Wiebe's hand-written notes from MOCNESS ship log book regarding tapes, etc.                                                         8/8/03 NJC

*AT85	Oct. 1974	MOC 1-8?
CH125	Aug. 1974	MOC 1-22	(cold core ring cruise)
KN53	Nov. 1975	MOC 23-43	(cold core ring cruise)
KN62	Dec. 1976	MOC 44-58	(cold core ring cruise)
KN65  	April 1977	MOC 59-76	(cold core ring cruise)
EN11	July 1977	MOC 77-95	(cold core ring cruise)
KN71	Nov. 1977	MOC 96-118	(cold core ring cruise)
*AT110	Sept/Oct. 1981	MOC 139-147	(warm core ring cruise)

* add log notes

Ship speed ~2 knots for all tows
Both 1/4" and 9-track tape-recorded most tows.
Mesh opening of nets = 333 microns

CH125 Aug. 1975

M1	Sargasso Sea to 200m, night.  Station 2. Aug. 4, 1975.  Tow ok.  All angles are high by 8 degrees and volumes could be low by 15%.  Net 1 sampled between 100 and 195m a bit extra due to level wind problem on GEOSECS winch: 2035 wire paid out to get level wind fixed: 191m down to 194m coming in slowly: only paid out for 1 minute or so.  2037: stopped again at 194-195m. 2037: coming in again.  Net 2 fired ok.  Net 3 fired ok.  2055: wire coming in at 10m/min.  For most of tow, wire in at 10m/min.  Note: net 8 fill of radiolarian colonies.  

M2	Sargasso Sea to 800m, night.  Station 2. Aug. 4, 1975.  Tow ok.  All angles are high by 8 degrees and volumes could be low by 15%.  Net 0 sent down to 955 (1600 meters wire out) then held there until angle and depth stabilized.  Tape recorder #9984 turned on at 2323 with net 2 open.  We forgot to turn it on at bottom of tow.  Note: every time we push net command, angle changes dramatically by increasing also net response is not working and hasn't since beginning of tow (as net 4 opens).
	Tow was successful - all 9 nets were successfully opened and closed at the right depths.  The net response indicator was tripped 8 times while shooting the net at ~50m/min while steaming between 1.2-1.6 knots.  During shooting, MOCNESS angle was ~18 deg.  We paid out 1600 m wire and then speeded ship up to 1.9-2.0 kts and then let net which sank to 950+ m fly up to 800m.  At 800m, net 1 was opened.
	Net response failed to work for entire hauling sequence.  However, we could see when a net was tripped by a radical momentary increase in the frame angle.  Flow far each net will have to be calculated by difference but estimates should be as good as if the net response had worked properly.
	On this tow, we had planned to start the tape recorder at the time when net 1 was opened but we forgot and Polloni discovered our mistake during the time net 2 was opened.  This set of samples was beautiful.

M3	Sargasso Sea to 200m, day.  Station 2.  Aug. 5, 1975.  All angles are high by 8 degrees and volumes could be low by 15%.  We got net responses while shooting the net wire angle dropped off to 30 before I had ship speed up to 2.0 kts. Start haul coming n at 10m/min.  Net 1 response: net 2 response: net 3 response - got good net response until net 8 (top net - no response).  Also got spurious responses (13, 14, 15) between nets 7 & 8 (angle dropped to 38 deg about this time).  Note: snap hook holding bottom of net 6 and top of net 5 broke off.  Nets had reasonable collections but catches shouldn't be considered quantitative.  No apparent reason for snap hook failure. [see M4 note]

M4	Sargasso Sea to 800m, day. Station 2.  Aug. 5, 1975.  All angles are high by 8 degrees and volumes could be low by 15%.  Net 5 response in shooting net right at surface.  Ship's speed too slow!  2 more responses at 175m.  We had a hard time getting the net at depth of 800m.  Note: the angle of the CTD sensor was corrected after this tow.  It was 53 deg. rather than 45 deg.
	1700: This is probably the best MOCNESS haul to date.  Wire was brought in at 35m/min and nets fished each depth interval very uniformly.  There were no major screw ups except that the net response indicator still is being tripped by the nets' sides in shooting and right at the surface at the end of the haul.
	In shooting, the problem appears to be that the net is moving through the water too slowly.  I.e. at 1.5 to 2.0 kts and 50m/min pay-out.  The net is moving forward about 46.5-41=5.5m/min or 62-41=21 m/min whish is 1/2 to 1 kt - far too slow.  The solution is to shoot the net with the ship moving ahead at 3 kts at 50m/min to give a net speed of 1.5 kts.
	2100: Must now way that this was not best tow.  Net 4 was ripped almost all the way across the top and the snap hook holding bottom of net 4 and top of net 3 on net release indicator side broke off.  Snap hook was caught between nets.  Did it happen at the surface?? Catch for both nets 3 and 4 looked ok.  We modified the net response indicator.

M5	Ring station to 800m, night.  Station 3.  Aug. 7, 1975.  First start at 1956 but flow meter hung up.  Brought net up and fixed flowmeter.  Second start down at 2010.  On this tow we started net going down ~15m/min and ship speed ~2.5 kts.  When net was at 70m depth, sped ship up to 3.0 kts and paid out at 50m/min.  Once wire was at ....(angle probably off by 8 deg).  Tape change at 2149.  No net response on nets 6 or 7.
	[Did not get data transferred from 9-track tapes: njc 3/1/04]

M6	Ring station to 200m, night.  Station 3.  Aug. 7, 1975.  Good set.  No net responses.  Down at 35m/min, in at 15m/min.

M7	Ring station to 200m, day.  Station 3.  Aug. 8, 1975.  We got two net responses when we first started net down, so we brought net back up to the surface to check it.  Net responses were spurious, no bars released, so we sent the nets back down (500 mwo).

M8	Ring station to 800m, night.  Station 3.  Aug. 8, 1975.  From 540-640 meters, angle dropped off to ~18 deg. for no apparent reason.  Flow also dropped.  (Bad tow.)  All nets closed before got to surface.  Net response also did not work.  Not sure can get much out of samples.  
	Morning after examination showed that the top of net 0 had broken loose (another snap ring failed).  This probably explains why sudden angle change to 18 deg. occurred while shooting the net.  Check of net response indicator showed nothing wrong with reed switch and apparently nothing wrong with the wire and connectors.  One of the male EO plugs was corroded and this may possibly have caused a bad connection in the pressure case bulk head connector. 
	Spent day of 9 Aug. refitting net bars and upgrading electrical cables.  Main wires from CTD to conductivity cable were not up to par, too much resistance.  This was probably responsible for varying strength of signal received at computer.
*Note Sept. 4, 1975: We found that net 1 closed and net 2 opened at about 755m depth without a command from the surface.  This explains problem with nets all being closed at the surface.  Samples probably all ok except 100m to surface was not sampled on this tow.

