp11402.007	Sonobuoy	23	39--40	-	4	24	1020	s	4	24	1420	68 31.457	68 34.445	308	120	Sirovic
nbp11402.008	CTD	44	40	299.020	4	24	1236	s	4	24	1636	68 28.76	68 48.33	640	635	Ashford
nbp11402.009	CTD	44	40	299.020	4	24	1320	e	4	24	1720	68 28.76	68 48.33	640	635	Ashford
nbp11402.010	Sonobuoy	23	-	-	4	24	1117	e	4	24	1517	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11402.011	BMP II	14	40	299.020	4	24	1140	e	4	24	1540	68 28.800	68 48.186	Variable	100	Wiebe
nbp11402.012	Ice sample	2	40	299.020	4	24	1202	s/e	4	24	1602	68 28.796	68 48.227	-	-	Vernet
nbp11402.013	MOC1	10	40	299.020	4	24	1340	s	4	24	1740	68 28.8	68 47.2	650	580	Ashjian
nbp11402.014	MOC1	10	40	299.020	4	24	1543	e	4	24	1943	68 30.35	68 37.7	650	580	Ashjian
nbp11402.015	BMP II	15	40	299.020	4	24	1622	s	4	24	2022	68 29.87	68 39.8	640		Wiebe
nbp11402.016	Bird obs	-	40--41	-	4	24	1720	e	4	24	2120	68 27.609	68 49.7	484	-	Chapman
nbp11402.017	Whale obs	-	40--41	-	4	24	1720	e	4	24	2120	68 27.609	68 49.700	484	-	Glasgow
nbp11402.018	Sonobuoy	-	40--41	-	4	24	1712	s	4	24	2312	68 23.329	69 05.785	615	120	Sirovic
nbp11402.019	Bird night survey	-	40--41	-	4	24	1712	s	4	24	2312	68 23.329	69 05.785	615	-	Chapman
nbp11402.020	Bird night survey	-	40-41	-	4	24	2025	e	4	25	0025	68 23.329	69 18.96	945	-	Chapman
nbp11402.021	Sonobuoy	24	40--41	-	4	24	2043	e	4	25	0043	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11402.022	BMP II	15	40--41	-	4	24	2159	e	4	25	0159	68 16.478	68 34.91	676	~100	Wiebe
nbp11402.023	APOP	6	41	299.060	4	24	2224	s	4	25	0224	68 16.250	69 35.539	755	205	Chu
nbp11402.024	APOP	6	41	299.060	4	24	2344	e	4	25	0344	68 16.272	69 35.452	781	-	Chu
nbp11402.025	Bird capture	-	40--41	-	4	24	2212	s/e	4	25	0212	68 16.261	69 35.525	753	-	Chapman
nbp11502.001	CTD	45	41	299.060	4	25	0001	s	4	25	0401	68 16.27	69 35.18	755	750	Boyer
nbp11502.002	CTD	45	41	299.060	4	25	0050	e	4	25	0450	68 16.27	69 35.18	755	750	Boyer
nbp11502.003	BMP II	16	41--42	-	4	25	0150	s	4	25	0530	68 13.3	69 42.44	-	30	Ashjian
nbp11502.004	BMP II	16	41--42	-	4	25	0159	e	4	25	0539	68 13.13	69 47.83	678	30	Ashjian
nbp11502.005	CTD	46	42	299.100	4	25	0534	s	4	25	0934	68 03.66	70 21.45	871	865	Boyer
nbp11502.006	CTD	46	42	299.100	4	25	0607	e	4	25	1007	68 03.66	70 21.45	871	865	Boyer
nbp11502.007	Bird obs	-	42--43	-	4	25	0835	s	4	25	1235	67 56.720	70 44.798	690	-	Chapman
nbp11502.008	Whale obs	-	42--43	-	4	25	0835	s	4	25	1235	67 56.720	70 44.798	690	-	Glasgow
nbp11502.010	CTD	47	43	299.140	4	25	1047	s	4	25	1447	67 50.52	71 07.37	413	395	Boyer
nbp11502.011	CTD	47	43	299.140	4	25	1121	e	4	25	1521	67 50.52	71 07.37	413	395	Boyer
nbp11502.012	MOC	11	43	299.140	4	25	1145	s	4	25	1545	67 50.43	71 07.667	407	350	Ashjian
nbp11502.013	MOC	11	43	299.140	4	25	1326	e	4	25	1726	67 47.48	71 09.644	425	400	Ashjian
nbp11502.014	BMP II	17	43	299.140	4	25	1400	s	4	25	1800	67 46.3	71 11.5	444	250	Wiebe
nbp11502.015	Sonobuoy	25	43--44	-	4	25	1410	s	4	25	1810	67 46.110	71 12.842	461	120	Sirovic
nbp11502.016	Sonobuoy	25	43--44	-	4	25	1551	e	4	25	1951	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11502.017	Bird obs	-	43--44	-	4	25	1653	e	4	25	2053	67 40.263	71 42.027	424	-	Chapman
nbp11502.018	Whale obs	-	43--44	-	4	25	1718	e	4	25	2118	67 38.980	71 45.902	415	-	Glasgow
nbp11502.019	Sonobuoy	26	43--44	-	4	25	1642	s	4	25	2042	67 40.789	71 40.486	421	120	Sirovic
nbp11502.020	Sonobuoy	26	43--44	-	4	25	1649	e	4	25	2049	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11502.021	Reeve Net	8	44	299.180	4	25	1800	s	4	25	2200	67 27.461	71 52.514	406	60	Chu
nbp11502.022	Reeve Net	8	44	299.180	4	25	1835	e	4	25	2235	67 37.390	71 54.544	407	60	Chu
nbp11502.023	Surface tow	10	44	299.180	4	25	1840	s	4	25	2240	67 37.426	71 53.565	409	-	Chapman
nbp11502.024	Surface tow	10	44	299.180	4	25	1855	e	4	25	2255	67 37.426	71 53.565	409	-	Chapman
nbp11502.025	CTD	48	44	299.180	4	25	1926	s	4	25	2326	67 37.43	71 51.77	395	390	Ashford
nbp11502.026	CTD	48	44	299.180	4	25	2003	e	4	26	0003	67 37.43	71 51.77	395	390	Ashford
nbp11602.001	XCTD	1	45	299.220	4	26	0435	s/e	4	26	0835	67 24.40	72 35.09	2036	360	Boyer	BAD below 360?
nbp11602.002	Bucket samp.	1	45	299.220	4	26	0035	s/e	4	26	0435	67 24.171	72 36.021	380	Surf	Vernet
nbp11602.003	BMP II	17	46	299.265	4	26	0850	e	4	26	1250	67 08.768	73 23.40	2045	200	Wiebe
nbp11602.004	CTD	49	46	299.265	4	26	0915	s	4	26	1315	67 08.74	73 24.43	2036	100	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11602.005	CTD	49	46	299.265	4	26	0925	e	4	26	1325	67 08.74	73 24.43	2036	100	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11602.006	CTD	50	46	299.265	4	26	0938	s	4	26	1338	67 08.77	73 24.51	2086	2081	Boyer
nbp11602.007	CTD	50	46	299.265	4	26	1123	e	4	26	1523	67 08.77	73 24.51	2086	2081	Boyer
nbp11602.008	Surface tow	11	46	299.265	4	26	1125	s	4	26	1525	67 08.669	73 24.494	2053	-	Chapman
nbp11602.009	Surface tow	11	46	299.265	4	26	1149	e	4	26	1549	67 08.669	73 24.494	2053	-	Chapman
nbp11602.010	Bird obs	-	46--47	-	4	26	1149	s	4	26	1549	67 08.016	73 23.119	2079	-	Chapman
nbp11602.011	Whale obs	-	46--47	-	4	26	1155	s	4	26	1555	67 08.086	73 23.119	2079	-	Glasgow
nbp11602.012	BMP II	18	46--47	-	4	26	1208	s	4	26	1608	67 07.68	73 22.55	2080	250	Wiebe
nbp11602.013	Sonobouy	27	46--47	-	4	26	1619	s	4	26	2019	67 14.843	74 12.185	3064	120	Sirovic
nbp11602.014	Bird obs	-	46--47	-	4	26	1645	e	4	26	2045	67 14.653	74 17.574	2998	-	Chapman
nbp11602.015	Whale obs	-	46--47	-	4	26	1719	e	4	26	2119	67 14.689	74 24.381	2945	-	Glasgow
nbp11602.016	CTD	51	47	259.295	4	26	1936	s	4	26	2336	67 14.651	74 31.825	2850	2840	Sepulveda
nbp11602.017	CTD	51	47	259.295	4	26	2114	e	4	27	0114	67 14.651	74 31.825	2850	2840	Sepulveda
nbp11602.018	Sonobouy	27	-	-	4	26	1825	e	4	26	2225	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11602.019	BMP II	18	47	259.295	4	26	1757	e	4	26	2157	67 14.81	74 31.89	2850	250	Wiebe
nbp11602.020	MOC	12	47	259.295	4	26	2133	s	4	27	0133	67 14.3	74 31.63	2851	2000	Ashjian
nbp11702.001	APOP	7	47	259.295	4	27	0051	s	4	27	0451	67 10.909	74 19.745	3095	205	Chu
nbp11702.002	APOP	7	47	259.295	4	27	0228	e	4	27	0628	67 10.774	74 19.596	3055	205	Chu
nbp11702.003	BMP II	19	47	259.295	4	27	0301	e	4	27	0701	67 11.61	74 17.808	3095	250	Kuku
nbp11702.004	CTD	52	48	259.255	4	27	0752	s	4	27	1152	67 28.59	73 49.33	411	406	Boyer
nbp11702.005	CTD	52	48	259.255	4	27	0823	e	4	27	1223	67 28.59	73 49.33	411	406	Boyer
nbp11702.006	Surface tow	12	48	259.255	4	27	0838	s	4	27	1238	67 28.599	73 49.224	416	-	Chapman
nbp11702.007	Surface tow	12	48	259.255	4	27	0849	e	4	27	1249	67 27.980	73 48.140	410	-	Chapman
nbp11702.008	Bird obs	-	48--49	-	4	27	0849	s	4	27	1249	67 27.980	73 48.140	410	-	Chapman
nbp11702.009	Sonobouy	28	-	-	4	27	1028	s	4	27	1428	67 32.354	73 30.425	428	120	Sirovic
nbp11702.010	Sonobouy	28	-	-	4	27	1115	e	4	27	1515	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11702.011	MOC	12	47	259.295	4	27	0031	e	4	27	0431	67 11.21	74 20.6	2880	1000	Ashjian
nbp11702.012	BMP II	19	48	259.295	4	27	1235	s	4	27	1635	67 40.9	73 11.6		250	Ashjian
nbp11702.013	CTD	53	49	259.220	4	27	1253	s	4	27	1653	67 40.597	73 11.560	484	480	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp11702.014	CTD	53	48	259.220	4	27	1343	e	4	27	1743	67 40.597	73 11.560	484	480	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp11702.015	Sonobuoy	29	-	-	4	27	1526	s	4	27	1926	67 47.333	72 50.049	466	120	Sirovic
nbp11702.016	Sonobuoy	29	-	-	4	27	1608	e	4	27	2008	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11702.017	Bird obs	-	to 50	-	4	27	1632	e	4	27	2032	67 51.188	72 32.710	438	-	Chapman
nbp11702.018	CTD	54	50	259.180	4	27	1740	s	4	27	2140	67 54.197	72 27.457	390	382	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp11702.019	Whale obs	-	-	-	4	27	1730	e	4	27	2130	67 54.131	72 27.547	394	-	Glasgow
nbp11702.020	CTD	54	50	259.180	4	27	1831	e	4	27	2231	67 54.197	72 27.457	390	382	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp11702.021	MOC	13	50	259.180	4	27	1848	s	4	27	2248	67 53.93	72 27.61	360	384	Alatalo	cas > dep?
nbp11702.022	MOC	13	50	259.180	4	27	2020	e	4	28	0020	67 51.19	72 25.75	360	384	Alatalo
nbp11702.023	Reeve Net	9	50	259.180	4	27	2036	s	4	28	0036	67 50.807	72 25.970	375	360	Chu
nbp11702.024	Reeve Net	9	50	259.180	4	27	2150	e	4	28	0150	67 50.176	72 28.339	402	360	Chu
nbp11702.025	BMP II	19						e
nbp11702.026	XBT	45	50A	-	4	27	2215	s/e	4	28	0215	67 49.435	72 27.235	428	-	Klinck	T-4, Failed
nbp11702.027	XBT	46	50A	-	4	27	2222	s/e	4	28	0222	67 49.435	72 27.235	428	428	Klinck	T-4
nbp11702.028	XBT	47	50B	-	4	27	2324	s/e	4	28	0324	67 51.332	72 24.352	306	306	Klinck	T-4
nbp11702.029	XBT	48	50C	-	4	27	2358	s/e	4	28	0358	67 54.405	72 23.516	306	306	Klinck	T-4
nbp11802.001	XBT	49	50D	-	4	28	0030	s/e	4	28	0430	67 56.54	72 17.85	314	314	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.002	XBT	50	50E	-	4	28	0054	s/e	4	28	0454	67 58.24	72 17.26	328	328	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.003	XBT	51	50F	-	4	28	0119	s/e	4	28	0519	67 59.58	72 06.37	398	398	Boyer	T-4 Bad
nbp11802.004	XBT	52	50G	-	4	28	0129	s/e	4	28	0529	67 59.78	72 05.69	408	408	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.005	XBT	53	50H	-	4	28	0150	s/e	4	28	0550	68 01.03	72 01.62	418	418	Boyer	T-4 Failed
nbp11802.006	XBT	54	50I	-	4	28	0154	s/e	4	28	0554	68 01.24	72 00.95	419	419	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.007	XBT	55	50J	-	4	28	0220	s/e	4	28	0620	68 02.78	71 55.98	429	429	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.008	XBT	56	50K	-	4	28	0222	s/e	4	28	0622	68 02.94	71 55.45	439	439	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.009	XBT	57	50L	-	4	28	0248	s/e	4	28	0648	68 04.52	71 50.65	549	450	Boyer	T-4 Bad
nbp11802.010	XBT	58	50M	-	4	28	0250	s/e	4	28	0650	68 04.69	71 50.21	549	450	Boyer	T-4
nbp11802.011	CTD	55	51	259.140	4	28	0343	s	4	28	0743	68 07.52	71 42.44	552	547	Boyer
nbp11802.012	CTD	55	51	259.140	4	28	0424	e	4	28	0824	68 07.52	71 42.44	552	547	Boyer
nbp11802.013	BMP II	20	51	259.140	4	28	0445	s	4	28	0845	68 07.52	71 42.44	550		Wiebe
nbp11802.014	BMP II	20	51	259.140	4	28	0515	e	4	28	0915	68 07.79	71 39.65	550		Wiebe
nbp11802.015	BMP II	21	51-52	-	4	28	0818	s	4	28	1218	68 15.276	71 09.947	580		Wiebe
nbp11802.016	Bird obs	-	51-52	-	4	28	0917	s	4	28	1317	68 18.231	71 03.506	427	-	Chapman
nbp11802.017	Whale obs	-	51-52	-	4	28	0917	s	4	28	1317	68 18.231	71 03.506	427	-	Glasgow
nbp11802.018	BMP II	21	52	259.100	4	28	1000	e	4	28	1400	68 20.396	70 57.25	557		Wiebe
nbp11802.019	CTD	56	52	259.100	4	28	1021	s	4	28	1421	68 20.67	70 56.43	517	512	Boyer
nbp11802.020	CTD	56	52	259.100	4	28	1100	e	4	28	1500	68 20.67	70 56.43	517	512	Boyer
nbp11802.021	BMP II	22	52	259.100	4	28	1115	s	4	28	1515	68 20.6	70 53.8	517	250	Wiebe
nbp11802.022	Sonobuoy	30	52--53	-	4	28	1243	s	4	28	1643	68 26.147	70 43.230	810	120	Sirovic
nbp11802.023	CTD	57	53	254.080	4	28	1359	s	4	28	1759	68 29.35	70 37.75	778	762	Sepulveda
nbp11802.024	Sonobuoy	30	52--53	-	4	28	1312	e	4	28	1712	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11802.025	BMP II	22	53	254.080	4	28	1350	e	4	28	1750	68 29.3	70 37.8	778	250	Ashjian
nbp11802.026	CTD	57	53	254.080	4	28	1502	e	4	28	1902	68 29.35	70 37.75	778	762	Sepulveda
nbp11802.027	Sonobuoy	31	53--54	-	4	28	1519	s	4	28	1919	68 29.586	70 33.728	563	120	Sirovic
nbp11802.028	Bird obs	-	53--54	-	4	28	1634	e	4	28	2034	68 30.379	70 13.815	190	-	Chapman
nbp11802.029	Whale obs	-	53--54	-	4	28	1659	e	4	28	2059	68 30.715	70 07.629	1036	-	Glasgow
nbp11802.030	APOP	8	54	266.057	4	28	1728	s	4	28	2128	68 31.563	70 00.709	1237	205	Chu
nbp11802.031	APOP	8	54	266.057	4	28	1919	e	4	28	2319	68 31.600	70 00.150	1100	205	Chu
nbp11802.032	Bird capture	-	54	-	4	28	1918	s/e	4	28	2318	68 31.591	70 00.168	1166	-	Chapman
nbp11802.033	CTD	58	54	266.057	4	28	1933	s	4	28	2333	68 31.576	70 00.228	1183	1178	Sepulveda
nbp11802.034	MOC	14	54	266.057	4	28	2118	s	4	29	0118	68 31.32	70 00.68	1218	1000	Wiebe
nbp11802.035	MOC	14	54	266.057	4	29	0018	e	4	29	0418	68 25.8	70 03.5	1218	1000	Wiebe
nbp11802.036	Sonobuoy	31	53--54	-	4	28	1545	e	4	28	1945	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11802.037	BMP II	23	54	266.057	4	29	0107	s	4	29	0507	68 24.1	70 02.8	1156	250	Ashjian
nbp11802.038	CTD	58	54	266.057	4	28	2056	e	4	29	0056	68 31.58	70 00.23	1183	1178	Sepulveda	Unsealed bottles
nbp11902.001	Bird obs	-	54--55	-	4	29	0843	s	4	29	1243	68 50.048	69 03.079	362	-	Chapman
nbp11902.002	Whale obs	-	54--55	-	4	29	0908	s	4	29	1308	68 51.273	69 00.851	507	-	Glasgow
nbp11902.003	BMP II	23	54--55	-	4	29	0938	e	4	29	1338	68 52.734	68 58.171	variable	100	Wiebe
nbp11902.004	CTD	59	55	259.000	4	29	1115	s	4	29	1515	68 53.10	68 58.55	507	495	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11902.005	CTD	59	55	259.000	4	29	1154	e	4	29	1554	68 53.10	68 58.55	507	495	Boyer	FRRF
nbp11902.006	Ice sample	3	55	259.000	4	29	0905	s/e	4	29	1305	68 53.106	68 58.550	510	-	Vernet
nbp11902.007	Sonobuoy	32	-	-	4	29	1448	s/e	4	29	1848	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp11902.008	Bird obs	-	55--56	-	4	29	1656	e	4	29	2056	69 08.030	69 11.974	667	-	Chapman
nbp11902.009	Whale obs	-	55--56	-	4	29	1704	e	4	29	2104	69 08 320	69 12.142	629	-	Glasgow
nbp11902.010	BMP II	24	55--56	-	4	29	1810	e	4	29	2210	69 09.31	69 12.72	630	30	Wiebe
nbp11902.011	ROV	1	56	214.015	4	29	2100	s	4	30	0100	69 09.56	69 14.02	613	25	Girard
nbp11902.012	ROV	1	56	214.015	4	29	2232	e	4	30	0232	69 09.56	69 14.02	613	25	Girard
