Table 1. Time-Scale Relationships Among Physical and Biological Processes in the CCS, Emphasizing Mesoscale Processes

Frequency	Physical Events	Biological Responses
Annual	Alongshore jet formation/dissipation; high-low cycle in mesoscale activity.	Phenological responses (ontogenetic migrations, diapause, spawning migrations, selection of spawning timing, large scale horizontal migrations).
Semi-seasonal	Filament formation, extension, decay; eddy persistence.	Production and stock responses in zooplankton and small nekton (through spawning and growth variations); food storage, use of stored nutriment.
Weeks	Rotation period within features; feature translation alongshore.	"Vulnerability scale" - changes in life-stage maturation, reproductive activity. (Vulnerability to predators varies sharply with size, stage, and related escape capability. It may either decrease or increase with developmental progress).
Days	Weather, upwelling-downwelling cycle.	Production and stock responses in phytoplankton and microzooplankton; some mesoscale migratory responses?
Diel	Illumination cycle; local heating and cooling; convective turbulence cycling.	Daily vertical migrations; daily activity cycles including feeding, metabolism, mating, molting, etc.
Short Scales	Surface waves; internal waves; light flicker (hours to msec); cloud shifts; turbulent rotations in all axes.	Feeding bout cycling; swimming search patterns; near-field collision and predator avoidance; body orientation.