M9	Ring station, night.  Station 3.  Aug. 9, 1975.  Tow no good.  I turned computer on for this one (first time).  Motor drive did not work.  Aborted tow after trying 2 nets.  Reset on deck, tested, and sent down attain for MOC#10.  Single oblique sample prescued (sic?).

M10	Ring station to 200m, night.  Station 3.  Aug. 9, 1975.  Note time on print out is 1100 instead of 2300.  Beautiful tow.  No failures apparent at end.  [Very little data recovered from 9-track tape: njc, 3/1/04]

M11	Ring station to 800m, day.  Station 3.  Aug. 10, 1975.  Started 1/4" tape at 8362-8, then turn off.  0932: start tape again.  Had some trouble with computer print out.  Lost net volume for net 4.  Tow excellent in all other respects.  Pressure offset = 4.0m on surface coming up.  Usually 6.0 going down.  Sample from net #1 lost - bucket fell off.
[poor retrieval from 9-track, very little data: njc, 3/1/2004]

M12	Sargasso Sea to 200m, day.  Station 4.  Aug. 11, 1975.  11 August.  Tape on at 905,48, reading 0000),  Down to 240 m with net 0  let it stabilize, then hauled in at 8m/min and opened net 1 at 200m.  Beautiful.
[poor retrieval from 9-track, very little data: njc, 3/1/2004]

M13	Sargasso Sea to 800m, day.  Station 4.  Aug. 11, 1975.  Net put in water but Ortner forgot to pull flow meter string so had to bring it back to surface. Ortner then pulled string in air so got 16 flow counts or 84 m^3 in air.  Stop recorder at 1216 (260m) will restart on upswing.  Angle of net dropped to 20's once net was below 300m so I had ship speed up to 2.5 kts.  During tow, sky clouded up and by end of tow rain pouring.  Sea still calm.
[poor retrieval from 9-track, data seems to be from 50m above sea level to 400m below: njc, 3/1/2004]

M14	Sargasso Sea to 800m, night.  Station 4.  Aug. 12, 1975.  Had a hard time getting nets down.  Paid out 2300m wire rather than usual 1900.  Came in at 25 m/min.  Calculations indicate that net was moving about 3 kts at 200-600m depth, ship's speed ~1.9kts.  Net 6 cod end bucket broke under water, sample lost.

M15	Sargasso Sea to 800m, night.  Station 4.  Aug. 13, 1975.  Tow to replace net 6 from MOC-14, 300-200m.  One net response going into the water before it hit the water.  Only 1 net to be fished.  No net responses.  Tow no good - net opened and closed together.  No sample.

M16	Slope Water to 200m, night.  Station 5.  Aug. 14, 1975.  Turned on 1/4" tape t 2005-43 at 75m depth going down.  This tow went well.  Had small problem with NR not clearing NC and flow but it was decided that it had to do with signal fading in and out rather than malfunction down in underwater unit.  Pressure offset formula in CTD acquisition program appears to be incorrect and we have 2.75m error in the corrected depths on the computer tapes and printouts.  All data collected to date have error is MOC 1 to 16.

M17	Slope Water to 200m, day.  Station 5.  Aug. 15, 1975.  1/4" tape started at 1012-15, 154m depth.  Had problems with data acquisition 9-track tape.  Didn't get header on or 1st 12 to 15 records.  This will mean some data processing problems with CTD3 program.  We came up twice as fast on th8is haul as on previous 0-200m hauls to reduce amount of catch somewhat.  Looks like a very nice haul.  Pressure offset wrong as noted in M16.  Two files on mag. Tape 1st file is data, 2nd file is header.

M18	Slope Water to 800m, day.  Station 5.  Aug. 15, 1975.  1/4" tape on at 1231 for up trace.  Had hard time flying this net to depth and getting it to stabilize.  Ship was slowed down too much and when we started hauling the net in, it rose very slowly.  Except for deep fishing, this tow went well.  Pressure offset wrong as noted in M16.  

M19	Slope Water (edge of Gulf Stream) to 800m, night.  Station 5.  Aug. 15, 1975.  1/4" tape on 2037 when net 0 started to be hauled in.  Plot of temp and salinity versus depth: black=down trace and blue = up trace.  Very nice tow.

M20	Slope Water to 800m, night.  Station 5.  Aug. 16, 1975.  Two deep nets fished in 150m intervals so that we could sample upper 100m in 2 steps: 100-50 and 50-0 where there is a pronounced thermal break and start of thermocline.  10.55C @ 50m.  Looks like a good tow.  Net moving through water at ~3 kts for most of tow.


M21	Slope Water to 800m, day.  Station 6.  Aug. 17, 1975.  1/4" tape started at bottom of tow.  Black=down trace; green=up trace.  Very nice tow; no problems.

M22	Slope Water horizontal tow at 350m, day.  Station 6.  Aug. 17, 1975.  1/4" tape started on 1227.  Had a problem with frame synch which coincided with net command on net 1.  As a result, lost 2 min. of recording and in process of getting synch back we dropped net 1 and opened net 2.  Beautiful tow after initial problem.  Net frame stayed within 350 +/- 1 meter.



KN53 Nov. 1975	

M23	Sargasso, shallow, day.  Slight boble (sic?) at the surface flow meter pin broke - tried to bring net back to surface to pull pin out - ship's speed too slow, angle too low in setting net; got many spurious net responses (cycled from net 0 to net 15 back to 0 and then to net 3) Net 4 was really net 1.  No net response fro net 3.  Speed in about 10 m/min until we hit 60 m then increased speed of wire in to 13 m/min.  Tow looks all right - good collections.  We had special funnels in cod ends but some came loose.