nbp11902.013	APOP	9	56	214.015	4	29	2235	s	4	30	0235	69 09.562	69 13.970	609	205	Chu
nbp11902.014	APOP	9	56	214.015	4	29	2352	e	4	30	0352	69 09.562	69 13.970	609	205	Chu
nbp11902.015	CTD	60	56	214.015	4	29	2358	s	4	30	0358	69 09.55	69 13.97	615	597	Boyer
nbp11902.016	BMP II	24	55	259.000	4	29	1225	s	4	29	1625	68 55.3	68 59.3	509	250	Wiebe
nbp12002.001	CTD	60	56	214.015	4	30	0046	e	4	30	0446	69 09.55	69 13.97	615	597	Boyer
nbp12002.002	BMP II	25	56--57	-	4	30	0537	s	4	30	0937	68 58.95	69 10.04	223		Dennett
nbp12002.003	BMP II	25	56--57	-	4	30	0733	e	4	30	1133	69 00.063	69 25.084	variable	400	Wiebe
nbp12002.004	Ice sample	4	~57	229.010	4	30	0815	s/e	4	30	1215	68 59.898	69 25.729	461	-	Vernet
nbp12002.005	CTD	61	57	229.010	4	30	0937	s	4	30	1337	68 59.90	69 25.74	512	500	Boyer
nbp12002.006	CTD	61	57	229.010	4	30	1018	e	4	30	1418	68 59.90	69 25.74	512	500	Boyer
nbp12002.007	Whale obs	-	57--58	-	4	30	1040	s	4	30	1440	68 59.806	69 24.188	541	-	Glasgow
nbp12002.008	Bird obs	-	57--58	-	4	30	1040	s	4	30	1440	68 59.806	69 24.188	541	-	Chapman
nbp12002.009	MOC	15	57--58	-	4	30	1215	s	4	30	1615	68 55.694	69 29.666	505		Ashjian
nbp12002.010	MOC	15	57--58	-	4	30	1355	e	4	30	1755	68 54.15	69 35.22	530	378	Ashjian
nbp12002.011	BMP II	26	57--58	-	4	30	1417	s	4	30	1817	68 54.1	69 35.8	530	225	Ashjian
nbp12002.012	Sonobuoy	33	-	-	4	30	1453	s	4	30	1853	68 54.013	69 42.139	572	120	Sirovic
nbp12002.013	Sonobuoy	33	-	-	4	30	1529	e	4	30	1929	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12002.014	BMP II	26	58	235.030	4	30	1600	e	4	30	2000	68 53.0	69 54.8	>1000	225	Ashjian
nbp12002.015	CTD	62	58	235.030	4	30	1625	s	4	30	2025	68 53.45	69 57.78	1287	1250	Sepulveda
nbp12002.016	Whale obs	-	58	235.030	4	30	1618	e	4	30	2018	68 53.484	69 55.767	1258	-	Glasgow
nbp12002.017	Bird obs	-	58	235.030	4	30	1618	e	4	30	2018	68 53.484	69 55.767	1258	-	Chapman
nbp12002.018	CTD	62	58	235.030	4	30	1800	e	4	30	2200	68 53.45	69 55.78	1287	1250	Sepulveda
nbp12002.019	ROV	2	58	235.030	4	30	1840	s	4	30	2240	68 53.43	69 55.79	1250	18	Girard
nbp12002.020	ROV	2	58	235.030	4	30	1949	e	4	30	2349	68 53.43	69 55.79	1250	18	Girard
nbp12002.021	BMP II	27	58--59	-	4	30	2325	s	5	1	0325	68 50.341	69 56.56	1409		Wiebe
nbp12102.001	BMP II	27	59	238.055	5	1	0251	e	5	1	0651	68 43.2	70 22.6	325		Wiebe
nbp12102.002	CTD	63	59	238.057	5	1	0328	s	5	1	0728	68 43.28	70 24.65	380	376	Boyer
nbp12102.003	CTD	63	59	238.057	5	1	0417	e	5	1	0817	68 43.28	70 24.65	380	376	Boyer
nbp12102.004	BMP II	28	59--60	-	5	1	0430	s	5	1	0830	68 42.44	70 25.48	380	150	Wiebe
nbp12102.005	Ice sample	5	59--60	-	5	1	0445	s/e	5	1	0845	68 41.624	70 27.737		0	Vernet
nbp12102.006	BMP II	28	60	219.075	5	1	0808	e	5	1	1208	68 45.71	71 03.56	295	50	Wiebe
nbp12102.007	CTD	64	60	219.075	5	1	0827	s	5	1	1227	68 45.64	71 04.10	313	306	Boyer
nbp12102.008	CTD	64	60	219.075	5	1	0857	e	5	1	1257	68 45.64	71 04.10	313	306	Boyer
nbp12102.009	Bird night survey	-	59--60	-	5	1	0726	s	5	1	1126	68 44.508	71 57.042	197	-	Chapman
nbp12102.010	Bird night survey	-	59--60	-	5	1	0756	e	5	1	1156	68 45.645	71 03.090	278	-	Chapman
nbp12102.011	Surface tow	12.5	60	219.075	5	1	0844	s	5	1	1244	68 45.526	71 04.091	359	-	Chapman
nbp12102.012	Surface tow	12.5	60	219.075	5	1	0929	e	5	1	1329	68 45.087	71 05.50	323	-	Chapman
nbp12102.013	Whale obs	-	60--61	-	5	1	0900	s	5	1	1300	68 45.518	71 06.148	320	-	Glasgow
nbp12102.014	Bird obs	-	60--61	-	5	1	0929	s	5	1	1329	68 45.087	71 05.509	323	-	Chapman
nbp12102.015	BMP II	29	60--61	-	5	1	0940	s	5	1	1340	68 44.905	71 06.102	321		Wiebe
nbp12102.016	Sonobuoy	34	60--61	-	5	1	1133	s	5	1	1533	68 40.053	71 15.662	252	30	Sirovic
nbp12102.017	BMP II	29	61	219.100	5	1	1255	e	5	1	1655	68 37.659	71 31.447	149		Wiebe
nbp12102.018	CTD	68	61	219.100	5	1	1311	s	5	1	1711	68 37.19	71 32.68	169	155	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12102.019	CTD	68	61	219.100	5	1	1352	e	5	1	1752	68 37.19	71 32.68	169	155	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12102.020	Sonobuoy	34	61	219.100	5	1	1301	e	5	1	1701	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12102.021	BMP II	30	61	219.100	5	1	1415	s	5	1	1815	68 36.2	71 34.0	145	250	Ashjian
nbp12102.022	Sonobuoy	35	-	-	5	1	1605	s	5	1	2005	68 31.044	71 51.322	770	120	Sirovic
nbp12102.023	Bird obs	-	61--62	-	5	1	1623	e	5	1	2023	68 30.297	71 54.818	605	-	Chapman
nbp12102.024	Whale obs	-	61--62	-	5	1	1650	e	5	1	2050	68 28 862	71 59.566	413	-	Glasgow
nbp12102.025	APOP	10	62	219.140	5	1	1919	s	5	1	2319	68 24.316	72 18.457	398	205	Chu
nbp12102.026	APOP	10	62	219.140	5	1	2054	e	5	2	0054	68 24.284	72 18.593	398	205	Chu
nbp12102.027	CTD	66	62	219.140	5	1	2101	s	5	2	0101	68 24.28	72 18.51	405	400	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12102.028	CTD	66	62	219.140	5	1	2157	e	5	2	0157	68 24.28	72 18.51	405	400	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12102.029	Sonobuoy	35	61-62	-	5	1	1742	e	5	1	2142	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12102.030	MOC	16	62	219.140	5	1	2200	s	5	2	0200	68 24.239	72 18.239	440	400	Ashjian
nbp12102.031	MOC	16	62	219.140	5	1	2349	e	5	2	0349	68 25.951	72 10.35	440	400	Ashjian
nbp12102.032	BMP II	30	62	219.140	5	1	1842	e	5	1	2242	68 24.02	72 17.96	449		Wiebe
nbp12202.001	BMP II	31	62--63	-	5	2	0033	s	5	2	0433	68 26.33	72 06.85	350		Wiebe
nbp12202.002	BMP II	31	63	219.180	5	2	0600	e	5	2	1000	68 10.51	73 04.00	323		Wiebe
nbp12202.003	CTD	67	63	219.180	5	2	0627	s	5	2	1027	68 10.52	73 04.02	323	318	Boyer
nbp12202.004	CTD	67	63	219.180	5	2	0657	e	5	2	1057	68 10.52	73 04.02	323	318	Boyer
nbp12202.005	Surface tow	13	63	219.180	5	2	0712	s	5	2	1112	68 10.278	73 04.688	327	-	Chapman
nbp12202.006	Surface tow	13	63	219.180	5	2	0736	e	5	2	1136	68 09.875	73 06.111	331	-	Chapman
nbp12202.007	BMP II	32	63--64	-	5	2	0744	s	5	2	1144	68 09.61	73 07.21	549	-	Wiebe
nbp12202.008	Whale obs	-	63--64	-	5	2	0855	s	5	2	1255	68 06.104	73 18.375	348	-	Glasgow
nbp12202.009	Bird obs	-	63--64	-	5	2	0918	s	5	2	1318	68 04.820	73 22.491	334	-	Chapman
nbp12202.010	Sonobuoy	35	63--64	-	5	2	1027	s	5	2	1427	68 01.356	73 33.475	470	120	Sirovic
nbp12202.011	BMP II	32	63--64	-	5	2	1154	e	5	2	1554	67 57.366	73 47.24	443	250	Wiebe
nbp12202.012	CTD	68	64	219.220	5	2	1209	s	5	2	1609	67 57.17	73 47.85	432	427	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12202.013	CTD	68	64	219.220	5	2	1308	e	5	2	1708	67 57.17	73 47.85	432	427	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12202.014	Sonobuoy	35	63--64	-	5	2	1154	e	5	2	1554	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12202.015	BMP II	33	64--65	-	5	2	1331	s	5	2	1731	67 57.12	73 49.722	445	250	Wiebe
nbp12202.016	CTD	69	65	219.230	5	2	1449	s	5	2	1849	67 53.71	73 58.66	427	421	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12202.017	CTD	69	65	219.230	5	2	1540	e	5	2	1940	67 53.71	73 58.66	427	421	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12202.018	BMP II	33	65	219.230	5	2	1427	e	5	2	1827	67 53.9	73 57.6	427	256	Wiebe
nbp12202.019	BMP II	34	65--66	-	5	2	1600	s	5	2	2000	67 53.5	74 00.4	434	250	Wiebe
nbp12202.020	Sonobuoy	37	65--66	-	5	2	1610	s	5	2	2010	67 52.992	74 02.193	427	120	Sirovic
nbp12202.021	Bird obs	-	65--66	-	5	2	1623	e	5	2	2023	67 52.403	74 03.464	414	-	Chapman
nbp12202.022	Whale obs	-	65--66	-	5	2	1658	e	5	2	2058	67 50.861	74 09.336	683	-	Glasgow
nbp12202.023	CTD	70	66	218.242	5	2	1826	s	5	2	2226	67 49.87	74 12.78	1150	1145	Sepulveda
nbp12202.024	CTD	70	66	218.242	5	2	1957	e	5	2	2357	67 49.87	74 12.78	1150	1145	Sepulveda
nbp12202.025	BMP II	34	66	218.242	5	2	1725	e	5	2	2125	67 49.94	74 12.64	1130	250	Wiebe
nbp12202.026	Sonobuoy	37	-	-	5	2	1725	e	5	2	2125	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12202.027	APOP	11	66	218.242	5	2	1920	s	5	2	2320	67 49.870	74 13.377	1215	205	Chu
nbp12202.028	APOP	11	66	218.242	5	2	2056	e	5	3	0056	67 49.800	74 13.350	1215	205	Chu
nbp12202.029	Surface tow	14	66	218.242	5	2	2100	s	5	3	0100	67 50.471	74 12.472	1009	-	Chapman
nbp12202.030	Surface tow	14	66	218.242	5	2	2135	e	5	3	0135	67 50.471	74 12.472	1009	-	Chapman
nbp12202.031	BMP II	35	66--67	-	5	2	2140	s	5	3	0140	67 50.266	74 12.880	1301	200	Wiebe
nbp12202.032	XCTD	2	67	219.250	5	2	2248	s/e	5	3	0248	67 46.499	74 21.092	2482	-	Sepulveda	Not loading
nbp12202.033	XBT	59	67	219.250	5	2	2258	s/e	5	3	0258	67 46.499	74 21.092	2484	-	Sepulveda	T5 BAD below 500
nbp12202.034	XBT	60	67	219.250	5	2	2301	s/e	5	3	0301	67 46.335	74 21.596	2500	-	Sepulveda	T5 BAD Below 500
nbp12302.001	BMP II	35	68	219.365	5	3	0025	e	5	3	0425	67 41.84	74 35.34	2499	200	Wiebe
nbp12302.002	CTD	71	68	219.365	5	3	0047	s	5	3	0447	67 41.45	74 36.48	2499	2494	Boyer
nbp12302.003	CTD	71	68	219.365	5	3	0254	e	5	3	0654	67 41.45	74 36.48	2499	2494	Boyer
nbp12302.004	BMP II	36	68	219.365	5	3	0310	s	5	3	0710	67 40.72	74 38.14	2453	250	Wiebe
nbp12302.005	XCTD	3	69	219.280	5	3	0444	s/e	5	3	0844	67 41.43	74 36.39	2774	1692	Boyer
nbp12302.006	BMP II	36	70	219.295	5	3	0622	e	5	3	1022	67 30.61	75 08.15	2903	250	Wiebe
nbp12302.007	Surface tow	15	70	219.295	5	3	0645	s	5	3	1045	67 30.61	75 08.15	2903	80	Chapman
nbp12302.008	Surface tow	15	70	219.295	5	3	0700	e	5	3	1100	67 30.61	75 08.15	2903	80	Chapman
nbp12302.009	CTD	72	70	219.295	5	3	0703	s	5	3	1103	67 30.96	75 08.31	2941	100	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12302.010	CTD	72	70	219.295	5	3	0713	e	5	3	0713	67 30.96	75 08.31	2941	100	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12302.011	CTD	72	70	219.295	5	3	0727	s	5	3	1127	67 30.95	75 08.28	2969	2964	Boyer
nbp12302.012	CTD	72	70	219.295	5	3	0956	e	5	3	1356	67 30.95	75 08.28	2969	2964	Boyer
nbp12302.013	Bird obs	-	70--71	-	5	3	0955	s	5	3	1355	67 31.365	75 08.091	2908	-	Chapman
nbp12302.014	BMP II	37	70--71	-	5	3	1011	s	5	3	1411	67 31.974	75 08.306	2908	~200	Wiebe
nbp12302.015	Whale obs	-	70--71	-	5	3	1015	s	5	3	1415	67 31.903	75 08.311	2976	-	Glasgow
nbp12302.016	Sonobuoy	38	70--71	-	5	3	1407	s	5	3	1807	67 49.298	75 03.753	3125	120	Sirovic
nbp12302.017	Bird obs	-	70--71	-	5	3	1605	e	5	3	2005	67 58.244	74 58.359	2755	-	Chapman
nbp12302.018	Sonobuoy	38	-	-	5	3	1518	e	5	3	1918	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12302.019	Whale obs	-	70--71	-	5	3	1645	e	5	3	2045	68 01.369	74 55.883	2560	-	Glasgow
nbp12302.020	APOP	12	71	179.241	5	3	1833	s	5	3	2233	68 05.995	74 47.750	414	205	Chu
nbp12302.021	APOP	12	71	179.241	5	3	2015	e	5	4	0015	68 06.060	74 47.797	417	205	Chu
nbp12302.022	BMP II	37	71	179.241	5	3	1818	e	5	3	2218	68 06.060	74 47.77	417	200	Wiebe
nbp12302.023	CTD	74	71	179.241	5	3	2023	s	5	4	0023	68 06.08	74 47.80	417	404	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12302.024	CTD	74	71	179.241	5	3	2112	e	5	4	0112	68 06.08	74 47.80	417	404	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12302.025	MOC	17	71	179.241	5	3	2121	s	5	4	0121	68 06.247	74 48.585	425		Wiebe
nbp12402.000	BMP II	38	71	179.241	5	4	0030	s	5	4	0430	68 10.334	75 00.633	488	225	Wiebe
nbp12402.001	BMP II	38	71	179.241	5	4	0240	e	5	4	0640	68 10.992	74 34.968	488	225	Wiebe
nbp12402.002	CTD	75	72	179.220	5	4	0340	s	5	4	0740	68 13.58	74 24.86	438	433	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12402.003	CTD	75	72	179.220	5	4	0418	e	5	4	0818	68 13.58	74 24.86	438	433	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12402.004	BMP II	39	72--73	-	5	4	0642	s	5	4	1042	68 22.03	73 58.08	600	250	Wiebe
nbp12402.005	BMP II	39	73	179.180	5	4	0836	e	5	4	1236	68 27.12	73 40.96	532	200	Wiebe
nbp12402.006	CTD	76	73	179.180	5	4	0859	s	5	4	1259	68 27.34	73 40.32	523	517	Boyer
nbp12402.007	CTD	76	73	179.180	5	4	0940	e	5	4	1340	68 27.34	73 40.32	523	517	Boyer
nbp12402.008	MOC	18	73	179.180	5	4	1000	s	5	4	1315	68 27.50	73 40.66	535	525	Wiebe
nbp12402.009	MOC	18	73	179.180	5	4	1215	e	5	4	1615	68 29.8	73 50.71	535	525	Ashjian
nbp12402.010	Whale obs	-	73--74	-	5	4	1200	s	5	4	1600	68 27.671	73 40.349	518	-	Glasgow
nbp12402.011	Bird obs	-	73--74	-	5	4	1209	s	5	4	1609	68 29.587	73 50.566	662	-	Chapman
nbp12402.012	BMP II	40	73--74	-	5	4	1420	s	5	4	1820	68 32.7	73 29.3	3158		Ashjian
nbp12402.013	Sonobuoy	39	to 74	-	5	4	1430	s/e	5	4	1830	68 32.400	73 27.171	549	120	Sirovic
nbp12402.014	Sonobuoy	40	to 74	-	5	4	1440	s	5	4	1840	68 32.780	73 25.661	581	120	Sirovic
nbp12402.015	Sonobuoy	40	to 74	-	5	4	1547	e	5	4	1947	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12402.016	Bird obs	-	to 74	-	5	4	1604	e	5	4	2004	68 36.935	73 10.970	729	-	Chapman
nbp12402.017	Whale obs	-	to 74	-	5	4	1655	e	5	4	2055	68 39.537	73 02.492	806	-	Glasgow
nbp12402.018	CTD	77	74	179.140	5	4	1751	s	5	4	2151	68 40.98	72 55.17	224	210	Cobb
nbp12402.019	CTD	77	74	179.140	5	4	1827	e	5	4	2227	68 40.98	72 55.17	224	210	Cobb
nbp12402.020	BMP II	40	74	179.140	5	4	1742	e	5	4	2142	68 40.99	72 55.22	232	25	Wiebe
nbp12402.021	APOP	13	74	179.140	5	4	1842	s	5	4	2242	68 40.931	72 54.889	227	205	Chu
nbp12402.022	APOP	13	74	179.140	5	4	2023	e	5	4	0023	68 40.883	72 54.864	218	205	Chu
nbp12402.023	Surface tow	16	74	179.140	5	4	2025	s	5	5	0025	68 40.879	72 54.886	218	-	Chapman
nbp12402.024	Surface tow	16	74	179.140	5	4	2100	e	5	5	0100	68 41.064	72 53.354	271	-	Chapman
nbp12402.025	BMP II	41	74-75	-	5	4	2110	s	5	5	0110	68 41.245	72 52.56	270	80	Wiebe
nbp12402.026	Bird obs	-	74	179.140	5	4	2139	s	5	5	0139	68 42.462	72 48.153	218	-	Chapman
nbp12402.027	Bird obs	-	74--75	-	5	4	2220	e	5	5	0220	68 44.190	72 42.533	288	-	Chapman
