Ascii arted image done using aalib

This is aalib.info, produced by makeinfo version 4.0 from aalib.texinfo. INFO-DIR-SECTION Libraries START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY * AA-lib: (aalib). An ASCII-art graphics library END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY (C) 1997 Jan Hubicka & Kamil Toman Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of this manual provided the copyright notice and this permission notice are preserved on all copies. File: aalib.info, Node: Top, Next: Overview, Prev: (dir), Up: (dir) AA-lib 1.4 ********** An ascii-art library API DESCRIPTION Apr 17, 2001 * Menu: * Overview:: What does this software do then ? * AA-Project:: You want join ? * Skeleton:: AA-lib program skeleton:: * Initialization:: How to start up AA-lib? * Drawing image:: How to draw image? * Rendering:: Rendering of image into ascii-art * Flushing:: Flushing into screen and text output functions * Keyboard:: Handling keyboard * Mouse:: Handling mouse * Resizing:: Resizing of display * Other functions:: Functions that was not documented yet. * Designing new driver::How to port AA-lib to new platform * Reference:: All AA-lib functions and variables. * Index:: Index of functions, types, macros and constants .,. _. . .%qwmy1(/. . _x]WWWK1==s,_,- `.amWWWWWZ13x|:=|{?W#Ee==++=_ _jmWBWWWB}l=:;:.<%|!??+;- ~.;==, _ud$WWWW#Xecc_|=-::<3{~ . . .. ;::_ ++|>{?+X*bSx%>`=: ..-<:-. . . -:==i, ....:`---+|+{S=..-=:...= ` .....-|:. .. .-- . ..::;:=:+. . . .._--;=: . .:;==|=|=|||:: .......:<,=.=:+==. .. .::==|||iilxil|;::_=:+::=<(-+==. - .: .:;==+| ;)s .--`__,:- -:==|+|xoS2oo22ooX2Xa,.^x. i. -~~ . .::;===+|I12SSnnSXSXmX#s, +,. -` .. -- . ----+++|||II}**!!!!|> '...., .,. .::.. . ..-:===::. :=%i3XWWWWWWWW#?? ...:-:::::... . .:+*Y?YXo=|3XWWWWBW[ .....:...........:.=nZmWms;=IX##### .............:-~+1s%X#####2s...... ........:+*1SX####XSommWWWWWWW[.+=:=:s%= QQQWL.. -{1;...:.-.. . .......--+=i+== . . . . . . .......... -:=+lxSXXZ#Z?`.:::::.:==::===;= . . .. . .. . . . ...:=|lvn}!...:.....:==<|:<|saaw QWQWQQWQWm#Qwa_, .. .... .:;~~ .......:=sawwWWWWWQWWWWW Honza Hubicka _a,an}|^-=-:._._ .aJ#XS*||:::--::;=>=|_. ._JZSo1|+:;;:::.:.:=||===:.. _=nn31}=,==:..::.:::__=====;... .=+"!+i%*+==::-:;=<;==+<+==.. .. .__|+~_;>`. . ..:===|:==-; . .--~-~~...-- ..:.;::+====>==_ . .. : . ....-+|;-:=+li===|!+:... :. . ...:::i||iixi|==;=|_._.. ..; . ...:.==|ixxunnns%iiaoouis%,=:== . ....:==iiv22XXXZZ#ZmZXXXdupoz=<> ........::=|ilvn2S2ZZ#####ZZZXZ#Xx=u>. . . . . .-:;=iill11X2X#m###mmZXzIl>{`I`; ... ..-::;=|||illvv3XXXXXX#XmoS;==::-.. . . ...=====|i|||+"""~~++*1SoXs,-::... ......---===;. ..:=|i>"{2S( ;_....--+._=us_J1s.+s; -. .. . . . :{m, =|::::==xxoXzXonX(:x( ... ` ..... . . .:xZXc`|||=||ln2ZX'Snvc . . . ..:l=.innnn1xIiixnIIIl' . . _.:.-|linxvl|` . -~-++iii|iivvl||| . ....__|ixxxIvIi=|Il . . .::=|i%nnonnvI+=v1nl ...:=|Innn1}+||vvnvv; ....:+++=xivvnnnno> . .:;=ivvnnvvno2o` . .. ..: . :=+|iIxvnvo2e';,. ...:<+:. ...-- . ..==iivlvIn1".|=:;.. . . -:: .::. ...=|iliIli~ =|`:<:/.. .. . n;: . . .::=|+~ :=+;;:.: : Kamil Toman File: aalib.info, Node: Overview, Next: AA-Project, Prev: Top, Up: Top Overview ******** * Menu: * Why?:: Why such library? * What?:: What does this software do then? * History:: How this all started? File: aalib.info, Node: Why?, Next: What?, Prev: Overview, Up: Overview Why such library? ================= I vote for simplicity. There are many problems of various kinds with video cards, low frequency monitors, crashing graphical apps... AA-lib IS the solution. It works on a terminal of any kind, it is fast and portable, it gives to you standard API. It gives to your old hardware more power! File: aalib.info, Node: What?, Next: History, Prev: Why?, Up: Overview What does this software do then ? ================================= AA-lib is a low level gfx library just as many other libraries are. The main difference is that AA-lib does not require graphics device. In fact, there is no graphical output possible. AA-lib replaces those old-fashioned output methods with powerful ascii-art