M24	Sargasso, deep, day.  Lost flow counts in wind - reset at 50 counts for net 0.  1/4" tape turned on as net 0 coming up (810 m) just before opening net1.  up at 25m/min.  No net response for 'close 2/open 3' but angle showed nets were changed.  No net response from 'close 3/open 4' but 'close 4/open 5' got a net response and 'close 5/open 6' ok. Net 7 close/8open - no net response.  All samples look good - funnels in cod end seem to work very well - animals in very good shape.

M25	Sargasso , deep, night.  Not very good launch - 3 spurious net responses (NR) also had to set flow counter due to reverse in the wind.  No NR for net 1 and therefore flow meter counter overflowed to show '$', however flow calculation ok.  No NR for net 2.  Net command has a bug in it - it resets itself even though there is no NR.  This screws up the computer and it no longer prints out net count (NC) but does record ELCT errors.  NR not working. - Very hard tow due to electrical malfunctions. - Samples look good.  All nets seem to have opened and closed as expected.

M26	Sargasso, shallow, night.  No NR on net 6 close/net 7 open.  No NR on net 8 close. Samples look good.

M27	Ring, deep (800m), day.  Down at 30m/min; up at 25 m/min.  Very nice haul on slope water edge of ring core.  No electrical errors

M28	Ring, shallow (300m), day.  1/4" tape started at 1405 - just slightly after net in water.  Wire out at 30m/min; in at ~15m/min.  We are not sure that conductivity reading when net first in water is reliable - looks like 1st 25 m is bad.  Also true on other records previous to this tow.  Tow appeared perfect - no failures visible.

M29	Ring, deep, night.  When net at 640m (1500 meters of wire out, MWD), slip rings came off the winch and signal was cut.  Winch halted until slip rings repaired.  Time when failure occurred = 1909, thanks to Al Morton and Steve Boyd back to business at 1938.  Resume paying out wire - while net 5 was open speed of net got up over 3 knots; so I had ship slow down but it was too much and net lost depth thus net 5 undulated in interval 400-300m.  Beautiful catches.  1 large fish in bucket 4 to Margo for photophore removal from under eyes. 

M30	Ring, shallow, night.  1/4" tape on at 2246.  We got a spurious NR during the set of net 0 - strange tow - net 2 started dropping and went back down to 191m with no change in ship's speed or winch hauling rate.  Tow not good - no NR at all except 2 more spurious ones.  Aborted tow.  We had the motor unplugged thus no nets were tripped.  Net 0 fished the entire time.  All samples in cod-end buckets were washed and preserved to look at contamination.  Most were almost entirely clean except net 8 which may have had material in the net from previous tow.

M31	Ring, very deep, day: 0-1600m.  1/4" channel 1 down - off at 1031-1034 to rewind and switch channels to 2 while nets still going down and used channel 2 for apart of trace up - 0244 channel #3 when net started up.  Had a lot of trouble with the line printer.  Tom Crook spent a good portion of towing time with system shut down for repairs.  Problem with wire going under ship stopped wire in at 1135.  Start in again at 1152; depth of net ~1500.  Net 2 fished from 1400 to 1500 m or deeper and then up to  1200m.  1/4" tape put on channel 2 tape 2 at 1348 or 459meters depth.  Lost cod end bucket 4 - entire assembly came off.

M32	Ring-D, shallow, night,.  Very nice tow - no problems -  good catches at center of ring.  Note as in all past shallow and deep tows from about 100m to the surface samples had a lot of bioluminescent animals.  I think they are jellies but I haven't been able to tell yet.

M33	Ring, deep, night.  One spurious NC going in.  Weather rainy and windy, sea quite choppy.  Out at 30m/min.

M34	Ring high velocity core, deep, day.  We got 1 spurious NR in setting nets into water.  Sea very rough at launch and storm increased ferocity with winds increasing to 35 kts and seas building to over 15'.  1324-47-1/4" tape ran out of tape - rewind and then record on channel 2 on line(?) at =1327, 141m depth.

M35	Slope, deep, night.  Started 1/4" tape at bottom of tow.  1944 slowed ship down. Wind freshening as storm approached.  Slight overshoot on net 6 close/net 7 open.  Very nice hauls.

M36	Slope, shallow, night.  Forgot to turn on deck unit before going into aqui and before net was put in water.  Net was at 203m before deck unit turned on .  1/4" tape turned on as net went into water.  Net 8 opened on "2" commands.  Very nice haul.  All samples look good.  No problems.  All nets tripped and responded.

M37	Slope, deep, day.  1/4" taped started at ---.  9-track tape not turned on until 932-18.  Possibly we did not get a header at beginning of tape.  Had difficulty getting flowmeter pin out of flowmeter.  We had to bring it back up to get the pin out.  In so doing, we got a spurious NR.  Printer paper advance malfunctioned for short time during Net 0.  On this tow, because I forgot to put header on tape, we decided to SW15 EN at bottom of tow while net 0 still open and then begin a new file with a header before opening net 1 for start up.  Thus far, MOCNESS 37 there are two files on the tape: one without a header for down trace, and one with a header for up trace.

M38	Slope, shallow, day.	1/4" tape on at 1304 just after net in water, but I screwed up - wasn't on record.  Start up after rewinding: time 1309-38.  Good catches, good tow.

M39	Slope (warm-core ring edge?), deep, night.  1/4" tape started at bottom of tow.  Very nice launch.  Water here not really typical of slope - like a warm core ring.  On start up of tow, pressure, temperature, and conductivity started dropping out intermittently.  The rest of the parameters appeared to be OK.  Good tow except for dropouts on CTP.  One thing about samples to look at is very low biomass in net 5.  Virtually none although everything appeared to have worked.  Problem with CTD seems to have been with slip rings.  After cleaning, signal on MOCNESS 40 very much improved and no signal dropouts.

M40	Slope (WCRing?), deep, day.  1/4" tape on channel 2 at 1052-44, ~820 m.  This day sea was flat calm with only a few clouds and lots of bright sunshine.  An incredible day for the last of November.  Water here incredibly warm and salinity shows characteristics of Sargasso Sea.  We found bucket 5 had a small hole in bottom edge of gauze and that organisms could be lost.  This probably explains why catches between 400-300m (are low).  Bucket changed.  But must look at all previous tows on this cruise with some care. 