nbp12402.028	MOC	17	71	179.241	5	3	2349	e	5	4	0349	68 09.17	74 58.69	450		Wiebe
nbp12502.001	BMP II	41	75	179.100	5	5	0305	e	5	5	0705	68 54.6	72 08.89	170	70	Wiebe
nbp12502.002	CTD	78	75	179.100	5	5	0321	s	5	5	0721	68 54.54	72 08.87	165	162	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12502.003	CTD	78	75	179.100	5	5	0348	e	5	5	0748	68 54.54	72 08.87	165	162	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12502.004	BMP II	42	75	179.100	5	5	0420	s	5	5	0820	68 55.356	72 10.273	266		Wiebe
nbp12502.005	Bird night survey	-	to 76	-	5	5	0753	s	5	5	1153	69 06.325	72 35.425	117	-	Chapman
nbp12502.006	Bird night survey	-	to 76	-	5	5	0836	e	5	5	1236	69 08.460	72 40.392	136	-	Chapman
nbp12502.007	BMP II	42	76	139.100	5	5	0931	e	5	5	1331	69 11.032	72 41.032	138	75	Wiebe
nbp12502.008	ROV	3	76	139.100	5	5	1025	s	5	5	1425	69 11.170	72 46.379	168		Kukulya
nbp12502.009	ROV	3	76	139.100	5	5	1035	e	5	5	1435	69 10.776	72 45.688	168		Kukulya
nbp12502.010	Ice sample	6	76	139.100	5	5	1100	s/e	5	5	1500	69 10.252	72 45.231	170	-	Vernet
nbp12502.011	CTD	79	76	139.100	5	5	1208	s	5	5	1608	69 10.22	72 45.11	189	178	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12502.012	CTD	79	76	139.100	5	5	1243	e	5	5	1643	69 10.22	72 45.11	189	178	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12502.013	Whale obs	-	76--77	-	5	5	1325	s	5	5	1725	69 09552	72 42.540	167	-	Glasgow
nbp12502.014	Bird obs	-	76--77	-	5	5	1346	s	5	5	1746	69 08.884	72 41.183	150	-	Chapman
nbp12502.015	MOC	19	76	139.100	5	5	1303	s	5	5	1703	69 09.91	72 44.6	126	180	Ashjian
nbp12502.016	MOC	19	76	139.100	5	5	1352	e	5	5	1746	69 08.8	72 41.2			Ashjian
nbp12502.017	BMP II	43	76	139.100	5	5	1430	s	5	5	1830	69 09.711	72 45.9		70	Wiebe
nbp12502.018	Sonobuoy	41	76--77	-	5	5	1603	s	5	5	2003	69 06.911	72 59.121	230	120	Sirovic
nbp12502.019	Sonobuoy	41	76--77	-	5	5	1637	e	5	5	2037	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12502.020	Bird obs	-	76--77	-	5	5	1639	e	5	5	2039	69 05.135	73 03.556	913	-	Chapman
nbp12502.021	Whale obs	-	76--77	-	5	5	1645	e	5	5	2045	69 05.026	73 03.833	968		Glasgow
nbp12502.022	CTD	80	77	139.140	5	5	2012	s	5	6	0012	68 57.33	73 33.05	221	216	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12502.023	CTD	80	77	139.140	5	5	2054	e	5	6	0054	68 57.33	73 33.05	221	216	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12502.024	APOP	14	77	139.140	5	5	2123	s	5	6	0123	68 57.551	73 30.492	154	165	Chu
nbp12502.025	APOP	14	77	139.140	5	5	2243	e	5	6	0243	68 56.994	73 32.274	184		Chu
nbp12502.026	BMP II	43	77	139.140	5	5	2006	e	5	6	0006	68 57.34	73 33.00	199	20	Wiebe
nbp12502.027	Surface tow	17	77	139.140	5	5	2055	s/e	5	6	0055	68 57.33	73 33.05	221		Chapman
nbp12502.028	BMP II	44	77-78	-	5	5	2325	s	5	6	0325	68 57.188	73 31.68	192		Wiebe
nbp12602.001	BMP II	44	78	139.180	5	6	0430	e	5	6	0830	68 43.69	74 18.58	476	25	Wiebe
nbp12602.002	CTD	81	78	139.180	5	6	0439	s	5	6	0839	68 43.69	74 18.57	488	464	MacKay
nbp12602.003	CTD	81	78	139.180	5	6	0524	e	5	6	0924	68 43.69	74 18.57	488	464	MacKay
nbp12602.004	Ice sample	7	78	139.180	5	6	0530	s/e	5	6	0930	68 43.591	74 18.512	484	0	Vernet
nbp12602.005	BMP II	45	78--79	-	5	6	0548	s	5	6	0948	68 43.74	74 14.5	503	-	Wiebe
nbp12602.006	Whale obs	-	78--79	-	5	6	0853	s	5	6	1253	68 33.788	74 49.516	475	-	Glasgow
nbp12602.007	Bird obs	-	78--79	-	5	6	0904	s	5	6	1304	68 33.128	74 51.874	465	-	Chapman
nbp12602.008	BMP II	45	79	139.220	5	6	1005	e	5	6	1405	68 30.341	75 05.226	442	200	Wiebe
nbp12602.009	CTD	82	79	139.220	5	6	1031	s	5	6	1431	68 29.54	75 02.84	427	422	MacKay
nbp12602.010	CTD	82	79	139.220	5	6	1112	e	5	6	1512	68 29.54	75 02.84	427	422	MacKay
nbp12602.011	BMP II	46	79--80	-	5	6	1125	s	5	6	1525	68 29.48	75 03.397	440	200	Wiebe
nbp12602.012	Sonobuoy	42	-	-	5	6	1139	s	5	6	1539	68 28.971	75 15.851	431	120	Sirovic
nbp12602.013	Sonobuoy	42	-	-	5	6	1306	e	5	6	1706	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12602.014	Sonobuoy	43	-	-	5	6	1416	s	5	6	1816	68 20.147	75 32.007	446	120	Sirovic
nbp12602.015	CTD	83	80	139.255	5	6	1602	s	5	6	2002	68 17.21	75 41.37	2051	2049	Cobb
nbp12602.016	CTD	83	80	139.255	5	6	1750	e	5	6	2150	68 17.21	75 41.37	2051	2049	Cobb
nbp12602.017	BMP II	46	80	139.255	5	6	1515	e	5	6	1915	68 17.507	75 39.654	1420	230	Wiebe
nbp12602.018	Bird obs	-	80	139.255	5	6	1518	e	5	6	1918	68 17.104	75 41.500	2075	-	Chapman
nbp12602.019	Sonobuoy	43	80	139.255	5	6	1516	e	5	6	1916	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12602.020	Whale obs	-	80	139.255	5	6	1610	e	5	6	2010	68 17.248	75 41.291	1985	-	Glasgow
nbp12602.021	Surface tow	18	80	139.255	5	6	1749	s	5	6	2149	68 17.148	75 40.879	1939	-	Chapman
nbp12602.022	Surface tow	18	80	139.255	5	6	1820	e	5	6	2220	68 17.491	75 39.619	1488	-	Chapman
nbp12602.023	BMP II	47	80	139.255	5	6	1830	s	5	6	2230	68 18.10	75 40.88	1394	250	Wiebe
nbp12602.024	Bird obs	-	80--81	-	5	6	2050	s	5	6	2450	68 26.778	75 59.643	944	-	Chapman
nbp12602.025	Bird obs	-	80--81	-	5	6	2125	e	5	7	0125	68 28.916	76 05.432	694	-	Chapman
nbp12602.026	BMP II	47	80--81	-	5	6	2250	e	5	7	0250	68 32.988	76 18.20	1075	200	Wiebe
nbp12602.027	CTD	84	81	099.220	5	6	2309	s	5	7	0309	68 32.94	76 20.48	1176	1175	Cobb
nbp12702.001	CTD	84	81	099.220	5	7	0020	e	5	7	0420	68 32.94	76 20.48	1176	1175	Cobb
nbp12702.002	BMP II	48	81	099.220	5	7	0035	s	5	7	0435	68 33.65	76 17.66	650	250	Ashjian
nbp12702.003	BMP II	48	82	099.220	5	7	0424	e	5	7	0824	68 45.67	75 42.07	452	250	Wiebe
nbp12702.004	CTD	85	82	099.220	5	7	0435	s	5	7	0835	68 45.68	75 42.07	455	450	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12702.005	CTD	85	82	099.220	5	7	0515	e	5	7	0915	68 45.68	75 42.07	455	450	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12702.006	Surface tow	19	82	099.220	5	7	0525	s	5	7	0925	68 45.895	75 42.07	455	75	Chapman
nbp12702.007	Surface tow	19	82	099.220	5	7	0541	e	5	7	0941	68 45.895	75 41.478	457	75	Chapman
nbp12702.008	Reeve net	10	82	99.220	5	7	0545	s	5	7	0945	68 45.980	75 41.241	457	434	Chu
nbp12702.009	Reeve net	10	82	99.220	5	7	0652	e	5	7	1052	68 45.860	75 39.150	470	434	Chu
nbp12702.010	BMP II	49	82	099.220	5	7	0655	s	5	7	1055	68 46.22	75 38.65	470	250	Wiebe
nbp12702.011	Bird obs	-	82--83	-	5	7	0850	s	5	7	1250	68 52.447	75 19.947	385	-	Chapman
nbp12702.012	Whale obs	-	82--83	-	5	7	0920	s	5	7	1320	68 54.175	75 14.431	430	-	Glasgow
nbp12702.013	Sonobuoy	44	82--83	-	5	7	1039	s/e	5	7	1439	68 58.423	75 02.618	438	120	Sirovic	Failed
nbp12702.014	BMP II	49	82--83	-	5	7	1105	e	5	7	1505	68 59.675	74 58.62	346	200	Wiebe
nbp12702.015	CTD	86	83	099.180	5	7	1134	s	5	7	1534	69 00.19	74 57.42	337	332	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12702.016	CTD	86	83	099.180	5	7	1208	e	5	7	1608	69 00.19	74 57.42	337	332	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12702.017	MOC	20	83	099.180	5	7	1240	s	5	7	1640	69 03.7	74 56.1	365	329	Ashjian
nbp12702.018	MOC	20	83	099.180	5	7	1418	e	5	7	1818	69 01.2	75 04.6	374	-	Ashjian
nbp12702.019	BMP II	50	83	099.180	5	7	1500	s	5	7	1900	69 2.45	74 57.83	387		Wiebe
nbp12702.020	Bird obs	-	83--84	-	5	7	1622	e	5	7	2022	69 03.748	74 45.144	363	-	Chapman
nbp12702.021	Whale obs	-	83--84	-	5	7	1642	e	5	7	2042	69 04.619	74 42.148	383		Glasgow
nbp12702.022	Sonobuoy	45	83--84	-	5	7	1658	s	5	7	2058	69 05.371	74 40.041	420	120	Sirovic
nbp12702.023	Sonobuoy	45	83--84	-	5	7	1810	e	5	7	2210	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12702.024	BMP II	50	84	099.140	5	7	2000	e	5	8	0000	69 14.00	74 11.81	634	25	Wiebe
nbp12702.027	Ice sample	8	84	099.140	5	7	2055	s/e	5	8	0055	69 14.001	74 11.788	641	-	Vernet
nbp12702.028	CTD	87	84	099.140	5	7	2105	s	5	8	0105	69 13.98	74 11.70	638	100	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12702.029	CTD	87	84	099.140	5	7	2121	e	5	8	0121	69 13.98	74 11.70	638	100	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12702.030	CTD	88	84	099.140	5	7	2131	s	5	8	0131	69 13.99	74 11.82	638	635	Cobb
nbp12702.031	CTD	88	84	099.140	5	7	2220	e	5	8	0220	69 13.99	74 11.82	638	635	Cobb
nbp12702.032	APOP	15	84	099.140	5	7	2232	s	5	8	0232	69 14.010	74 11.628	652	205	Chu
nbp12802.001	APOP	15	84	099.140	5	8	0013	e	5	8	0413	69 14.213	74 12.192	606	205	Chu
nbp12802.002	BMP II	51	84	099.140	5	8	0015	s	5	8	0415	69 14.120	74 11.849	638	250	Wiebe
nbp12802.003	BMP II	51	84	099.140	5	8	0505	e	5	8	0905	69 31.21	74 25.75	203	200	Wiebe
nbp12802.004	ROV	5	85	061.122	5	8	0628	s	5	8	1028	69 32.719	74 025.648	180	10	Girard
nbp12802.005	ROV	5	85	061.122	5	8	0750	e	5	8	1150	69 32.719	74 025.648	180	10	Girard
nbp12802.006	Ice sample	9	85	061.122	5	8	0835	s/e	5	8	1235	69 32.922	74 25.842	184	-	Vernet
nbp12802.007	CTD	89	85	061.122	5	8	0926	s	5	8	1326	69 32.93	74 25.82	175	170	MacKay
nbp12802.008	CTD	89	85	061.122	5	8	0957	e	5	8	1357	69 32.93	74 25.82	175	170	MacKay
nbp12802.009	Bird obs	-	to 86	-	5	8	0955	s	5	8	1355	69 32.954	74 25.812	166	-	Chapman
nbp12802.010	Whale obs	-	to 86	-	5	8	0955	s	5	8	1355	69 32.954	74 25.812	166	-	Glasgow
nbp12802.011	BMP II	52	85-86	-	5	8	1139	s	5	8	1539	69 28.584	74 30.74	289		Wiebe
nbp12802.012	BMP II	52	to86	-	5	8	1420	e	5	8	1820	69 29.26	74 49.58	280		Ashjian
nbp12802.013	CTD	90	86	059.140	5	8	1424	s	5	8	1824	69 29.30	74 49.57	260	252	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12802.014	CTD	90	86	059.140	5	8	1502	e	5	8	1902	69 29.30	74 49.57	260	252	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12802.015	BMP II	53	86	059.140	5	8	1520	s	5	8	1920	69 28.64	74 52.39	312		Ashjian
nbp12802.016	Sonobuoy	46	86--87	-	5	8	1542	s	5	8	1942	69 27.919	74 55.174	261	120	Sirovic
nbp12802.017	Sonobuoy	46	86--87	-	5	8	1626	e	5	8	2026	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12802.018	Bird obs	-	86--87	-	5	8	1652	e	5	8	2052	69 24.327	75 07.659	300	-	Chapman
nbp12802.019	Whale obs	-	86--87	-	5	8	1655	e	5	8	2055	69 24.219	75 08.157	248		Glasgow
nbp12802.020	BMP II	53	86--87	-	5	8	2005	e	5	9	0005	69 16.041	75 36.37	400	200	Wiebe
nbp12802.021	Surface tow	20	87	059.180	5	8	2025	s	5	9	0025	69 15.917	75 37.722	409	-	Chapman
nbp12802.022	Surface tow	20	87	059.180	5	8	2038	e	5	9	0038	69 15.79	75 38.02	438	-	Chapman
nbp12802.023	CTD	91	87	059.180	5	8	2109	s	5	9	0109	69 15.79	75 38.02	438	433	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12802.024	CTD	91	87	059.180	5	8	2201	e	5	9	0201	69 15.79	75 38.02	438	433	Sepulveda	FRRF
nbp12802.025	BMP II	54	87--88	-	5	8	2221	s	5	9	0221	69 15.006	75 39.386	490	200	Wiebe
nbp12802.026	Sonobuoy	47	87--88	-	5	8	2234	s	5	9	0234	69 14.536	75 41.211	450	120	Sirovic
nbp12802.027	Sonobuoy	47	87--88	-	5	8	2328	e	5	9	0328	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12902.001	BMP II	54	88	059.220	5	9	0310	e	5	9	0710	69 01.29	76 22.20	429	200	Ashjian
nbp12902.002	CTD	92	88	059.220	5	9	0325	s	5	9	0725	69 01.33	76 22.18	430	425	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12902.003	CTD	92	88	059.220	5	9	0400	e	5	9	0800	69 01.33	76 22.18	430	425	Boyer	FRRF
nbp12902.004	ROV	6	88	059.220	5	9	0430	s	5	9	0830	69 00.62	76 21.99	410	10	Girard
nbp12902.005	ROV	6	88	059.220	5	9	0555	e	5	9	0955	68 59.76	76 21.88	410	10	Girard
nbp12902.006	Reeve net	11	88	059.220	5	9	0605	s	5	9	1005	68 59.782	76 21.865	421	375	Chu
nbp12902.007	Reeve net	11	88	059.220	5	9	0655	e	5	9	1055	68 59.421	76 22.083	420	375	Chu
nbp12902.008	BMP II	55	88	059.220	5	9	0710	s	5	9	1110	68 59.75	76 23.15	420		Wiebe
nbp12902.009	Bird obs	-	88-89	-	5	9	0844	s	5	9	1244	68 55.890	76 40.125	318	-	Chapman
nbp12902.010	Whale obs	-	88-89	-	5	9	0920	s	5	9	1320	68 52.880	76 45.770	400	-	Glasgow
nbp12902.011	Sonobuoy	48	88-89	-	5	9	0948	s	5	9	1348	68 52.491	76 49.714	393	120	Sirovic
nbp12902.012	Sonobuoy	48	88-89	-	6	9	1021	e	5	9	1421	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12902.013	BMP II	55	88-89	-	5	9	1053	e	5	9	1453	68 49.13	76 59.60	447	200	Wiebe
nbp12902.014	CTD	93	89	059.255	5	9	1113	s	5	9	1513	68 48.62	76 59.45	423	436	MacKay
nbp12902.015	MOC	21	89	059.255	5	9	1237	s	5	9	1637	68 48.4	76 58.5	412	390	Ashjian
nbp12902.016	MOC	21	89	059.255	5	9	1413	e	5	9	1813	68 54.7	77 04.9	417	390	Ashjian
nbp12902.017	BMP II	56	89	059.255	5	9	1445	s	5	9	1845	68 52.57	77 10.10	417		Wiebe
nbp12902.018	Sonobuoy	49	89--90	-	5	9	1519	s	5	9	1919	68 53.866	77 14.410	260	120	Sirovic
nbp12902.019	Sonobuoy	49	89--90	-	5	9	1529	e	5	9	1929	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12902.020	Bird obs	-	89--90	-	5	9	1658	e	5	9	2058	68 58.815	77 31.647	413	-	Chapman
nbp12902.021	Whale obs	-	89--90	-	5	9	1705	e	5	9	2105	68 59.240	77 33.205	216	-	Glasgow
nbp12902.022	BMP II	56	90	019.260	5	9	1840	e	5	9	2240	69 02.45	77 46.49	408	25	Wiebe
nbp12902.023	CTD	94	90	019.260	5	9	1843	s	5	9	2243	69 02.46	77 46.47	408	401	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12902.024	CTD	94	90	019.260	5	9	1925	e	5	9	2325	69 02.46	77 46.47	408	401	Cobb	FRRF
nbp12902.025	Surface tow	21	90	019.260	5	9	1922	s	5	9	2322	69 02.47	77 46.533	406	100	Chapman
nbp12902.026	Surface tow	21	90	019.260	5	9	2012	e	5	10	0012	69 02.536	77 45.910	406	100	Chapman
nbp12902.027	BMP II	57	90	019.260	5	9	2016	s	5	10	0016	69 2.65	77 45.62			Wiebe
nbp12902.028	CTD	93	89	059.255	5	9	1152	e	5	9	1552	68 48.62	76 59.45	423	436	MacKay
nbp13002.001	BMP II	57	91	019.220	5	10	0117	e	5	10	0517	69 17.400	77 03.320	407	225	Wiebe
nbp13002.002	CTD	95	91	019.220	5	10	0118	s	5	10	0518	69 17.40	77 03.31	406	391	MacKay
nbp13002.003	CTD	95	91	019.220	5	10	0154	e	5	10	0554	69 17.40	77 03.31	406	391	MacKay
nbp13002.004	BMP II	58	91	019.220	5	10	0210	s	5	10	0610	69 17.40	77 03.31	406	220	Wiebe
nbp13002.005	BMP II	58	92	019.180	5	10	0725	e	5	10	1125	69 31.97	76 19.12	424	25	Wiebe
nbp13002.006	Ice sample	10	92	019.180	5	10	0800	s/e	5	10	1200	69 31.785	76 19.388	428	-	Vernet
nbp13002.007	ROV	6	92	019.180	5	10	1005	s	5	10	1405	69 31.785	76 19.388	435	-	Girard
nbp13002.008	ROV	6	92	019.180	5	10	1105	e	5	10	1505	69 31.785	76 19.388	434	-	Girard
nbp13002.009	CTD	96	92	019.180	5	10	1141	s	5	10	1541	69 31.99	76 18.41	418	406	MacKay	FRRF
nbp13002.010	CTD	96	92	019.180	5	10	1225	e	5	10	1625	69 31.99	76 18.41	418	406	Cobb	FRRF
nbp13002.011	Whale obs	-	92	019.180	5	10	1255	s	5	10	1655	69 32.029	76 16.976	478	-	Glasgow
nbp13002.012	MOC	22	92	019.180	5	10	1254	s	5	10	1654	69 31.99	76 17.3	470	282	Ashjian
nbp13002.013	MOC	22	92	019.180	5	10	1415	e	5	10	1815	69 34.3	76 19.3	330	282	Ashjian
nbp13002.014	Bird obs	-	92--51	-	5	10	1413	s	5	10	1813	69 34.370	76 19.359	382	-	Chapman
nbp13002.015	Sonobuoy	50	92--51	-	5	10	1618	s	5	10	2018	69 27.307	75 58.962	352	120	Sirovic
nbp13002.016	Whale obs	-	92--51	-	5	10	1627	e	5	10	2027	69 26.884	75 57.339	309	-	Glasgow
nbp13002.017	Sonobuoy	50	92--51	-	5	10	1815	e	5	10	2215	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13002.018	Bird obs	-	92--51	-	5	10	1627	e	5	10	2027	69 26.884	75 57.339	309	-	Chapman
nbp13102.001	Whale obs	-	92--51	-	5	11	0940	s	5	11	1340	68 46.577	72 30.411	139	-	Glasgow
nbp13102.002	Bird obs	-	92--51	-	5	11	0953	s	5	11	1353	68 45.826	72 28.570	137	-	Chapman
nbp13102.003	Sonobuoy	51	92--51	-	5	11	1428	s/e	5	11	1828	68 19.698	72 52.465	593	120	Sirovic
nbp13102.004	Bird obs	-	92--51	-	5	11	1604	e	5	11	2004	68 09.459	71 45.061	343	-	Chapman
nbp13102.005	Whale obs	-	92--51	-	5	11	1620	e	5	11	2020	68 08.252	71 42.713	403	-	Glasgow
nbp13102.006	BMP II	59	51	259.140	5	11	1653	s	5	11	2053	68 07.00	71 42.75	546		Wiebe
nbp13102.007	BMP II	59	50	259.180	5	11	2132	e	5	12	0132	67 54.27	72 27.01	368		Wiebe
nbp13202.001	BMP II	60	43			12	0312	s	5	12	0712	67 51.52	71 04.499			Wiebe
nbp13203.002	Whale obs	-	43--41	-	5	12	0925	s	5	12	1325	68 09.937	70 01.163	892	-	Glasgow
nbp13203.003	Bird obs	-	43--41	-	5	12	0945	s	5	12	1345	68 10.875	69 57.704	599	-	Chapman
nbp13202.004	Sonobuoy	52	43--41	-	5	12	1051	s	5	12	1451	68 13.857	69 46.042	460	120	Sirovic
nbp13202.005	BMP II	60	41		5	12	1200	e	5	12	1600	68 14.53	69 34.29	426		Wiebe
nbp13202.006	CTD	97	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1435	s	5	12	1835	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.007	CTD	97	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1457	e	5	12	1857	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.008	CTD	98	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1501	s	5	12	1901	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.009	CTD	98	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1506	e	5	12	1906	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.010	CTD	99	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1511	s	5	12	1911	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.011	CTD	99	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1515	e	5	12	1915	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.012	CTD	100	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1519	s	5	12	1919	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.013	CTD	100	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1522	e	5	12	1922	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	100	Ashford	FRRF Experiment
nbp13202.014	CTD	101	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1528	s	5	12	1928	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	200	Ashford	FRRF & Nuts Experiment
nbp13202.015	CTD	101	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1558	e	5	12	1958	68 15.71	68 59.81	272	200	Ashford	FRRF & Nuts Experiment
nbp13202.018	Bird obs	-	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1439	e	5	12	1839	68 15.712	68 59.775	275	-	Chapman
nbp13202.019	APOP	16	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1615	s	5	12	2015	68 15.787	68 59.534	227	205	Chu
nbp13202.020	APOP	16	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1752	e	5	12	2152	68 15.862	68 58.909	234	205	Chu
nbp13202.021	Whale obs	-	MBCTD	314.020	5	12	1439	e	5	12	1839	68 15.712	68 59.775	275	-	Glasgow
nbp13202.022	Sonobuoy	52	-	-	5	12	1209	e	5	12	1609	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13202.023	Sonobuoy	53	-	-	5	12	2047	s	5	13	0047	67 57.770	69 30.325	625	120	Sirovic
nbp13202.024	ROV	7	28		5	12	2253	s	5	13	0253	67 45.896	69 48.489	620	10	Girard
nbp13202.025	ROV	7	28		5	12	2346	e	5	13	0346	67 45.656	69 47.438	620	10	Girard
nbp13202.026	Sonobuoy	53			5	12	2152	e	5	13	0152	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13302.001	BMP II	61	28--27	-	5	13	0012	s	5	13	0412	67 45.437	69 48.203	625	250	Wiebe
nbp13302.002	BMP II	61	27	339.100	5	13	0445	e	5	13	0845	67 31.33	70 34.33	647	25	Wiebe
nbp13302.003	MOC	23	26	339.180	5	13	0741	s	5	13	1141	67 20.71	71 17.41	460	447	Alatalo
nbp13302.004	MOC	23	26	339.180	5	13	0926	e	5	13	1326	67 22.16	71 24.60	457	447	Alatalo
nbp13302.005	Whale obs	-	26	-	5	13	0945	s	5	13	1345	67 21.335	71 21.733	458	-	Glasgow
nbp13302.006	bird obs	-	to MT1	-	5	13	0953	s	5	13	1353	67 21.202	71 19.519	459	-	Chapman
nbp13302.007	Sonobuoy	54	to MT1	-	5	13	1127	s	5	13	1527	67 20.233	70 50.286	506	120	Sirovic
nbp13302.008	CTD	102	MT1	364.148	5	13	1306	s	5	13	1706	67 20.11	70 21.34	631	623	Cobb
nbp13302.009	CTD	102	MT1	364.148	5	13	1357	e	5	13	1757	67 20.11	70 21.34	631	623	Cobb
nbp13302.010	Sonobuoy	54	to MT1	-	5	13	1251	e	5	13	1651	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp12202.011	Sonobuoy	55	to MT2	-	5	13	1512	s	5	13	1912	67 12.979	70 17.024	641	120	Sirovic
nbp13302.012	CTD	103	MT2	387.160	5	13	1606	s	5	13	2006	67 06.05	70 16.13	642	641	Cobb
nbp13302.013	CTD	103	MT2	387.160	5	13	1653	e	5	13	2053	67 06.05	70 16.13	642	641	Cobb
nbp13302.014	Sonobuoy	55	to MT2	-	5	13	1559	e	5	13	1959	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13302.015	Whale obs	-	MT2	387.160	5	13	1613	e	5	13	2013	67 06.095	70 16.260	643	-	Glasgow
nbp13302.016	bird obs	-	MT2	-	5	13	1613	e	5	13	2013	67 06.095	70 16.260	643	-	Chapman
nbp13302.017	CTD	104	MT3	402.178	5	13	1846	s	5	13	2246	66 54.02	70 22.98	638	634	Cobb
nbp13302.018	CTD	104	MT3	402.178	5	13	1931	e	5	13	2331	66 54.02	70 22.98	638	634	Cobb
nbp13302.019	Sonobuoy	56	to MT4	-	5	13	2052	s	5	14	0052	66 48.595	70 42.880	532	120	Sirovic
nbp13302.020	Sonobuoy	56	to MT4	-	5	13	2154	e	5	14	0154	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13402.001	CTD	105	MT4	423.196	5	14	0035	s	5	14	0434	66 39.086	70 24.751	613	597	MacKay
nbp13402.002	CTD	105	MT4	423.196	5	14	0122	e	5	14	0522	66 39.086	70 24.751	613	597	MacKay
nbp13402.003	CTD	106	MT5	433.217	5	14	0311	s	5	14	0711	66 28.05	70 39.96	606	588	MacKay
nbp13402.004	CTD	106	MT5	433.217	5	14	0358	e	5	14	0758	66 28.05	70 39.96	606	588	MacKay
nbp13402.005	BMP II	62	10		5	14	0558	s	5	14	0958	66 16.46	70 22.13	476	247	Wiebe
nbp13402.006	Whale obs	-	to 8	-	5	14	0925	s	5	14	1325	66 27.117	69 48.605	474	-	Glasgow
nbp13402.007	XBT	61	near 9		5	14	0945	s/e	5	14	1345	66 27.88	69 45.50	494	460	Klinck	T-4
nbp13402.008	Bird obs	-	to 8	-	5	14	0940	s	5	14	1340	66 27.699	69 46.052	482	-	Chapman
nbp13402.009	Sonobuoy	57	to 8	-	5	14	0954	s	5	14	1354	66 28.741	69 43.478	507	120	Sirovic
nbp13402.010	XBT	62	nearer 9	-	5	14	1013	s/e	5	14	1413	66 29.3118	69 41.00	490	460	Klinck	T-4
nbp13402.011	XBT	63	jimi	-	5	14	1043	s/e	5	14	1443	66 30.932	69 36.364	489	460	Klinck	T-4
nbp13402.012	XBT	64	janis	-	5	14	1118	s/e	5	14	1518	66 32.422	69 30.877	476	460	Klinck	T-4
nbp13402.013	XBT	65	bonham	-	5	14	1147	s/e	5	14	1547	66 33.938	69 25.926	460	460	Klinck	T-4
nbp13402.014	XBT	66	rotten	-	5	14	1214	s/e	5	14	1614	66 35.347	69 20.742	413	413	Klinck	T-4
nbp13402.015	BMP II	62		-	5	14	1445	e	5	14	1845	66 41.068	68 54.609	314	225	Wiebe
nbp13402.016	Whale obs	-	to Crystal Sound	-	5	14	1600	e	5	14	2000	66 36.111	68 35.212	590	-	Glasgow
nbp13402.017	Sonobuoy	57	to Crystal Sound	-	5	14	1248	e	5	14	1648	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13402.018	Bird obs	-	to Crystal Sound	-	5	14	1636	e	5	14	2036	66 34.741	68 23.900	417	-	Chapman
nbp13402.019	BMP II	63	6	499.120	5	14	1758	s	5	14	2158	66 29.17	67 56.49	415	125	Wiebe
nbp13402.20	BMP II	63	Crystal Sound	-	5	14	2238	e	5	15	0238	66 40.094	67 40.094			Wiebe
nbp13502.001	Reeve Net	12	krill patch	-	5	15	0022	s	5	15	0422	66 31.401	67 36.531	276	100	Chu
nbp13502.002	Reeve Net	12	krill patch	-	5	15	0124	e	5	15	0524	66 32.164	67 34.974	296	120	Chu
nbp13502.003	APOP	17	krill patch	-	5	15	0208	s	5	15	0608	66 32.042	67 35.099	282	205	Chu
nbp13502.004	APOP	17	krill patch	-	5	15	0345	e	5	15	0745	66 31.719	67 33.814	363		Chu
nbp13502.005	MOC	24	Crystal Sound	-	5	15		s	5	15
nbp13502.006	MOC							e
nbp13502.007	CTD	107	CS1	504.108	5	15	0543	s	5	15	0943	66 30.92	67 44.37	360	356	Boyer
nbp13502.008	CTD	107	CS1	504.108	5	15	0619	e	5	15	1019	66 30.92	67 44.37	360	356	Boyer
nbp13502.009	ROV	8	CS2		5	15	0715	s	5	15	1115	66 31.180	67 40.692	360	15	Girard
nbp13502.010	ROV	8	CS2		5	15	0759	e	5	15	1159	66 31.180	67 40.692	360	15	Girard
nbp13502.011	Whale obs	-	-	-	5	15	0850	s	5	15	1250	66 30.735	67 30.622	614	-	Glasgow
nbp13502.012	Sonobuoy	58	-	-	5	15	0927	s	5	15	1327	66 31.59	67 19.17	518	120	Sirovic
nbp13502.013	Sonobuoy	58	-	-	5	15	1014	e	5	15	1414	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13502.014	Adelie Diet Sample	-	Barcroft Islands	-	5	15	1130	s	5	15	1530	66 25.00	67 10.00	-	-	Chapman
nbp13502.015	Sonobuoy	59	-	-	5	15	1157	s	5	15	1557	66 28.038	66 57.433	513	400	Sirovic
nbp13502.016	BMP II	64	CS3	-	5	15	1306	s	5	15	1706	66 28.76	67 02.63	305	2	Wiebe	Calibration
nbp13502.017	BMP II	64	CS3	-	5	15	1615	e	5	15	2015	66 28.93	67 02.36	390	2	Wiebe	Calibration
nbp13502.018	APOP	18	CS3	-	5	15	1625	s	5	15	2025	66 28.834	67 02.405	411	210	Chu
nbp13502.019	APOP	18	CS3	-	5	15	1804	e	5	15	2204	66 29.016	67 02.427	387	210	Chu
nbp13502.020	Sonobuoy	59	-	-	5	15	1406	e	5	15	1806	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13502.021	Whale obs	-	-	-	5	15	1530	e	5	15	1930	66 28.93	67 02.36	390	-	Glasgow
nbp13502.022	Adelie Diet Sample	-	Barcroft Islands	-	5	15	1600	e	5	15	2000	66 25.00	67 10.00	-	-	Chapman
nbp13602.001	Palmer Sta	-	-	-	5	16	1130	s	5	16	1530	64 46.0	64 02.5	-	-	Sepulveda
nbp13702.001	Palmer Sta	-	-	-	5	17	0012	e	5	17	0412	64 46.0	64 02.5	-	-	Klinck
nbp13702.002	Whale obs	-	-	-	5	17	0847	s	5	17	1247	64 58.474	63 27.808	380	-	Glasgow
nbp13702.003	Sonobuoy	60	-	-	5	17	1052	s	5	17	1452	64 42.294	63 00.667	307	120	Sirovic
nbp13702.004	Sonobuoy	60	-	-	5	17	1434	e	5	17	1834	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13702.005	Whale obs	-	-	-	5	17	1555	e	5	17	1955	64 19.366	61 57.507	1045	-	Glasgow
nbp13802.001	XCTD	4	DN1	-	5	18	0325	s/e	5	18	0725	62 25.47	62 27.228	1605	1585	Klinck
nbp13802.002	XBT	61	DN2	-	5	18	0425	s/e	5	18	0825	62 15.874	62 31.271	2527	760	Klinck	T7 bad
nbp12380.003	XBT	62	DN2	-	5	18	0427	s/e	5	18	0827	62 15.381	62 31.415	2784	760	Klinck	T7
nbp13802.004	XBT	63	DN3	-	5	18	0522	s/e	5	18	0922	62 6.287	62 34.953	4774	-	Boyer	T5 bad
nbp13802.005	XBT	64	DN3	-	5	18	0525	s/e	5	18	0925	62 6.01	62 34.969	4756	1360	Boyer	T5
nbp13802.006	XBT	65	DN4	-	5	18	0616	s/e	5	18	1016	61 56.749	62 38.695	4219	760	Klinck	T7
nbp13802.007	XBT	66	DN5	-	5	18	0714	s/e	5	18	1114	61 46.593	62 42.457	3559	950	Klinck	T5
nbp13802.008	XBT	67	DN6	-	5	18	0815	s/e	5	18	1215	61 36.576	62 46.253	3454	760	Boyer	T7
nbp13802.009	XBT	68	DN7	-	5	18	0904	s/e	5	18	1304	61 27.288	62 49.451	3462	1800	Klinck	T5
nbp13802.010	XBT	69	DN8	-	5	18	1005	s/e	5	18	1405	61 16.619	62 53.334	3587	760	Klinck	T7
nbp13802.011	XBT	70	DN9	-	5	18	1100	s/e	5	18	1500	61 7.05	62 59.974	3521	800	Klinck	T5
nbp13802.012	XCTD	5	DN10	-	5	18	1157	s/e	5	18	1557	60 57.255	63 00.496	3229	1000	Klinck
nbp13802.013	XBT	71	DN11	-	5	18	1340	s/e	5	18	1740	60 47.453	63 20.691	3796	760	Sepulveda	T7
nbp13802.014	XBT	72	DN12	-	5	18	1429	s/e	5	18	1829	60 37.423	63 23.315	3727	-	Ashford	T5 BAD
nbp13802.015	XBT	73	DN12	-	5	18	1432	s/e	5	18	1832	60 37.423	63 23.315	3719	1000	Ashford	T5 BAD @ 1000
nbp13802.016	XBT	74	DN12	-	5	18	1438	s/e	5	18	1838	60 36.945	63 23.33	3678	1500	Ashford	T5 BAD @ 1500
nbp13802.017	XBT	75	DN13	-	5	18	1536	s/e	5	18	1936	60 27.964	63 26.412	3527	760	Sepulveda	T7
nbp13802.018	XBT	76	DN14	-	5	18	1636	s/e	5	18	2026	60 18.704	63 29.495	3791	1850	Ashford	T5
nbp13802.019	Sonobuoy	62	-	-	5	18	1520	s	5	18	1920	60 29.776	63 25.618	3559	120	Sirovic
nbp13802.020	Sonobuoy	62	-	-	5	18	1640	e	5	18	2040	-	-	-	-	Sirovic
nbp13802.021	XBT	77	DN15	-	5	18	1730	s/e	5	18	2130	60 08.467	63 32.922	3788	760	Sepulveda	T7
nbp13802.022	XBT	78	DN16	-	5	18	1825	s/e	5	18	2225	59 58.335	63 35.753	3790	-	Ashford	T5 Failed
nbp13802.023	XBT	79	DN16	-	5	18	1830	s/e	5	18	2230	59 58.335	63 35.753	3790	1850	Ashford	T5
nbp13802.024	XBT	80	DN17	-	5	18	1923	s/e	5	18	2323	59 48.607	63 39.067	3482	760	Ashford	T7
nbp13802.025	XBT	81	DN18	-	5	18	2016	s/e	5	19	0016	59 39.207	63 43.909	3564	1850	Sepulveda	T5
nbp13802.026	XBT	82	DN19	-	5	18	2122	s/e	5	19	0122	59 29.65	63 48.948	3600	760	Ashford	T7
nbp13802.027	XBT	83	DN20	-	5	18	2208	s/e	5	19	0208	59 19.942	63 50.878	4222	2000	Ashford	Deep XCTD
nbp14102.001	Arrival	-	-	-	5	21	0713	e	5	21	1113	53 10.212	70 54.396	-	-	Klinck