M41	Slope, deep, night (at Hydrographer Canyon).  1/4" tape started at 1906.  Slip rings are again giving static, at least CT & P readouts are experiencing dropouts on way up.  Also having problem with NR - only got 1 for net 1close/n2 open.  Saw angle change for net 0 close/net1 open but hard to tell for net 2 close/net 3 open.  Got no response for 4 close/5 open but saw angle change.  Net 5 close/6 open gave response.  Net 6 close/7 open gave response.  Net 7 close/n8 open gave response.  Samples all looked good.  Sample 8 no formalin for 12-14 hours.

M42	Slope, deep, day (near Hydrographer Canyon).  Sea quite rough and wind has been blowing steady 25-30 kts all night.  Very nice launch; starting out depth of water ~800m.  Kept net at surface for several minutes.  0816 - stopped winch 860m, 18 deg. angle.

M43	Slope, horizontal at 350m, day.  Started 1/4" tape at 1141.  Net 1 open - long(?) horizontal but hard to keep net constant depth.  Seems to be a good haul; all nets responded.



KN62	Dec. 1976

M44	Sargasso, deep day.  Bad tow. 

M45	Ring core, deep, night.  Very good tow.  2041 premature net response (NR).  2042 tape unit one. 2042 one flow count and another NR.  Angles may be off a bit because angle jug was not used to set pressure case on frame.  We seem to be getting rather large changes in angle which are associated with live tension changes.  Winch stopped momentarily at 1000mwo (2310)
2317 - increase speed 5% to 30%; 2320 - stop winch at 1303 mwo = depth 1062m; 2326 - start in 1303 mwo = depth 1028m.  No NR for net 7.

M46	Ring core, shallow, night.  Header on this magnetic (9-track) tape written over twice - should get write error. Stop winch at 0129 = 316mwo = 218m depth.  This tow was fished by steps of 5 meters - haul net up 5m and hold for 1 min. for a total of 5 holds per net (depth interval).  This was done to allow more water to be filtered.  This tow very good.  Tow correlated with Marshall Orr's scattering layer records.

M47	Cold core ring center (Gulf), deep, dusk (darkness at ~1630).  Start tape at 1347 on channel #1, input #2.  New O2 membrane.  3 NR 1401 - noticed 5 NR - must replay tape to figure out flow.  1402 - 6 NR's (net being towed off stern -  possibly NR coming from ship surge).  7-9 to 1407 -  below 400m the net speed dropped from ~.5 kts to ~.15 kts and - from 50's to mid 30's. Increased ship's speed at 650m depth ~10%.  ~1640mwo at bottom of tow.  In at ~15m/min.  Started releasing nets with NR reading 9 i.e. net 1=NR10, net 2=NR11, net 3=NR12, net 4=NR13, net 5=NR14, net 6=NR15, net7=NR00, net8=NR1, close=NR2
1514- depth 727, 1144mwo.  Increase speed in by 5m/min to 25 m/min.
1530- depth 447, 738mwo.  Reduce speed of ship by 10% (wire angle starting to get too high)
1532- depth 426, 685mwo.  Reduce speed in by 5m/min to 20 m/min
1554- depth 147, 160mwo.  Increase ship's speed ~5%.   

M48	High velocity core of Gulf Stream Re---?, 1000m, day. Start down with 8 net responses.  Net 0=net 8; net 1=NR9, net 2= NR10, net 3=NR11, net 4= NR12, net 5=NR12 (no net response), net 6= NR13, net 7= NR14, net 8=NR15.  Very nice tow.  Lots of megalops.  Surface O2 samples taken when MOC-1 went into the water by K. Little.  [reprocessed tape 13/12/76: SC, @ 4411 <mailto:SC, @ 4411>, @177773; DC, @ 4411 <mailto:DC@4411>]

M49	Sargasso west of ring, 1000m, day.  Initial flow=19.  Add 11 m to mwo for real reading.  NR=9 i.e. n0=NR5; n1=NR6, n2=NR6 (no net response), n3=NR6 (no net response), n4=NR7, n5=NR7 (no net response), n6=NR7(no net response), n7=NR7(no net response), n8=NR7(no net response).  [tape reads 710 at net 0 down]  No nets open when frame came to surface.  Means we fired last net at 100m below surface; when were others fired?  This tow somewhat screw up but savable.

M50	Sargasso west of ring, 1000m, day (1426-1540).  Start with 2 net responses, i.e. n0=NR2, n1=NR3, n2=NR4, n3=NR5, n4=5 (no net response until 1505, depth 520m, when net bar triggered NR.) Bar for open net 4 must have hung up on the NR for a couple of minutes before slipping past so n4=NR6; n5=NR6 and net bar is probably hung up on NR mechanism.  Some contamination into net 4; n6=NR7; n7=NR7 (no response) -possible contamination into n6.  In at 22m/min.  n8=NR_.  Bottom net ripped on bottom near front (observed at net was put into the water) However, tear very small.  Probably no loss of catch.  Tear is 3/4 in triangle.  [reprocessed tape 14/12/76: SC, @ 4411 <mailto:SC, @ 4411>, @177773; DC, @ 4411 <mailto:DC@4411>]

M51	Sargasso west of ring, 1000m, night.  5 net responses at start of tow.   4 more to /0 in setting net from surface to ~75m.  Between 600 and 730m - 2 more NR; 2 more NR at ~940m.  No NR for nets 1,2,3,4.  Net 5 had a response.  Nets 6 & 7: no NR.  After tow, Morton and I replayed the tape to work out what happened to flow and net responses.  We could analyze all false NR's and flow count resets and explain on basis of a sticky net response mechanism.  All indications are that samples are good.  Top net closed at surface on command.  All that was lost was the bucket from net3.

M52	East side of ring center, 1000m, night.  1st MOCNESS with new net release mechanism and new salinity cell [51.360 conductivity at 22m; at 1000m, conductivity shorted out - erratic readings (50's and 60's) started about 850m]  1 NR in going from deck into the water i.e. net0=NR1; n1=NR2,  n2=NR3; n3=NR3 (no response), n4=NR4, n5=NR4 (no response), n6=NR5, n7=NR5 (no response), n8=NR5(no response).  Computer program started at net 4 - time off on print out.  Note: cod-end of net 1 had burn hole just above PVC bucket and collar was also torn.  Therefore, some of catch very likely lost out of jar #74.
Note: conductivity probably not too good but some readings may be obtainable.