Appendix 2. Summary of CTD casts made during the third SO GLOBEC survey cruise, NBP02-02. C or F in the final column indicates that CMiPS or FRRF were attached during the cast.

Column labels in the appendix are event number, cast, consecutive station, grid location, latitude (deg S), longitude (degree W), total depth, cast depth, CMiPS or FRRF (MRC=MRCTD)

Appendix 3. Summary of water samples taken during the third SO GLOBEC survey cruise, NBP02-02. A label line precedes each group of water sample entries, including cast, consecutive station, date, time (GMT), latitude (degree S), longitude (degree W). For each bottle closing, values of depth (m), salinity (no units), temperature (deg C), dissolved oxygen (ml/l), PAR (microE/cm²), transmission (percent) and fluorescence (mg/l).

Appendix 4. Summary of salinity measurements during the third SO GLOBEC survey cruise, NBP02-02. The samples are identified by cast number and Niskin bottle. The depth at which the bottle was closed as well as the two CTD salinity measurement and the AutoSal measurements are provided. All replicate salinity measurements are included in the appendix.

CTD niskin depth S0 S1 autosal session sample CTD niskin depth S0 S1 autosal session sample

Appendix 5. Summary of oxygen titrations during the third SO GLOBEC survey cruise, NBP02-02. The samples are identified by cast number and niskin bottle. The oxygen flask number along with the titrated oxygen and the value provided by the oxygen sensor in ml/l.

Appendix 6. Summary of expendable probes used during the third SO GLOBEC survey cruise, NBP02-02. Expendable Bathythermographs (XBT) and expendable CTD (XCTD) are listed separately XBT’s first.

event number cast station latitude longitude cast depth event number cast station latitude longitude cast depth

Appendix 8. Summary of sightings during daytime survey effort within the SO GLOBEC study area during cruise NBP0103. Sightings of flying birds within the 300m transect and penguins and seals within the 600m transect are reported.

Appendix 9. Results from analysis of fourteen diet samples of Adelie Penguins from the Barcroft Islands taken on May 15, 2002. Samples are divided into digested contents not identifiable to taxa and fresh contents that are. Fresh contents are further divided into fish, amphipod, and krill components. Weight of each sample component and summary data for krill length from each Adelie Penguin sampled are presented in the appendix. Samples in which otoliths were found are also indicated.

Appendix 10. 1-m Ring Net Tow Information. Presence/absence of diatoms, amphipods, copepods, adult and larval krill from 1m² net tows down to approximately 60m in the water at 22 stations on the survey grid during SO GLOBEC 3. Presence is indicated with an “X” and absence by a “0.”

TOW	Stn	DATE (GMT)(EDT)		TIME (GMT)(EDT)		LAT S º Min		LON W º Min		DAT TAPE	ACOUSTICS FILENAME	BM DAY	ESS FILENAME	VIDEO TAPES CAM 2# CAM 4#		VPR FILENAME	VPR DAY	BS TR	COMMENTS
1	0	4/13	4/13	1340	940	64	8	68	55		1030956		B4130940						Test Tows and Noise Test
1	0	4/13	4/13	1405	1005	64	8	68	57		1030959
1	0	4/13	4/13	1530	1130									1	2	04131411.01			End Run
1	0	4/13	4/13	1534	1134	64	8	69	7		N1031134								Start Noise Run
1	0	4/13	4/13	1540	1140														End Noise Run
1	0	4/13	4/13	1543	1143	64	8.04	69	9.494		N1031142								Start Data Aquisition
1	0	4/13	4/13	1610	1215	64	8.08	69	11.818										Stop Xmit, Stop Files, End Tow 1


2	0	4/13	4/13	1730	2130	64	4.8	69	20.8				BM2Tst2						Test Tow for Flight
2	0	4/13	4/13	1823	2223	64	3.15	69	22.8		N1031802								103.766157 0-50m, End Tow 2


3	1	4/14	4/14	1147	747	65	39.879	70	40.325		None		B4140800			04141200.01		1	Deployment aborted, ground fault
3	1	4/14	4/14	1230	830	65	40.212	70	41.151										End Tow 3


4	2	4/14	4/14	1644	1244	65	49	70	20	3	B1041239	104	B4141242	3	4	04141648.01	103	1	Start Tow from St. 2
4	2-3	4/14	4/14	1721	1321					4	B1041320	104		3	4		103	1	HTI Spontaneous Restart
4	2-3	4/14	4/14	1846	1446	65	53	70	11	4	B1041448	104		5	6		103	1	Tape Change
4	2-3	4/14	4/14	2052	1652	65	57	69	54	5	B1041651	104		7	8		103	1	Tape Change
4	3	4/14	4/14	2150	1750	65	58.68	69	50	6	B1041651	104		7	8		103	1	At Station #3
4	3	4/14	4/14	2258	1858					6	B1041651	104		9	10		103	1	Tape Change
4	3-4	4/14	4/14	2328	1928	65	58.98	69	51.4	6	B1041924	104					103	1	Transit to 4, BM going down
4	3-4	4/15	4/14	24	2054	66	2.249	69	38.393	7	B1042054	104		11	12		104	1	Tape/File Change
4	3-4	4/15	4/14	255	2255	66	8.108	69	18.548	8	B1042255	105		13	14		104	1	Tape/File Change
4	4	4/15	4/15	423	23												104	1	End Tow 4

5	4-5	4/15	4/15	1025	625	66	7.49	69	6.37	9	B1050551	105	B4151650	15	16	04150953.01	104	1
5	4-5	4/15	4/15	1156	756					10	B1050754	105		17	18		104	1	Tape Change
5	4-5	4/15	4/15	1352	952	66	20.472	68	32.65	11	B1050952	105		19	20		104	1	Tape Change
5	5-6	4/15	4/15	1559	1159	66	23.733	68	23.91			105		21	22		104	1	VPR Tape Change
5	5-6	4/15	4/15	1632	1232	66	23.85	68	23.662	12	B1051225	105					104	1	Acoustics Tape Change
5	5-6	4/15	4/15	1703	1305	66	25	68	19.77	12	N1051258	105	B4151300	21	22	04151704.01	104	1	Tape Change
5	5-6	4/15	4/15	1800	1400	66	27.49	68	10.744	13	N1051354	105		23	24		104	1	Acoustis Tape 13 Start
5	6-7	4/15	4/15	2000	1600	68	29.89	68	2.23	14	B1051553	105		25	26		104	1-2	Tape Change
5	6-7	4/15	4/15	2158	1758	66	37.49	68	16.32	15	B1051752	105		27	28		104	1-2	Tape Change
5	6-7	4/15	4/15	2357	1957	66	45.181	68	31.272	16	B1051957	105		29	30		104	1-2	Tape Change
5	6-7	4/16	4/15	153	2153	66	49.064	68	28.202	17	B1052153	105		31	32		105	1-2	Tape Change
5	7-8	4/16	4/16	407	7	66	48.39	68	32.221	18	B1052357	105	B4152357	33	34	04160406.01	105	2	Start Going 7 to 8
5	7-8	4/16	4/16	600	200	66	42.6	68	50.3	19	B1060158	106		35	36		105	2	Start AC Tape #19
5	7-8	4/16	4/16	807	407	66	39.51	69	1.21	20	B1060402	106		37	38		105	2	Tape Change
5	7-8	4/16	4/16	1008	608	66	34.15	69	21.23	21	B1060602	106		39	40		105	2	Tape Change
5	8-9	4/16	4/16	1016	616	66	33.59	69	23.24			106	B4161017			04161018.01	105	2	BM Aquis. Froze, Restart
5	9	4/16	4/16	1207	807	66	28.77	69	39.099	22	B1060807	106		41	42		105	2	Tape Change
5	9	4/16	4/16	1413	1013	66	28.619	69	38.743	23	B1061013	106		43	44		105	2	Tape Change
5	9	4/16	4/16	1614	1214	66	28.309	69	40.916	24	B1061214	106		45	46		105	2	Tape Change
5	9-10	4/16	4/16	1816	1416	66	22.61	70	0.39	25	B1061414	106		47	48		105	2	Tape Change
5	9-10	4/16	4/16	2016	1616	66	16.84	70	19.67	26	B1061618	106		49	50		105	2	Tape Change
5	10-11	4/16	4/16	2148	1748	66	16.08	70	22.49			106					105	2	Transit to Station 11
5	10-11	4/16	4/16	2219	1819	66	14.84	70	27.04	27	B1061820	106		51	52		105	2	Tape Change
5	10-11	4/17	4/16	23	2023	66	9.173	70	47.308	28	B1062023	106		53	54		106	2	Tape Change
5	11	4/17	4/16	110	2110	66	6.892	70	54.472			106					106	2	End Tow 5

6	12-13	4/17	4/17	1459	1059	66	2.323	71	7.288	29	B1071059	107	B4171057	55	56	04171501.01	106	2-3	Start Tow 6
6	12-13	4/7	4/17	1659	1259	66	9.49	71	15.2	30	B1071259	107		57	58		106	2-3	Tape Change
6	12-13	4/17	4/17	1900	1500	66	19.08	71	20.94	31	B1071501	107	.	59	60		106	2-3	Tape Change
6	13-14	4/17	4/17	2104	1704					32	B1071704	107		61	62		106	3	Tape Change
6	13-14	4/17	4/17	2307	1907					33	B1071907	107		63	64		106	3	Tape Change
6	14	4/18	4/17	108	2108	66	31.556	70	59.737	34	B1072108	107		65	66		107	3	Tape Change
6	14-15	4/18	4/17	309	2309	66	35.206	70	53.458	35	B1072307	107		67	68		107	3	Tape Change
6	14-15	4/18	4/18	509	109	66	40.28	70	33.7	36	B1080109	107		69	70		107	3	Tape Change
6	14-15	4/18	4/18	710	310	66	45.62	70	13.08	37	B1080310	108		71	72		107	3	Tape Change
6	15	4/18	4/18	754	354	66	46	70	11			108					107	3	End Tow

7	17-18	4/19	4/18	123	2123	67	130405	69	23.883	38	B1082123	108	B4182121	73	74	04190123.01	108	3-4	Start Tow 7
7	17-18	4/19	4/18	327	2327	67	21.949	69	33.723	39	B1082327	108		75	76		108	3-4	Tape Change
7	18	4/19	4/19	530	130	67	29.16	69	32.496	40	B1090132	109		77	78		108	4	Tape Change
7	18-19	4/19	4/19	731	331	67	24.795	69	45.225	41	B1090331	109		79	80		108	4	Tape Change
7	18-19	4/19	4/19	935	535					42	B1090535	109		81	82		108	4	Tape Change
7	19	4/19	4/19	1138	738					43	B1090738	109		83	84		108	4	Tape Change
7	19-20	4/19	4/19	1340	940	67	9.82	70	23.629	44	B1090940	109		85	86		108	4	Tape Change
7	19-20	4/19	4/19	1541	1141	67	3.85	70	43.302	45	B1091141	109		87	88		108	4	Tape Change
7	20-21	4/19	4/19	1741	1341	67	1.372	70	50.81	46	B1091340	109		89	90		108	4	Tape Change
7	20-21	4/19	4/19	1942	1542	66	55.6	71	10.24	47	B1091542	109		91	92		108	4	Tape Change
7	21	4/19	4/19	2132	1732	66	50.104	71	27.709			109					108	4	End Tow #7

8	21-22	4/20	4/19	251	2251	66	47.876	71	35.652	48	B1092251	109	B4192249	93	94	04200252.01	109	4	Start Tow 8
8	21-22	4/20	4/20	504	104	66	42.283	71	57.569	49	B1100104	110		95	96		109	4	Tape Change
8	22	4/20	4/20	654	254	66	36.31	71	13.355			110					109	4	End Tow 8

9	22-23	4/20	4/20	1148	748	66	36.161	72	16.513	50	B1100748	110	B4200747	97	98	04201148.01	109		Start Tow #9
9	22-23	4/20	4/20	1203	803						B1100803	110					109	4-5	Sounder Transmit was off at startup
9	22-23	4/20	4/20	1350	950	66	39.745	72	38.362	51	B1100950	110		99	100		109	4-5	Tape Change
9	22-23	4/20	4/20	1508	1108	66	42.604	72	53.668		B1101108	110					109	4-5	Sounder Reboot Acoustics Crashed
9	22-23	4/20	4/20	1521	1121	66	43.187	72	55.895		B1101123	110	B4211121			0420152301	109	4-5	Full repower, ESS failed
9	22-23	4/20	4/20	1554	1154	66	43.631	73	1.997	52	B1101154	110		101	102		109	4-5	Tape Change
9	23	4/20	4/20	1713	1313	66	42.39	73	18.41			110					109	4-5	End Tow 9

10	23-24	4/21	4/20	126	2126	66	38.874	73	15.369	53	B1102126	110	B4202124	103	104	04210127.01	110	5	Start Tow 10
10	23-24	4/21	4/20	331	2331	66	45.656	72	59.286	54	B1102331	110		105	106		110	5	Tape Change
10	23-24	4/21	4/21	533	133	66	52.42	72	41.81	55	B1110132	111		107	108		110	5	Tape Change
10	24-25	4/21	4/21	734	334	66	56.51	72	36.03	56	B1110332	111		109	110		110	5	Tape Change
10	24-25	4/21	4/21	936	536	67	2.51	72	16.33	57	B1110538	111		111	112		110	5	Tape Change
10	25	4/21	4/21	1138	738	67	7.17	72	1.17	58	B1110740	111		113	114		110	5	Tape Change
10	25-26	4/21	4/21	1342	942	67	11.609	71	48.903	59	B1110942	111		115	116		110	5	Tape Change
10	25-26	4/21	4/21	1544	1144	67	16.952	71	29.141	60	B1111144	111		117	118		110	5	Tape Change
10	26	4/21	4/21	1744	1344	67	20.55	71	16.79	61	B1111344	111		119	120		110	5	Tape Change
10	26	4/21	4/21	1945	1545	67	25.452	71	0.841	62	B1111545	111		121	122		110	5	Tape Change
10	26-27	4/21	4/21	2149	1749	67	31.16	70	41.16	63	B1111749	111		123	124		110	5	Tape Change
10	27	4/21	4/21	2242	1842	67	33.39	70	33.3			111					110	5	On Sta. 27
10	27	4/21	4/21	2351	1952	67	33.05	70	39.29	64	B1111953	111		125	126		110	5	Tape Change
10	27	4/22	4/21	18	2018	67	33.002	70	34.232			111					111	5	End of Tow

11	29-30	4/22	4/22	1333	933	67	35.756	69	22.88	65	B1120929	112	B4210931	127	128	04221332.041	111	5	Sta 29 after retermination
11	29-30	4/22	4/22	1347	947						B1120947	112					111	5	Restart processing
11	29-30	4/22	4/22	1429	1029						B1121029	112					111	5	HTI auto restart UGH
11	29-30	4/22	4/22	1516	1116							112					111	5	Change start ESS to see if VPR Starts
11	29-30	4/22	4/22	1527	1129							112					111	5	Restart VPR
11	30	4/22	4/22	1635	1235	67	27.87	69	23.063			112					111	5	End Tow at Sta. 30

12	31	4/22	4/22	2001	1601	67	50.276	69	2.774	66	B1121606	112	B4211534	129	130	04222207.01	111	5	Start Tow 12
12	31-33	4/22	4/22	2138	1738	67	52.96	68	48.52	66	B1121736	112		129	X		111	5	Accidently turn off sonar reboot computer
12	31-33	4/22	4/22	2213	1813	67	55.566	68	48.58	67	B1121811	112		131	X		111	5	Tape Change
12	33	4/22	4/22	2340	1940	67	59.71	68	47.84			112					111	5	End Tow 12

13	34-35	4/23	4/23	812	412	67	56.56	68	28.23	68	B1130407	113	B42030408	133	134	04230809.01	112	5	Tape Change
13	35	4/23	4/23	954	554	67	54.53	68	11.29			113					112	5	On station w/ Gould
13	35	4/23	4/23	1015	618	67	54.57	68	11.35	69	B1130615	113		135	136		112	5	Tape Change
13	35	4/23	4/23	1300	900	67	51.71	67	58.89			113					112	5	Leaving Rendevous, to St. 36
13	35-36	4/23	4/23	1216	816					70	B1130818	113		137	138		112	5	Tape Change
13	35-36	4/23	4/23	1419	1019	67	53.173	67	44.847	71	B1131019	113		139	140		112	5	Tape Change
13	36	4/23	4/23	1442	1042	67	57.633	67	41.916			113					112	5	End Run to 36

14	37-38	4/23	4/23	2325	1925	68	11.19	68	12.35	72	B1131922	113	B4231919	141	142	04232323.01	112		start of Tow
14	37-38	4/24	4/23	125	2125	68	18.279	67	57.509	73	B1132125	113		143	144		113	5	Tape Change
14	37-38	4/24	4/23	328	2328	68	22.826	67	37.98	74	B1132328	113		145	146		113	5	Tape Change
14	38-39	4/24	4/24	530	130	68	28.25	67	29.28	75	B1140130	114		147	148		113	5	Tape Change
14	38-39	4/24	4/24	731	331	68	32.97	67	43.65	76	B1140331	114		149	150		113	5-6	Tape Change
14	38-39	4/24	4/24	935	535	68	40.59	67	59.07	77	B1140537	114		151	152		113	5-6	Tape Change
14	39	4/24	4/24	953	553	68	41.08	67	59.741			114					113	5-6	On Station
14	39-40	4/24	4/24	1132	732	68	38.55	68	6.93	78	B1140733	114		153	154		113	6	Tape Change
14	39-40	4/24	4/24	1335	935	68	32.282	68	27.1	79	B1140935	114		155	156		113	6	Tape Change
14	40	4/24	4/24	1540	1140	68	28.8	68	48.186			114					113	6	End Tow at Station 40
																		6
15	40-41	4/24	4/24	2021	1621	68	29.691	68	40.457	80	B1141627	114	B4241621	157	158	04242025.01	113		Start Tow 15
15	40-41	4/24	4/24	2232	1832	68	25.12	68	58.81	81	B1141832	114		159	160		113	6	Tape Change
15	40-41	4/25	4/24	33	2033	69	19.86	69	19.769	82	B1142033	114		161	162		114	6	Tape Change
15	41	4/25	4/24	158	2158	68	16.478	69	34.91			114					114	6	End Tow 15
																	114	6
16	41-42	4/25	4/25	154	534	68	13.3	69	42.44			115	B4250153				114		No Data Collected
16	41-42	4/25	4/25	159	559	68	13.13	69	47.83			115					114		Sonar Reverse Fault

17	43-44	4/25	4/25	1757	1357	67	46.537	71	10.452	83	B1151357	115	B4251400	163	164	04251800.01	114	6	Start Tow 17
17	43-44	4/25	4/25	1807	1407						B1151407	115					114	6	Test for Noise Source 43 only
17	43-44	4/25	4/25	1814	1414						B1151414	115					114	6	Test all *** off
17	43-44	4/25	4/25	1835	1435						B1151535	115					114	6	Transmitting all
17	44	4/25	4/25	2206	1806	67	37.46	71	52.7	85	B1150805	115		167	168		114	6	Tape Change
17	44-45	4/26	4/25	7	2007	67	37.388	71	51.454	86	B1152007	115		169	170		115	6	Tape Change
17	44-45	4/26	4/25	210	2210	67	31.367	72	10.872	87	B1152210	115		171	172		115	6	Tape Change
17	44-45	4/26	4/25	351	2351							115				04260351.01	115	6	VPR Computer Lock Up
17	44-45	4/26	4/26	410	10	67	25	72	32	88	B1160010	116		173	174		115	6	Tape Change
17	44-45	4/26	4/26	614	214	67	18	72	31		B1160214	116		175	176		115	6	Tape Change
17	45-46	4/26	4/26	1021	421	67	12.97	73	11.54	90	B1160418	116		177	178		115	6	Tape Change
17	46	4/26	4/26	930	530	67	8.6	73	21.7			116					115	6	On station 46
17	46	4/26	4/26	1024	624	67	6.84	73	13.71	91	B1160622	116		179	180		115	6
17	46	4/26	4/26	1225	825	67	8.938	73	20.081			116		181	182		115	6	Tape Change
17	46	4/26	4/26	1250	850	67	8.768	73	23.4			116					115	6	End of Tow at Station 46

18	46-47	4/26	4/26	1608	1208	67	7.6752	73	22.55	92	B1161211	116	B4261206	183	184	04261610.01	115		Start Tow
18	46-47	4/26	4/26	1811	1411	67	11.44	73	46.33	93	B1161411	116		185	186		115	6-7	Tape Change
18	46-47	4/26	4/26	2017	1607	67	14.84	74	11.54	94	B1161614	116		187	188		115	6-7	Tape Change
18	47	4/26	4/26	2157	1757	67	14.61	74	31.89			116					115	6-7	End Tow, Station 47

19	47-48	4/27	4/27	701	301	67	12	74	18	95	B1170301	117	B4270250	189	190	04270655.01	116	7	Start Tow to Station 48
19	47-48	4/27	4/27	900	500	67	19.17	74	7.43	96	B1170500	117		191	192		116	7	Tape Change
19	47-48	4/27	4/27	1102	702	67	25.87	74	50.82	97	B1170702	117		193	194		116	7	Tape Change
19	48	4/27	4/27	1141	741	67	28.57	73	49.35			117					116	7	On Station 48
19	48	4/27	4/27	1204	804						B1170804	117					116	7	Noise Test Receive Only
19	48	4/27	4/27	1221	821						B1170821	117					116	7	Noise Test
19	48	4/27	4/27	1228	828						B1170828	117					116	7	Back to Transmit and Receive
19	48-49	4/27	4/27	1305	905	67	28.433	73	45.268	98	B1170905	117		195	196		116	7	Tape Change
19	48-49	4/27	4/27	1507	1107					99	B1171107	117		197	198		116	7	Tape Change
19	49	4/27	4/27	1635	1235	67	40.9	73	11.6			117					116	7	End Tow 19

20	51	4/28	4/28	845	445	68	7.52	71	42.44	100	B1180505	118	B4280445	199	200	04280858.01	117	7	Start Tow 20
20	51-52	4/28	4/28	915	515	68	7.79	71	39.65			118					117	7	End Tow 20, No Acoustics

21	51-52	4/28	4/28	1218	818	68	15.276	71	9.947	101	B1180819	118	B4280818	201	202	04281220.01	117	7	Start Tow 21
21	52	4/28	4/28	1400	1000	68	20.396	70	57.25			118					117	7	End Tow 21

22	52-53	4/28	4/28	1515	1115	68	20.553	70	55.573	102	B1181115	118	B1031106	203	204	04281518.01	117	7	Start Tow 22
22	52-53	4/28	4/28	1719	1319	68	29.532	70	37.379	103	B1181318	118		205	206		117	7	Tape Change
22	53	4/28	4/28	1728	1328	68	29.07	70	37.74			118					117	7	End Tow 22

23	54-55	4/29	4/29	507	107	68	24.1	70	2.8	104	B1190107	119	B4290105	207	208	04290507.01	118	7	Start Tow 23
23	54-55	4/29	4/29	710	310	68	33.02	69	56.3	105	B1190310	119		209	210		118	7	Tape Change
23				723	323						B1190323	119					118	7	Passive Receive Test (200 m)
23				734	334						B1190334	119					118	7	Experimental Gain Change RCV Only
23				741	341						B1190341	119					118	7	Resume normal original settings
23	54-55	4/29	4/29	912	512	68	40.9	69	38.8	106	B1190513	119		211	212		118	7	Tape Change
23	54-55	4/29	4/29	1115	715	68	46.4	69	18.2	107	B1190716	119		213	214		118	7	Tape Change
23	54-55	4/29	4/29	1316	916	68	51.722	69	0.313	108	B1190916	119		215	216		118	7	Tape Change
23	55	4/29	4/29	1338	938	68	52.734	68	58.171			119					118	7	End Tow 23

24	55-56	4/29	4/29	1625	1225	68	53.3	68	59.3	109	B1191225	119	B4291225	217	218	04291624.01	118	7-8	Start Tow 24
24	55-56	4/29	4/29	1829	1429	69	0.43	69	5.08	110	B1191428	119		219	220		118	7-8	Tape Change
24	55-56	4/29	4/29	2033	1633	69	6.88	69	10.32	110	B1191633	119		221	222		118	7-8	Tape Change
24	56	4/29	4/29	2210	1810	69	9.31	69	12.72			119					118	7-8	End Tow