M53	Sargasso east of ring, in wake, 1000m, night.  Magnetic 9-track recorded in real-time.  First run with computer on in real time.  New conductivity cell 1st run.  What a hell of a launch.  Almost everything went wrong.  Nets ripped and had to be sewn, magnet in net response broke, haul winch was off and had to be turned on - wait 30 minutes, started to launch and motor drive spontaneously started dropping nets.  Could find no reason for it.  Started another launch and net twisted, breaking wire leads.  Finally got nets in water but conductivity cell doesn't seem to be working.  Plotting SA, OX (OX as corrected by GeoSecs algorithms for temp and pressure), TE - salinity plot no good.  Removed SA from plotting routine after start plot.
N1=NR1 (didn't' set counter back to 0 right away)  
2133: Start winch in at 20m/min.  
2135: Flow not working and hasn't been for about 15 min.  Stopped working about 800m for 6 min. then started again and then stopped - for good??
N2=NR2 but again NC set to 0 was slow, ~45 sec.  Flow started at 2149 during net 2 open.
N3=NR3 but NS set to 0 slow.  
2201-43 NR
2202-53 NC=0.  During n3 open, NR was triggered twice by ship's roll. N3=NR3,4,5.
N4=NR5.  Saw large angle change on 3rd NC but no change in status of NR.  Switch still being held ON.  Net 4 fished to 350 by mistake.
N5=NR5  No NR but was angle change.
N6, 7, 8 =NR5  No NR but was angle change on 3rd NC.

M54	Sargasso northeast of ring, in wake, 700m, dusk.  Magnetic 9-track recorded in real-time.  1/4" tape on at 1438 hrs.  2 NR at surface: n0=NR2, 315 mwo=158m depth.  This is a day tow but executed very close to dusk.  Could not fish all the way to 1000m, for lack of enough time until dark.  Sunset about 1615 [tow ended at 1640 hrs].  
N2=NR4 but didn't reset flow or NC -reset at ?153?.  
N3=NR5 but didn't reset flow or NC right away - delayed 30-60 secs this time.  Reset flow twice.
N4=NR6 but didn't reset flow or NC right away - delayed 30-60 secs this time.  Reset flow twice.
N5=NR7, N6=NR8, N7=NR9, N8=NR10, N8 close=NR11.  Nice tow, good catches.

M55	Transition region of ring 'AL' towing away from center, 1000m, night.  Magnetic 9-track recorded in real-time.  Good launch, 1NC, 70 flow counts, ONR at start down with net at ~375 had ship slow down 10% because wire angle tending to high.  Perfect tow, everything worked.

M56	Transition region of ring 'AL' towing toward ring center, 850m, night.  Magnetic 9-track recorded in real-time.  Eleven NR at surface - very rough launch, surge very bad.  
N0=NR11
N1=NR11 (no response)  I saw cod end bucket wrap around net response mechanism as net plunged in and out of water, possibly damaging NR mechanism.
N2=NR12 (very possibly net 1 was not released until net 2 was thought to have been dropped because it took only 1 command.  Spurious NR at (time) 23 24, 12set flow count back to 0. Spurious NR at 23 25, 18 set flow count back to 0.  Spurious NR's too numerous to list during 1st five nets.
Very hard tow to interpret.  Must go through computer output to check volumes filtered.  2350-53 change course to more ?-? swell to reduce roll.  Two nets released at surface.  
Analysis: 
Net fishedfrom- 	to
0	0-1030	850
1	850	700
2	700	550
3	550	400
4	400	300
5	300	200
6	200	100
7	100	0
8	surface

M57	Slope water ~ 20 miles N of Gulf Stream, 1000m, night. Magnetic 9-track recorded in real-time.  3rd lowering with new membrane on O@ sensor.  Got quite a few flow counts before net into water but no spurious net responses.  Ship bearing set east some steering 220 making 180 at 0030, due to Gulf Stream?  Slowed ship down 5% while net 6 open.  A perfect haul!  No problems and beautiful samples.

M58	Slope, 1016m, day.  Very nice launch. [1st sighted seagulls with oil on breasts about 3am this day.  Several birds observed with oil]  NR & NC set at 0.  A few extra flow counts by wind before entering the water.  Started getting spurious net response while net 5 open and another while net 6 open, 2 more with n7 (NR9 and 10) and net 8 (NR12, 13, 14, 15).  Good tow and good samples.  Spurious NR near surface due to increase in seas and swells.  We still need to improve net response mechanism.  Cloudy day.
 


KN65  April 1977

M59	Sargasso off Florida, 1000m, day.  Plotting T, S%o, O2, and AN(removed AN at 280 m because overlapped O2).  This is first tow with new Boyd-style net response mechanism.  O2 membrane put on within about 2 weeks of start of cruise (looks like flowmeter stuck between 1124 and 1132 min) Red up from 700m.  Flowmeter shut down while net 2 was open.  1204 - (1300+ mwo) depth=655: increase wire-in to 20m/min.

M60	Sargasso, 1000m, day.  New O2 membrane installed.  Red for uptrace.  Up starts at tape #680.  Net response not working.  Good tow.  Observed that O2 probe probably not giving correct O2 reading and must be corrected.  However, in a relative sense, can see that there is a subsurface maximum about 80-90m which very likely coincides with the DCM.

M61	Sargasso west, 1000m, night.  Good launch, red=up trace, perfect tow.

M62	Ring 'Bob' center, 1000m, day.  New membrane used on O2 probe and new KOH.  Using my net response mechanism for 2nd time this cruise.  Good launch.  black=down trace; red=up trace.  Net command button giving static but because net response working well the miscounts of the NC is not causing problems.  Power surge caused computer to lose power and interrupt acquisition right before net entered surface.  Net 7 had small rip in Dacron sleeve (~1" slit) so replace net 7 with another on next tow.

M63	Ring 'Bob' center, 1000m, night.  Red=uptrace.  Tow uneventful.  Very nice; all nets seemed to open and close without a hitch.

M64	Sargasso west, 1000m, day.  Conductivity cell not working from surface to depth.  Wire angle dropped dramatically once net passed below 650-700m.  Red=uptrace.  Very nice tow.

M65	Sargasso west, 1000m, night.  Brief screw-up: replaced conductivity cell.  Cod end bucket fell overboard and replaced with trawl bucket #2 which had a hole in it.  Net launched and then brought back to replace it with a good cod-end.  Net back in to water at 1904.  Beautiful tow.