25	56-57	4/30	4/30	937	537	68	58.9	69	10.04	112	B1120534	120	B4300530	223	224	04300934.01	119	8	Start Tow 25
25	56-57	4/30	4/30	1133	733	69	0.063	69	25.084			120					119	8	End Tow 25 due to Ice

26	57-58	4/30	4/30	1817	1414	68	54.1	69	35.8	114	B1201417	120	B4301416	225	226	04301820.01	119	8	Start Tow 26
26	58	4/30	4/30	2000	1600	68	53	69	54.8			120					119	8	End Tow 26

27	58	5/1	4/30	325	2325	68	50.341	69	56.56	115	B1202332	120	B4302325	227	228	05010327.01	120	8	Start Tow 27
27	58-59	5/1	4/30	342	2342						B1202342	120					120	8	Acoustics Auto File Change
27	58-59	5/1	5/1	530	130	68	44.36	70	10.3	116	B1210130	121		229	230		120	8
27	59	5/1	5/1	651	251	68	43.2	70	22.6			121					120	8	End Tow 27

28	59	5/1	5/1	830	430	68	42.44	70	25.48	117	B1210426	121	B5010424	231	232	05010826.01	120	8	Start Tow 28
28	59-60	5/1	5/1	914	514						B1210513	121					120	8	New Acoustics File, C Drive Full
28	59-60	5/1	5/1	918	518						B1210517	121					120	8	Acoustics Program not Scanning
28	59-60	5/1	5/1	947	547	68	41.92	70	42.43		B1210547	121					120	8	Restart Acoustics
28	59-60	5/1	5/1	1034	634	68	42.93	70	48.51	118	B1210633	121		233	234		120	8	Tape Change
28	60	5/1	5/1	1208	808	68	45.709	71	3.661			121					120	8	End Tow 28

29	60	5/1	5/1	1340	940	68	44.91	71	6.102	119	B1210939	121	B5010937	235	236	05011341.01	120	8	Start Tow 29
29	60-61	5/1	5/1	1543	1143	68	39.68	71	10.092	120	B1211143	121		237	238		120	8	Tape Change
29	61	5/1	5/1	1610	1240	68	38.001	71	28.9			121					120	8	End Tow 29

30	61	5/1	5/1	1815	1415	68	36.2	71	34	121	B1211415	121	B5011414	239	240	05011816.01	120	8	Start Tow 30
30	61-62	5/1	5/1	2021	1621	68	30.36	71	54.63	122	B1211621	121		241	242		120	8	Tape Change
30	61-62	5/1	5/1	2222	1822	68	24.19	72	15.05	123	B1211823	121		243	244		120	8	Tape Change
30	62	5/1	5/1	2242	1842	68	24.02	72	17.96			121					120	8	End Tow 30

31	62	5/2	5/2	433	33	68	26.33	72	6.85	124	B1220029	122	B5020028	245	246	05020429.01	121	8	Start Tow 31
31	62-63	5/2	5/2	633	233	68	20.943	72	27.522	125	B1220232	122		247	248		121	8	Tape Change
31	62-63	5/2	5/2	837	437	68	14.53	72	46.97	126	B1220435	122		249	250		121	8	Tape Change
31	63	5/2	5/2	1000	600	68	10.76	73	3.02			122					121	8	End Tow 31

32	63	5/2	5/2	1144	744	68	9.61	73	7.21	127	B1220741	122	B5020738	251	252	05021142.01	121	8	Start Tow 32
32	63-64	5/2	5/2	1346	946	68	3.334	73	27.332	128	B1220946	122		253	254		121	8	Tape Change
32	64	5/2	5/2	1554	1154	67	57.366	73	47.24			122					121	8	End Tow 32

33	64	5/2	5/2	1731	1331	67	56.912	73	49.722	129	B1221328	122	B5021328	255	256	05021928.01	121	8	Start Tow 33
33	65	5/2	5/2	1827	1427	67	53.9	73	57.6			122					121	8	End Tow 33

34	65	5/2	5/2	2006	1606	67	53.4	74	0.7	130	B1221555	122	B5021556	257	258	05021956.01	121	8	Start Tow 34
34	66	5/2	5/2	2125	1725	67	49.94	74	12.64			122					121	8	End Tow 34

35	66	5/3	5/2	140	2140	67	50.266	74	12.88	131	B122152	122	B5022140	259	260	05030142.01	122	8	Start Tow 35
35	67	5/3	5/2	245	2245	67	46.961	71	19.792			122					122	8	Fly by station 67
35	67-68	5/3	5/2	349	2349	67	43.58	74	30.08	132	B1222349	122		261	262		122	8	Tape Change
35	68	5/3	5/3	421	21	67	41.84	74	35.34			123					122	8	End Tow 35

36	69	5/3	5/3	712	312	67	40.725	74	38.132	133	B1230310	123	B5030310	263	264	05030711.01	122	8	Start Tow 36
36	69-70	5/3	5/3	914	514	67	34.46	74	57.56	134	B1230514	123		265	266		122	8	Tape Change
36	70	5/3	5/3	1022	622	67	30.61	75	68.15			123					122	8	End Tow 36

37	70	5/3	5/3	1411	1011	67	31.974	75	8.306	135		123	B5031011	267	268	5031414.01	122	8-9	Start Tow 37
37	70-71	5/3	5/3	1427	1027	67	32.915	75	9.882		B1231027	123	B5031026			5031421.01	122	8-9	Total reboot for HTI
37	70-71	5/3	5/3	1621	1221	67	41.641	75	10.86	136	B1231221	123		269	270		122	8-9	Tape Change
37	70-71	5/3	5/3	1821	1421	67	50.49	75	2.88	137	B1231422	123		271	272		122	8-9	Tape Change
37	70-71	5/3	5/3	2027	1627	68	0.26	74	56.73	138	B1231626	123		273	274		122	8-9	Tape Change
37	71	5/3	4/3	2218	1818	68	6.095	74	47.77								122	8-9	End Tow 37

38	71	5/4	5/4	430	30	68	10	74	57	139	B1240030	124	B5040029	275	276	05040430.01	123	9	Start Tow 38
38	71-72	5/4	5/4	545	145	68	9.58	74	44.71		B1240147	124	B5040143	277	278	05040548.01	123	9	Restart, BM ESS Failed
38	71-72	5/4	5/4	600	200	69	9.68	74	41.51		B1240200	124	B5040159			05040600.01	123	9	Restart, BM ESS Failed
38	72	5/4	5/4	640	240	68	11.2	74	32.9			124					123	9	End Tow 38, ESS not working

39	72	5/4	5/4	1042	642	68	22.03	73	58.58	140	B1240643	124	B5040640	277	278	05041039.01	123	9	Start Tow 39
39	73	5/4	5/4	1236	836	68	27.12	73	40.96			124					123	9	End Tow 39

40	73	5/4	5/4	1820	1420					141	B1241923	124	B5041420	279	280	05041819.01	123	9	Start Tow 40
40	73-74	5/4	5/4	2025	1625	68	37.98	73	7.6	142	B1241624	124		281	282		123	9
40	74	5/4	5/4	2142	1742	68	40.91	72	55.22			124							End Tow 40

41	74-75	5/5	5/4	110	2110	68	41.245	72	52.56	143	B1242110	124	B5042108	283	284	05050113.01	124	9	Start Tow 41
41	74-75	5/5	5/4	313	2313	68	46.303	72	34.28	144	B1242313	124		285	286		124	9	Tape Change
41	74-75	5/5	5/5	515	115	68	50.3	72	17	145	B1250115	125		287	288		124	9	Tape Change
41	75	5/5	5/5	642	242	68	53.9	72	7.06			125					124	9	End Tow 41

42	75	5/5	5/5	815	415	68	55.4	72	9.9	146	B1250417	125	B5050415	289	290	05050817.01	124	9	Start Tow 42
42	75-6	5/5	5/5	1043	643	69	2.61	72	27.26	147	B1250643	125		291	292		124	9	Tape Change
42	75-76	5/5	5/5	1244	844	69	8.976	72	41.323	148	B1250844	125		293	294		124	9	Tape Change
42	76	5/5	5/5	1331	931	69	11.032	72	46.03			125					124	9	End Tow 42

43	76	5/5	5/5	1836	1436	69	9.7	72	45.4	149	B1251436	125	B5051436	295	296	05051837.01	124	10	Start Tow 43
43	76-77	5/5	5/5	2042	1642	69	4.5	72	5	150	B1251642	125		297	298		124	10	Tape Change
43	76-77	5/5	5/5	2106	1706						B1251705	125					124	10	Auto Reboot
43	76-77	5/5	5/5	2243	1843	69	0.2	72	22.2	151	B1251843	125		299	300		124	10	Tape Change
43	77	5/6	5/5	6	2006	68	57.34	73	33			125					125	10	End Tow 43

44	77	5/6	5/5	325	2325	68	57.188	73	31.68	152	B1252326	125	B5052325	301	302	05060328.01	125	10	Start Tow 44
44	77-78	5/6	5/6	529	129	68	51.7	73	50.3	153	B1260129	126		303	304		125	10	Tape Change
44	77-78	5/6	5/6	731	331	68	45.7	74	9.37	154	B1260330	126		305	306		125	10	Tape Change
44	78	5/6	5/6	830	430	68	43.69	74	18.58			126					125	10	End Tow 44

45	778-79	5/6	5/6	948	548	68	43.72	74	19.5	155	B1260548	126	B5060545	307	308	05060949.01	125	10	Start Tow 45
45	78-79	5/6	5/6	1155	755	68	36.68	74	40.4	156	B1260755	126		309	310		125	10	Tape Change
45	79	5/6	5/6	1405	1005	68	30.341	75	0.5226			126					125	10	End Tow 45

46	79	5/6	5/6	1524	1124	68	29.507	75	3.583	157	B1261126	126	B5061124	311	312	05061527.01	125	10	Start Tow 46
46	79-80	5/6	5/6	1733	1333	68	22.671	75	24.891	158	B1261332	126		313	314		125	10	Tape Change
46	80	5/6	5/6	1901	1501	68	17.6	75	39.3			126					125	10	End Tow 46

47	80	5/6	5/6	2230	1830	68	18.1	75	40.88	159	B1261832	126	B5061830	315	316	05062232.01	125	10-11	Start Tow 47
47	80-81	5/7	5/6	35	2035	68	25.771	75	56.999	160	B1262035	126		317	318		126	10-11	Tape Change
47	81	5/7	5/6	250	2250	68	32.988	76	18.2			126					126	10-11	End Tow 47

48	81	5/7	5/7	438	38	68	37.7	76	17.4	161	B1270038	127	B5070039	319	320	05070439.01	126	11	Start Tow 48
48	81-82	5/7	5/7	639	239						B1270239	127		321	322		126	11	Tape Change
48	81-82	5/7	5/7	752	352	68	43.9	75	45.9			127				0500752.01	126	11	GPS Hung up on DAC, Restarted
48	82	5/7	5/7	824	424	68	45.67	75	42.07			127					126	11	End Tow 48

49	82	5/7	5/7	1055	655	68	46.22	75	38.55	163	B1270657	127	B5070655	323	324	05071058.01	126	11	Start Tow 49
49	82-83	5/7	5/7	1302	902	68	53.009	75	18.16	164	B1270902	127		325	326		126	11	Tape Change
49	83	5/7	5/7	1505	1105	68	59.675	74	58.62			127					126	11	End Tow 49

50	83	5/7	5/7	1903	1503	69	1.3	74	58.1	165	B1271503	127	B5071504	327	328	05071905.01	126	11	Start Tow 50
50	83-84	5/7	5/7	2111	1711	69	5.97	74	37.91	166	B1271711	127		329	330		126	11	Tape Change
50	83-84	5/7	5/7	2317	1917	69	11.5	74	18.65	167	B1271918	127		331	332		126	11	Tape Change
50	84	5/8	5/7	0	2000	69	19	74	11.81			127					127	11	End Tow 50

51	84	5/8	5/8	417	17	69	14.6	74	12.6	168	B1280017	128	B5080017	333	334	05080420.01	127	11-12	Start Tow 51
51	84-85	5/8	5/8	620	220	69	23.1	74	20.49	169	B1280220	128		335	336		127	11-12	Tape Change
51	84-85	5/8	5/8	822	422	69	30.5	74	25.3	170	B1280422	128	B5080017	337	338		127	11-12	Tape Change
51	85	5/8	5/8	905	505	69	31.21	74	25.75			128

52	85	5/8	5/8	1539	1139	69	28.584	74	30.74	171	B1281146	128	B5081139	339	340	05080547.01	127	11-12	Start Tow 52
52	85-86	5/8	5/8	1752	1352						B1281352	128					127	11-12	Tape Change
52	86	5/8	5/8	1757	1357	69	24.4	74	49.6			128					127	11-12	End Tow 52

53	86	5/8	5/8	1923	1523	69	28.7	74	52.2	172	B1281523	128	B5081524	341	342	05081925.01	127	12	Start Tow 53
53	86-87	5/8	5/8	2130	1730	69	23.28	75	15.49	173	B1281730	128		343	344		127	12	Tape Change
53	86-87	5/8	5/8	2333	1933	69	16.93	75	31.56	174	B1281932	128		345	346		127	12	Tape Change
53	87	5/9	5/8	5	2005	69	16.04	75	36.37			128					128	12	End Tow 53

54	87	5/9	5/8	221	2221	69	15.006	75	39.386	175	B1282222	128	B5082220	347	348	05090224.01	128	12	Start Tow 54
54	87-88	5/9	5/8	246	2246						B1282246	128					128	12	Acoustics Crash, Reboot
54	87-88	5/9	5/9	430	30	69	9.536	75	58.375	176	B1290029	129		349	350		128	12	Tape Change
54	87-88	5/9	5/9	630	230	69	3.116	76	18.435	177	B1290231	129		351	352		128	12	Tape Change
54	88	5/9	5/9	650	250	69	1.99	76	21.12			129					128	12	End Tow 54

55	88	5/9	5/9	1110	710	68	59.75	76	23.15	178	B1290708	129	B5090705	353	354	05091108.01	128	12	Start Tow 55
55	88-89	5/9	5/9	1320	920	68	54.004	76	45.387	179	B1290920	129		355	356		128	12	Tape Change
55	89	5/9	5/9	1453	1053	68	49.13	76	59.6			129					128	12	End Tow 55

56	89	5/9	5/9	1850	1450	68	52.6	77	10.4	180	B1291446	129	B5091447	357	358	05091850.01	128	12-13	Start Tow 56
56	89-90	5/9	5/9	2058	1658	68	58.72	77	31.34	181	B1291657	129		359	360		128	12-13	Tape Change
56	90	5/9	5/9	2240	1840	69	2.95	77	46.49			129					128	12-13	End Tow 56

57	90	5/10	5/9	16	2016	69	2.65	77	45.619	182	B1292016	129	B5092015	361	362	05100017.01	129	13	Start Tow 57
57	90-91	5/10	5/9	218	2218	69	9.169	77	27.903	183	B1292218	129		363	364		129	13	Tape Change
57	90-91	5/10	5/9	421	21	69	15.55	77	8.232	184	B1300020	129		365	366		129	13	Tape Change
57	90-91	5/10	5/10	425	25	69	15.9	77	7.2		B1300025	130					129	13	Restart File
57	91	5/10	5/10	445	45	69	16.84	77	4.86			130					129	13	End Tow

58	91	5/10	5/10	611	211	69	17.2	77	2.8	185	B1300211	130	B5100213	367	368	05100613.01	129	13	Start Tow 58
58	91-92	5/10	5/10	817	417					186	B1300415	130		369	370		129	13	Tape Change
58	91-92	5/10	5/10	1017	617	69	29.07	76	26.26	187	B1300617	130		371	372		129	13	Tape Change
58	92	5/10	5/10	1125	725	69	31.97	76	19.12			130					129	13	End Tow 58

		END GRID

59	51	5/11	5/11	2053	1653	68	7	71	42.75	188	B1311653	131	B5111653	373	374	05112055.01	130	7	Start Tow 59
59	51-50	5/11	5/11	2258	1858	68	1.57	72	2.89	189	B1311858	131		375	376		130	7	Tape Change
59	51-50	5/12	5/11	59	2059	67	55.54	72	22.23	190	B1312059	131		377	378		131	7	Tape Change
59	50	5/12	5/11	132	2152	67	54.3	72	27									7	End Tow 59

60	43	5/12	5/12	712	312	67	51.6	71	4.3	191	B1320312	132	B5120311	379	380	05120715.01	131	6	Start Tow 60
60	43-41	5/12	5/12	928	528	67	58.22	70	42.34	192	B1320528	132		381	382		131	6	Tape Change
60	43-41	5/12	5/12	1133	733	67	5.17	70	18	193	B1320731	132		383	384		131	6	Tape Change
60	43-41	5/12	5/12	1333	933	68	10.255	69	59.975	194	B1320933	132		385	386		131	6	Tape Change
60	41	5/12	5/12	1600	1200	68	14.53	69	34.3			132					131		End Tow 60

61	28	5/13	5/13	416	16	67	45	69	49.3	195	B1330016	133	B5130015	387	388	05130420.01	132	5	Start Tow 61
61	28-27	5/13	5/13	620	220	67	38.8	70	8.52	196	B1330219	133		389	390		132	5	Tape Change
61	28-27	5/13	5/13	819	419	67	32.71	70	28.71	197	B1330419	133		391	392		132	5	Tape Change
61	27	5/13	5/13	845	445	67	31.33	70	34.33			133					132	5	End Tow 61