M66	Ring 'Bob' fringe west, 1000m, day.  Conductivity cell cleaned and checked and seems to be working properly error relative to GeoSec CTD.  Beautiful tow.

M67	Ring 'Bob' fringe west, 1000m, night.  Had a lot of trouble with this tow.  Started out on ship's course of ~300 but wire started tending under the hull and the water shifted course to 170 over short period of time.  Since there was a strong current in upper 600m this had effect of putting us steaming with current.  Salinometer surface value: 36.15-36.19.  With net at 1000m doing 2.7 kts we could not slow ship down sufficiently to haul net in at reasonable rate.  Eventually had to change course back to 285 after swinging crane back to stern but with great difficulty keeping nets flying properly.  A couple of nets filtered very little water and we got a large number of spurious NR.  However, we did get a complete set of samples.

M68	Ring 'Bob' center, 1000m, day.  After two false starts with bad wires net system got into water. New O2 membrane on sensor.  At 195 put computer into IDLE and reset O2 to 3 to 13 ml/liter to get plots of SA and O2 separated.  Net 6 took only 2 NC to open.  Very nice tow.  However nets wrapped around each other and samples got mushed up, animals in poor condition.

M69	Ring 'Bob' center, 1000m, night.  Net 0 fished down to 1015m and back to 850.  We didn't push he NC button enough times (system wasn't set on 3 commands but rather 5).

M70	Ring 'Bob' fringe southeast, 1000m, night.  ~15 deg. at 250m.  Towing in high current regime - while paying wire out had to get ship's speed up to 4.5 kts after net passed 800m.

M71	Dec(?) ring 'Al' center, 1000m, night.  Had a few difficulties with flowmeter during launch - had to bring it out of water twice.  Finalyy changed fluorometer cable to get it working.  Lovely night with 1/2 moon.

M72	Ring 'Al' center 1000m, day.  Did not start 1/4" tape until 0928-19, 310 m. depth.

M73	Slope water near Gulf Stream, 1000m, day.  O2 not set properly in INET; net membrane on probe.  NR started out equal to 3.

M74	Slope water near Gulf Stream, 1000m, night.  In water before AQ started.  Flow counts 28 at time of synch.  Had to shut down printer at 2038 and had to restart O2 at 278m from OX, 0.3, 0.13, .01 to OX .02, .12 .01 - back on at 2041.  On 1st NC at 1000m signal went completely scrambled for a while. Not sure 1st net dropped.  After net 4 we got no more net responses.  Bad tow - all nets closed at surface.

M75	Slope water near Shelf, 1000m, night.  Good tow.  Fairly uneventful tow.  All systems seem to have worked save for 1 NR with net 2.  I think net speed may have been too high and net bar slipped past NR mechanism without triggering it.

M76	Slope water near Shelf, 1000m, day.  Tape reads 0705 although ship's clocks were advanced 1 hr. at midnight on 29 April (ships log will be off 1 hour)



EN11	July 1977

M77	Ring 'Bob' center, 1010m, night.  Good launch.  Tape recorder [1/4"] with mic [?].  New O2 membrane for test on 27 July; using hydrowinch with ~ 3/8" diameter wire. Net response (NR) did not work for net3 clode/n4 open or for n4 close/n5 open but it did for n5 close/n6 open.  Bucket 2 cracked on bottom - possible loss of some animals.  Looks like a reasonably good tow.  Several stops and starts as winch pulled wire in to adjust level wind and to straighten out wire on drum.  Flow calibration = 46m/count. (lots of Sargassum weed seen passing by ship during tow)

M78	Ring 'Bob' center, 1000m, day (5-7:30pm).  Cloudy & rainy.  Steaming into the wind and current.  1723 - sharp drop off in angle at 400m down to 10 degrees.  Asked for speed increase to 3.0 kts.  Wire rate in 30m/min.  No NR on n2 open. Migration: at start of tow scattering layers at 475m 375m, 225m but at 1850 layer moving up situated at 425m, 310m, 150m.  All nets tripped, samples look good.  Spurious NR's during n7 open.   Note: conductivity did some odd jumps on hauling net in  - went bad at ~400m.  (lots of Sargassum weed seen passing by ship during tow)

M79	Sargasso west of ring 'Bob', 1000m, day.  Bright sunny day with low broken stratus around.  Sargassum weed in low abundance around ship during tow.  Sea choppy with white caps.  Played around with winch for very long time at bottom of tow.  Coming in all nets opened/closed but on uptrace for n3, NR did not work.  Near surface, we did get some spurious NR's.  Had some trouble with ship's speed and winch speed toward end of haul.  N2 has small holes near cod-end (on Dacron sleeve)- this was repaired before next tow.

M80	Sargasso west of ring 'Bob', 1010m, night.  Launch went smoothly.  Bright full moonlight on sea surface broken up by clouds.  Full moon up for entire tow.  Sargassum weed not very abundant at this station.  No NR on n1close/n2 open.  No NR for n3 close/n4 open.  Good set of samples but still the problem of net responses.   Generally hauled wire in at 30m/min.  Bucket 3 had top part of gauze come unglued - possible loss of some animals.  

M81	Sargasso east of ring 'Bob'.  (15 degree isotherm at 622m) Night calm sky clear except for scattered clouds.  Not much Sargassum.  No NR for n1 close/n2 open.  Good tow - good scattering layer record on PGR (Dick Backus).  Net response mechanism spring replaced with stronger spring and greased up, but it appears that this did not improve performance of mechanism.  

M82	Sargasso east, (15 degree isotherm at 500 m), 1010m, day. Not much Sargassum.   On this tow, Chip Ferguson got the aqui program going to hook us into the Tectronics GeoSecs computer.  This program allows us to put incoming data on cassette tape for later replay and calculates volume filtered.  NR adjusted so that trip finger is closer to net bars.  Steaming with current (what there is of it)   290m - coupling between winch drive and drum jumped out and winch stopped for a moment.  245m - stopped again momentarily.  142m - winch stopped for 30 sec.  PGR scattering layer record made during tow - see Backus.

M83	Ring center, 1020m, night.  No moon but sky clear.  Tape recorder not turned on for 1st 76m.  Fluorometer counts = 11 when net entered water on at 2058.  Cod end buckets without funnels.  Really excellent hauls - millions of megalops and E. krohnii

M84	Ring 'Bob center, (15 degree isotherm at 105 m - up), 1010m, day.  Lots of Sargassum in Langemir cells.  Bright sunny day with low scattered stratus clouds at beginning of tow and disappearing by end of tow.  No NR n3 close/n4 open, or n5 open, net7 open.  Buckets 3 and 5 possibly mixed up - corrected on deck (Boyd) - bucket numbers clearly marked after haul.  Very nice haul.  No problems with winch or net system.  PGR record of scattering layers made during tow.  Hole 1" across in n0 about half way up along seam and 1/2" hole in n2 about 3' up from cod-end - both sewed up.

M85	Ring 'Bob' high velocity core (north), (15 degree isotherm at 250 m), 1010m, night.  Very black night.  O2 reaching surface on way up read 147.  Very nice tow - no problems, all NR worked.  

M86	Ring 'Bob' high velocity core (north), (15 degree isotherm at 350 m), 1000m, night.  Half moon just coming up at start of tow.  Had to pay out a lot of wire to get to depth.  Ship headed into current.  NR didn't work on 2 nets.

M87	Ring "Bob' center, (15 degree isotherm at 127 m), 1033m, day.  Bright sunny day, very few clouds.  O2 at surface 147.  Very good set of samples.  No problems with tow.

M88	Ring "Bob' center, (15 degree isotherm at 150 m), 805m, night/dawn.  First light at 0500.  Really bad tow from a number of standpoints. Couldn't get net system down to 1000m so stopped at 800m.  Made 8 NR but saw no angle change on NR.  Got angle change at 700, 600, 400, 300m.  Lost signal cable at ~200m.  Very likely tape has no data on it. Very bad tow, but we did get some samples that look all right.  Nets 7 & 8 did not open but n8 had a small catch with live animals in it.  Where did they come from?  Tectronics computer ran most of dive and good flow-meter data obtained.  Upon replay of tape found recording all the way to the surface.

M89	Ring 'Bob' high velocity core, eastern edge into current, (15 degree isotherm at 430 m), 1010m, night.  Dark night, no moon.  Good lowering. Very nice tow.  Speed of net got up quite high during middle portion of uptrace but catch in all buckets looks good. NR did not work on 3 occassions.  Perseid meteor showers very abundant.  Note: on replay had trouble with line printer. Ribbon jammed twice and had to put computer into idle and rewind 1/4" tape back - for double replay.  This means 9-track tape has redundant data on it in two places.

M90	Ring 'Bob' high velocity core, (15 degree isotherm at 307 m), 1010m, day.  Very good tow, bright sunny day only a few clouds around.  Towing into current of HVC.

M91	Gulf Stream, (15 degree isotherm at 545 m) 1008m, day.  A lot of wire paid out to get to 1000m.  Sky dark and completely overcast with intermittent rain and showers.  Large swells and quite a bit of pitching.  Very nice tow.  Good catch.  No problems.  CTD#36 done here.

M92	Slope water, (15 degree isotherm at 43 m), 1020m, night.  Question of whether net 3 opened at 2205 hrs. No problem - net 4 opened in right number of commands.  Dark night with clouds above.  Scattering layer recorder (ALPINE) on during tow.  Very nice tow.  Only problem was it look like cod end buckets for nets 7&8 were reversed based on samples in the jars.

M93	Slope water, (15 degree isotherm at 65 m) 1010m, day.  Bright sunny, cloudless day.  Scattering layer at - . Steaming south towards end point of last night's MOC-1-92.  Net 8 closed at surface on command.  Very nice tow.  Good catch in all buckets.

M94	Warm core ring 'M' Eddy 'M' (15 degree isotherm at 195 m), 1012m, night.  First MOCNESS set in warm core ring.  Broken hydraulic line on A-frame almost caused abortion of tow, but we got it in before the engineers started fixing it which generated a few arguments.  Had a hard time keeping net speed and angle down because of a poor choice in course - actually tow went very well, very nice set of collections.  Started raining right near end of tow.

M95	Warm core ring,(15 degree isotherm at 230 m), 1013m, day.  Secchi disc = 25m. Very rough seas, launch all right but had hard time getting net angle to stay up.  Had ship going between 4 and 5 knots during most of shooting the net.  No net responses when angle is over 54 degrees.  Net response 4close/5open suspect (?).  All nets appeared to open and close where they should have.  Basically a good tow.  Had slight spill of animals in net 2 - a few Calanus stage 5 lost but <1% of total catch missing.



KN71	Nov. 1977

M96  	Slope water (15 deg. isotherm @ 43m), 1020m, day.  1st lowering this cruise.  Clear sky, bright & sunny.  NR started at 10=n0, 1375 counter.  Had problem with net 5-6 - computer failed to read data lots ?--? Synch errors.  Not sure why.  No NR for n7.  Looks like a good tow.  No header on tape (1/4"?)

M97	Slope (15 deg. isotherm @ 116m), 1020m, night.  Good launch.  CTD#1 taken just before tow.  No NR on net3 open/net2 close (net speed above 2.3 kts)  No NR n5 close/n6 open (net speed ~2.2 kts)

M98  	Ring 'Emerson' center (15 deg. isotherm @ 250m), 1025m, night.  Approx. start position 34 45N, 70 20W.  Tape recorder on at 52m below surface, flow counter started at 0 when net went into water - tape on flow read 25 counts.  Very nice tow, good samples.

M99	Ring 'Emerson' center (15 deg. isotherm @ 255m), 1000m, day.  Secchi depth 37.5-38 (observer=Cox).  Broke wire connecting conductivity cable to pressure case - had to resplice.  Did chlorophyll profile just before this cast.  Very nice tow all the way.

M100	Sargasso west of ring 'Frank', east of 'Emerson' (15 deg. isotherm @ 710m), 1000m, night.  Rough & stormy, moon peeking through mostly cloudy sky.  New O2 membrane on this dive.  Started AQ, then at 240m went back in to ID (idle) to correct parameters for plotting.  Sky seemed to be clearing during tow -   very nice tow.  Secchi disc reading 10-31 at 1240 was 26 m (observer=Cox).  This was rough estimate due to rough sea state.  Lowering made during shallow CTD lowering.

M101	Sargasso west of ring 'Frank', east of 'Emerson' (15 deg. isotherm @ 705m), 1040m, day/dusk.  Nasty windy, cloudy day.  This tow some 25-35 miles from night tow due to break down of trawl winch on the previous night MOC-10 trawl.  Coupling between AC and DC generators for the winch broke.