62	10	5/14	5/14	958	558	66	16.4	70	22.13	198	B1340612	134	B5140558	393	394	05141006.01	133	2	Start Tow 62
62	10/8	5/14	5/14	1207	807	66	22.889	70	2.372	199	B1340807	134		395	396		133	2	Tape Change
62	10/8	5/14	5/14	1408	1008	66	29.139	69	41.514	200	B1341008	134		397	398		133	2	Tape Change
62	10/8	5/14	5/14	1611	1211	66	35.29	69	20.996	201	B1341210	134		399	400		133	2	Tape Change
62	10/8	5/14	5/14	1813	1413	66	40.324	69	0.81	202	B1341413	134		401	402		133	2	Tape Change
62	8	5/14	5/14	1830	1430	66	10.9	68	54.2			134					133	2	End Tow 62

63	6	5/14	5/14	2158	1758	66	28.9	68	2.69	203	B1341759	134	B5141758	403	404	05142250.01	133		Start Tow 63 to Crystal Sound
63	6-Crys	5/14	5/14	2233	1833	66	29.17	67	56.49		B1341824	134					133		Restart Acoustics Computer
63	6-Crys	5/15	5/14	4	2004	67	38.779	66	31.363	204	B1342004	134		405	406		134		Tape Change
63	6-Crys	5/15	5/14	207	2207	67	26.098	66	38.399	205	No new file	134		407	408		134		Tape Change
63	Crys	5/15	5/14	238	2238	67	25.93	66	40.094			134					134		End Tow 63

64	CS3	5/15	5/15	1706	1306	66	28.8	67	2.63	206	B1351323		B5151314						Start Tow 64 - Calibration
											B1351325
											B1351330
											B1351353
											B1351359
											B1351402
											B1351406
											B1351419
											B1351436
											B1351446
											B1351459
											B1351508
											B1351523
											B1351542
											B1351558
											B1351606
64	CS3	5/15	5/15	1615	2015	66	28.9	67	2.36										End Tow 64

Date	Nearest Cons St #	Lat	Lon	Sample	Ice Type	Samples Collected
4/23/02	037	-68.183	-68.240	Ice1	pancake	chl, CHN, DIN, 2xPP
4/24/02	040	-68.480	-68.804	Ice2	slush	chl, CHN, 2xPP
4/29/02	055	-68.885	-68.976	Ice3A	Core: 0-83cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
4/29/02	055	-68.885	-68.976	Ice3B	Core: 83-233cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
4/30/02	057	-68.998	-69.429	Ice4A	Core: 0-126cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
4/30/02	057	-68.998	-69.429	Ice4B	Core: 126-207cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
4/30/02	057	-68.998	-69.429	Ice4C	Core: 207-293cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
4/30/02	057	-68.998	-69.429	Ice4S	slush/brine	chl, CHN, DIN, salt, 1xPP
5/1/02	059	-68.694	-70.462	Ice5	slush	chl, CHN, 2xPP
5/5/02	076	-69.171	-72.754	Ice6A	Core: 0-79cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/5/02	076	-69.171	-72.754	Ice6B	Core: 79-96cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 2xPP
5/5/02	076	-69.171	-72.754	Ice6C	Core: 96-185cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/5/02	076	-69.171	-72.754	Ice6S	slush/brine	Chl, chn, DIN, salt, 1xPP
5/6/02	078	-68.727	-74.309	Ice7	slush	chl, CHN, DIN, salt, 1xPP
5/8/02	084	-69.233	-74.196	Ice8	pancake	chl, chn, 1xPP
5/8/02	085	-69.549	-74.431	Ice9A	Core: 0-92cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/8/02	085	-69.549	-74.431	Ice9B	Core: 92-167cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/8/02	085	-69.549	-74.431	Ice9C	Core: 167-205cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/8/02	085	-69.549	-74.431	Ice9D	Core: 205-257cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/8/02	085	-69.549	-74.431	Ice9S	slush/brine	chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10A	Core1: 0-41cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10B	Core1: 41-94cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10C	Core1: 94-146cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10D	Core2: 0-149cm	SD, IT, chl, CHN, 1xPP
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10S	slush/brine	chl, CHN, DIN, salt, 2xPP
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10E	Core3: 0-14cm	DIN, salt
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10F	Core3: 14-41cm	DIN, salt
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10G	Core3: 41-86cm	DIN, salt
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10H	Core3: 86-109cm	DIN, salt
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10I	Core3: 109-127cm	DIN, salt
5/10/02	092	-69.530	-76.323	Ice10J	Core3: 127-146cm	DIN, salt

Date	Sunrise	Sunset	Dec. Hours	μE/cm²
4/14	11:32	21:45	10.22	256.70
4/15	11:35	21:27	9.87	160.83
4/16	11:46	21:37	9.85	289.22
4/17	11:47	21:33	9.77	223.01
4/18	11:53	21:30	9.62	253.48
4/19	11:55	21:28	9.55	154.72
4/20	11:57	21:33	9.60	318.51
4/21	12:18	21:13	8.92	74.57
4/22	11:58	21:18	9.33	276.75
4/23	11:54	21:02	9.13	363.76
4/24	12:15	20:50	8.58	141.10
4/25	12:24	21:09	8.75	197.80
4/26	12:40	21:22	8.70	166.96
4/27	12:41	20:58	8.28	126.38
4/28	12:49	20:25	7.60	30.82
4/29	12:27	20:39	8.20	160.43
4/30	12:35	20:37	8.03	169.28
5/1	12:54	20:37	7.72	66.16
5/2	13:02	20:47	7.75	74.31
5/3	13:00	20:47	7.78	107.89
5/4	13:07	20:34	7.45	51.41
5/5	13:12	20:28	7.27	63.72
5/6	13:14	20:44	7.50	122.57
5/7	13:41	20:22	6.68	43.36
5/8	13:28	20:26	6.97	75.95
5/9	13:34	20:36	7.03	92.67
5/10	13:45	20:22	6.62	71.51
5/11	13:26	20:13	6.78	92.23

ROV Station Latitude Longitude
1	56	69 deg. 09.56	69 deg. 14.02
2	58	68 deg. 53.26	69 deg. 55.92
3	76	69 deg. 11.17	72 deg. 46.38
4	85	69 deg. 32.58	74 deg. 25.43
5	88	69 deg. 00.62	76 deg. 21.88
6	92	69 deg. 31.79	76 deg. 48.49
7	28	67 deg. 45.90	69 deg. 48.49
8	CS1	66 deg. 31.18	67 deg. 40.67

Date	Station	Task	Animal	<L> (mm)	g	h
4-16-2002		shipboard	E. superba	50.9	1.026	-
4-17-2002	12	APOP cast 3	E. superba	51.9	1.029	1.024
4-19-2002	21	APOP cast 4	E. superba	26.9	1.007	1.018
4-23-2002		shipboard	Pleuragramma antarticum	60-70	1.018	1.017
4-23-2002		shipboard	Pleuragramma antarticum	69	1.007	1.013
4-23-2002		shipboard	Eusirus sp.	47.9	-	1.096
4-23-2002	36	APOP cast 5	E. superba	43.2	1.027	1.022
4-24-2002		shipboard	Eusirus sp.	47.9	1.051	1.038
4-24-2002	41	APOP cast 6	E. superba	50.4	1.026	1.037
4-25-2002		shipboard	Mysid arctomysis	50.4	1.041	1.077
4-26-2002		shipboard	Mysid arctomysis	48.3	1.024	1.078
4-26-2002		shipboard	E. superba	36.6	1.027	1.048
4-27-2002	47	APOP cast 7	E. superba	34.9	1.027	1.020
4-28-2002		shipboard	Parathemisto sp.	19.2	1.042	0.949
4-28-2002	54	APOP cast 8	E. superba	52.7	1.026	1.040
4-29-2002		shipboard	E. superba	25.4	1.023	1.032
4-29-2002	55-56	APOP cast 9	E. crystallorophias	32.3	1.009	1.025
5-01-2002		shipboard	E. superba	50.5	1.036	1.039
5-01-2002	62	APOP cast 10	E. superba	50.5	1.036	1.044
5-02-2002		shipboard	Calanus sp.	4.1	0.995	0.959
5-02-2002	66	APOP cast 11	Calanus sp.	4.1	0.995	0.949
5-03-2002		shipboard	E. crystallorophias	31.7	1.000	1.026
5-03-2002	71	APOP cast 12	E. crystallorophias	31.7	1.000	1.030
5-04-2002		shipboard	E. superba	34.3	-	1.021
5-04-2002	74	APOP cast 13	E. superba	34.3	-	1.020
5-05-2002		shipboard	E. superba	28.1	1.022	1.028
5-05-2002	77	APOP cast 14	E. superba	28.1	1.022	1.024
5-07-2002		shipboard	Calanus sp.	3.2	0.996	1.012
5-07-2002	84	APOP cast 15	Calanus sp.	3.2	0.996	1.023
5-15-2002	Crystal Sound	shipboard	E. superba	27.1	1.017	1.034
5-15-2002	Crystal Sound	APOP cast 17	E. superba	27.1	1.017	1.030

Species (common name)	Species (scientific name)	Number observed
Snow Petrel	Pagodroma nivea	695
Cape Petrel ('Pintado Petrel')	Daption capense	628
Southern Fulmar	Fulmarus glacialoides	509
Antarctic Petrel	Thalassoica antarctica	343
Kelp Gull	Larus dominicanus	99
Blue Petrel	Halobaena caerulea	95
Southern Giant Petrel	Macronectes giganteus	65
Adelie Penguin	Pygoscelis adeliae	49
Wilsons Storm-petrel	Oceanites oceanicus	43
Grey-headed Albatross	Diomedea chrysostoma	28
Unidentified Prion	Pachyptila spp.	16
Blue-eyed Shag	Phalacrocorax atriceps	13
Unidentified Skua	Catharacta spp.	10
Antarctic Tern	Sterna vittata	3
Sooty Shearwater	Puffinus griseus	1
Emperor Penguin	Aptenodytes forsteri	1
Crabeater Seal	Lobodon carcinophagus	210

Cast #	Date	Station #	Cast Depth (m)	Catch
1	4-15-2002	4	300	diatoms
2	4-15-2002	7	100	a few adult and juvenile krill
3	4-15-2002	7	100	more than 30 adult and 70 juvenile krill
4	4-17-2002	11	400	diatoms
5	4-18-2002	17	350	a few juvenile krill
6	4-22-2002	29	165	a dozen adult and a number of juvenile krill
7	4-22-2002	34	150	about 10 adult and a few juvenile krill
8	4-25-2002	44	60	diatoms, copepods
9	4-27-2002	50	360	more than 100 amphipods and thousands of copepods
10	5-07-2002	82	435	lots of copepods, a few juvenile krill
11	5-09-2002	41	375	copepods
12	5-15-2002		100	more than 200 juvenile, sub-adult, and adult krill

Sample	Body weight (g)	Sex (M/F)	Digested sample (g)	Fresh Sample (g)	Fish (g)	Amphipods (g)	Krill - Euphausia superba (g)	Krill Length (avg, mm)	Krill Length (SD, mm)	Otolith?
1	4900	M	9.2	101.7	0.0	3.8	97.9	43.6	5.3	Yes
2	4850	M	0.0	104.4	0.0	0.0	104.4	40.2	6.0	No
3	5100	M	0.0	117.6	36.2	0.0	81.4	44.9	4.4	Yes
4	4600	F	49.7	75.4	5.4	5.0	65.0	41.7	7.9	No
5	4900	M	42.8	112.6	0.0	22.4	90.2	37.4	6.5	No
6	4600	M	35.1	78.8	3.0	16.8	59.0	42.6	5.8	Yes
7	4700	F	19.0	155.0	18.1	38.0	98.9	43.7	7.4	Yes
8	4100	F	0.0	147.5	0.0	3.5	144.0	44.2	7.5	No
9	4300	F	43.4	23.6	0.0	5.4	18.2	36.0	13.9	No
10	4100	F	21.4	56.8	0.0	19.3	37.5	43.8	8.1	No
11	6200	M	0.0	157.8	0.0	45.2	112.6	40.4	5.7	No
12	6500	M	84.5	50.5	0.0	27.3	23.2	40.5	9.3	No
13	5000	M	6.5	32.8	3.2	3.3	26.3	47.4	3.5	No
14	4400	F	23.1	39.2	4.1	2.8	32.3	44.1	6.8	Yes
Average	4875	-	23.9	89.6	5.0	13.8	70.8	42.2	-	-

Tow	Consecutive Station	Diatoms	Amphipods	Copepods	Adult Krill (Euphausia superba)	Larval Krill (Euphausia Superba)
1	3	X	X	0	0	X
2	7	0	0	0	X	X
3	14	X	X	X	0	X
4	19	X	X	X	0	X
5	22	X	X	0	0	0
6	27	X	X	X	0	X
7	29	X	X	X	0	0
8	33	0	0	X	0	X
9	37	0	0	0	X	X
10	44	X	X	X	0	X
11	46	X	X	0	0	0
12	48	X	0	0	0	0
13	60	0	0	X	X	0
14	63	0	X	X	0	0
15	66	X	X	0	0	0
16	70	X	X	X	0	X
17	74	0	0	X	0	X
18	77	0	X	X	0	X
19	80	X	X	X	0	X
20	82	X	0	X	0	X
21	87	0	0	X	X	0
22	90	0	0	X	X	0

LATITUDE S	LONGITUDE W	SPECIES CODE	SPECIES scientific	SPECIES common	GROUP SIZE BEST	WHOLE SURVEY SIGHTING #
53.07.30	70.50.59	15	unidentified dolphin	unidentified dolphin	3	1
52.38.01	69.51.85	58	cephalorhynchus commersonii	Commerson's dolphin	1	2
60.34.43	65.11.90	15	unidentified dolphin	unidentified dolphin	1	3
64.08.27	69.14.53	67	unidentified large whale	unidentified large whale	1	4
65.52.83	70.11.52	76	unidentified small cetacean	unidentified small cetacean	1	5
66.18.94	68.39.03	76	unidentified small cetacean	unidentified small cetacean	1	6
66.14.09	71.18.06	94	like Baleanoptera musculus musculus	like blue whale (true)	1	7
66.57.30	69.32.33	92	like Balaenoptera acutorostrata	like minke whale	1	8
67.00.69	69.21.51	60	like Balaenoptera borealis	like sei whale	3	9
67.10.12	70.22.65	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	10
67.03.01	70.45.30	91	undetermined Balaenoptera acutorostrata	undetermined minke whale	2	11
67.00.92	70.52.42	73	unidentified baleen whale	unidentified baleen whale	3	12
67.00.08	70.55.25	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	3	13
66.56.62	71.06.69	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	4	14
66.55.23	71.11.56	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	2	15
66.53.06	71.19.03	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	5	16
66.43.77	73.00.33	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	2	17
66.69.76	73.35.20	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	5	18
67.50.53	71.07.31	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	1	19
67.52.87	72.32.23	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	4	20
68.29.34	70.37.73	9	Unidentified whale	unidentified whale	3	21
68.54.09	69.41.26	10	Orcinus orca	killer whale	4	22
68.00.66	73.35.25	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	1	23
68.32.10	73.29.64	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	1	24
68.36.42	73.12.74	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	4	25
68.37.03	73.10.78	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	26
68.37.29	73.09.91	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	27
68.37.56	73.09.06	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	1	28
68.29.43	75.02.44	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	3	29
68.28.54	75.07.24	63	unidentified small whale	unidentified small whale	1	30
68.28.54	75.07.24	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	1	31
68.26.17	75.13.21	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	2	32
68.25.19	75.15.84	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	3	33
68.22.23	75.25.93	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	3	34
68.21.48	75.28.19	64	unidentified large baleen whale	unidentified large baleen whale	1	35
68.19.78	75.33.09	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	1	36
68.17.35	75.40.34	71	like Megaptera noveangliae	like humpback whale	3	37
69.15.575	75.38.431	92	like Balaenoptera acutorostrata	like minke whale	1	38
68.52.62	76.49.37	92	like Balaenoptera acutorostrata	like minke whale	1	39
68.53.32	77.12.53	91	undetermined Balaenoptera acutorostrata	undetermined minke whale	2	40
68.52.54	72.50.87	9	Unidentified whale	unidentified whale	1	41
68.18.11	71.51.64	91	undetermined Balaenoptera acutorostrata	undetermined minke whale	1	42
68.13.22	69.48.69	10	Orcinus orca	killer whale	3	43
67.12.34	70.16.44	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	1	44
66.29.78	69.39.80	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	45
66.31.18	67.40.69	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	46
64.53.58	64.41.70	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	47
64.43.75	63.04.21	91	undetermined Balaenoptera acutorostrata	undetermined minke whale	1	48
64.42.26	64.00.57	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	1	49
64.37.78	62.51.48	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	2	50
64.33.52	62.33.42	91	undetermined Balaenoptera acutorostrata	undetermined minke whale	1	51
64.32.59	62.30.33	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	3	52
64.32.40	62.27.40	71	Like Megaptera novaeangliae	like humpback whale	3	53
64.29.47	62.16.07	7	Megaptera novaeangliae	humpback whale	3	54
TOTALS					112	54