M102	Ring 'Franklin' center (15 deg. isotherm @ 180m), 1020m, day.  (1/4") Tape not recording until 118m  -  forgot to plug in.  N5 with 3 or so 2" to 4" hole 2/3 back towards cod-end - replaced after this tow (mate says may have torn while going over side).  Good tow except computer lost synch at 60m.  Secchi disk: 24.5m taken at 1130 (observer: Cox)

* Had been using out-of-date INIT and AQUI programs (developed prior to Dec. 1976 cruise - KN62).  These programs were used to process all the ENDEAVOR (#11) tapes and MOC-1 tows 96-102.  Therefore, plots have no bias or offset corrections for depth, temp or salinity.  Data on the 9-track tape should be ok and later processing should not be affected.

M103	Ring 'Franklin' center (15 deg. isotherm @ 175m), 1050m, night.  Dark cloudy sky.  Numerous spurious net responses due to surge of ship but tow went quite well - no problems.  Used new computer program (March 30 1977).

*Text output on 9-track tapes shows change in pressure units from decibars to millibars (M104-118) (njc)

M104	Sargasso east of ring 'Franklin' (15 deg. isotherm @ 700m), 1000m, night.  Secchi depth at 1205 4Oct77= 24m.  Launch at dusk but sky quite dark and cloudy (broken clouds).  Good tow.  Shallow meter net tow made during this tow had tremendous #'s of Euphausia brevis in it.  During the MOC-10 tow this night, neuston net missed them.  Meter net which followed the neuston tow caught them.  One possible conclusion is that E. brevis does not quite come up into the surface waters.

M105	Sargasso east of ring 'Franklin' - fringe (15 deg. isotherm @ 570m), 1020m, day.  This daytime tow was to take up time spent fixing CTD.  Up at 15m/min.  Bright sunny day; no clouds.  Note: wire meter reads -2 when MOC at 12 m depth.

M106	Sargasso east of ring 'Franklin' - fringe, 200m, day.  Bright & sunny, with some high thin clouds.  End good shallow tow.  Winch in at 5-6m/min.  Secchi=34m (observer: Cox)

M107	Ring 'Franklin' fringe east (15 deg. isotherm @ 425m), 1000m, night.  Course for this tow unlike any of preceding; was into current of Gulf Stream remnant rather than into wind.  Had very hard time getting nets 1 and 2 to go fast enough and filter enough water in designated depth.  Wolumes of water by nets seem questionable.  I can't believe flow meter speeds are right and the net is going as slow as ti says it is.  On surface, flow meter was not operating properly.  Repaired prior to next dive.  Volume filtered values adjusted by hand (probably not on tape).  Speed of net through water was estimated from angle and then formula applied: V=cos(AN)*1.4*speed*time.
Down at 40m/min.

M108	Ring 'Franklin' east fringe, (15 deg. isotherm @ 550m), 1013m, night.  Flowmeter repaired from breakdown on previous dive.  Had very hard time getting net down to below 800m.  Last 200m down cast 600+ mwo.  865-595m depth up at 30m/min; then low to 20m/min.

M109	Ring 'Franklin' center (15 deg. isotherm @ 152m), 1000m, day.  Sky cloudy with squalls.  Had trouble getting uniform sampling of depth intervals during haul up especially around n4. But good tow anyway.  Down at 30m/min to 784m then increase to 40m/min. [no note on up haul speed]
 
M110	Ring 'Franklin' center (15 deg. isotherm @ 171m), 1000m, night.  Dark night w/stars & clouds.  End perfect tow.

M111	Ring 'Franklin' fringe (15 deg. isotherm @ 198m), 1020m, night.  Night w/stars, few clouds and no moon.  Had small amount of trouble with batteries but did not affect nets opening/closing.

M112	Ring 'Franklin' high velocity core, (15 deg. isotherm @ 374m), 1000m, night.  Dark cloudy night.  Made 3 launches: 1st launch had problems: flowmeter stopped working - broken off mount and hanging by electrical cable; 2nd launch: EO plug bent sideways and signal not being sent; 3rd launch ok.  Had 16 spurious NC at bottom of tow.  At surface found that these commands actually triggered the nets 1,2,3,4,5.  Only nets 6,7,8 fished and they fished from 1000-850, 850-700, 700-550m.  [tow no good]

M113	Ring 'Franklin' fringe, (15 deg. isotherm @ 240m), 1000m, night.  Dark, cloudy.  Start down at 1900 aborted because of NC spontaneously firing.  After 2 hours of repair we put MOC-1 back over the side.  Got a couple of spurious NC firings and repairs made (bad ground wire where cable and slip rings attached to winch) Signal vastly improved.  Also, Knorr having serious problem with aft cycloid.  This tow made using only the forward cycloid.  Problems near surface with NC's and spurious NR's but looks like good tow and samples.  Caught Sargussum in n3 - how did it get there?

M114	Ring 'Franklin' fringe, (15 deg. isotherm @ 277m), 1000m, night.  Dark, cloudy.  Computer would not synch during down portion of tow; spurious NC's but good tow

M115	Gulf Stream, (15 deg. isotherm @ 392m), 1000m, day.  Scattered clouds with bright sunshine.  Dark cloud overhead on up-trace at 1322.  Good tow, no major problems.  Net 3 has small holes near cod-end.

M116	Slope Water, east of warm core ring 'Q', coastal water at surface (no 15 deg. isotherm), 1000m, night.  Cloud free night, stars but moon setting in west as net going down.  As net doing down, say bright orange flare in sky.  After tow, went over to see if people in distress.  This tow taken east of warn core ring in the apparent torque of coastal water entrained by wcr circulation.  Very nice tow.

M117	Slope Water, east of warm core ring 'Q', 1000m (no 15 deg. isotherm), day.  Secchi disc depth=14m at 1030 hrs at this station.  Bright sunny day, very high thin clouds, hazy horizen.  Lots of trouble with computer, had to replay uptrace.  Problem with TTY board interfacing deck unit to computer.

M118	Warm core ring (15 deg. isotherm @ 355m), 1000m, night.  Partly cloudy night but dark, no moon.  Lots of spurious NC's but ok tow.  However, once nets on deck, found that we had lost buckets 1,7,8 - too bad.