renderer. Now my linux boots with a nice penguin logo at secondary display (yes! Like Win95 does:) AA-lib API is designed to be similar to other graphics libraries. Learning a new API would be a piece of cake! File: aalib.info, Node: History, Prev: What?, Up: Overview How this all started ==================== Once upon a time we've (my friend Kamil and I) bought two old Herculeses as secondary monitors. We didn't know for that time that our Diamond Stealths 64 cards would become obsolete soon. The next day we downloaded the logo of Linux Texas Users Group - nice silly penguin looking like a cowboy! It was so exciting logo ... we decided that we couldn't live without it and we wanted to see it at boot time as a logo on our secondary monitors. There was a small problem - Hercules doesn't support color graphics. So we decided to convert the penguin image to ascii art using netpbm tools. The output was very ugly because the converting algorithm was absolutly stupid. During the night I designed a new convertor that used a font bitmap to create an aproximation table. The output wasn't very good since the algorithm wasn't tuned so well. Many months this small piece of code was waiting on my disc for the day "D". Meanwhile I started a new project XaoS (a fractal zoomer) with my friend Thomas. And then I got an idea: Ascii Art Mandelbrots! I was really impressed by the result! XaoS was faster, portable and looking much better than ever before. I found a new way to go ... File: aalib.info, Node: AA-Project, Next: Skeleton, Prev: Overview, Up: Top AA-Project ********** dT8 8Tb dT 8 8 Tb dT 8 8 Tb dT 8 8 Tb dT 8 8 Tb Three goals of AA-Project: 1. Port all important software (like Doom, Second Reality, X windows etc..) on AA-lib. 2. Port AA-lib on all available platforms (mainly ZX-Spectrum and Sharp). 3. Force IBM to start manufacturing MDA cards again. AA-project was started by Jan Hubicka. In that times just a few people knew about it. Then a new demo named BB has been relased to show the power of AA-lib technology. Now the project is freely available and anyone can help. Just join our mailing list: `aa-project-discuss@lists.sourceforge.net'. Or just browse our homepage at `http://aa-project.sourceforge.net'. A ton of examples of ascii-art generated by aalib, pointers to other AA-Project resources etc. File: aalib.info, Node: Skeleton, Next: Initialization, Prev: AA-Project, Up: Top AA-lib program skeleton *********************** Following piece of code you may want to use as base for your future AA-lib program: #include int main (int argc, char **argv) { aa_context *context; /* The information about currently initialized device. */ aa_palette palette; /* Emulatted palette (optional) */ char *framebuffer; /* Parse command line options and output the help text. */ if (!aa_parseoptions (NULL, NULL, &argc, argv) || argc != 1) { printf ("%s", aa_help); exit (1); } /* Initialize output driver. */ context = aa_autoinit (&aa_defparams); if (context == NULL) { printf ("Failed to initialize aalib\n"); exit (1); } /* Pointer to the emulated videoram. */ framebuffer = aa_image (context); /* Create palette if needed: */ for (i = 0; i < 256; i++) aa_setpalette (palette, i, /* R value 0..255 */ , /* G value 0..255 */ , /* B value 0..255 */ ); /* Draw something using: */ aa_putpixel (context, /* X coord */ , /* Y coord */ , /* Color */ ); /* Render whole screen: */ aa_renderpalette (context, palette, aa_defrenderparams, /* Top left conner of rendered area: */ 0, 0, /* Bottom right */ aa_scrwidth (context), aa_scrheight (context)); /* If you don't use palette use following function: aa_render (context, aa_defrenderparams, 0, 0, aa_scrwidth (context), aa_scrheight (context)); */ /* And make it visible: */ aa_flush (context); /* And uninitialize the AA_lib (this probably makes the picture invisible again) */ aa_close (context); return 1; } File: aalib.info, Node: Initialization, Next: Drawing image, Prev: Skeleton, Up: Top Initialization ************** It is possible to initialize AA-lib in various modes. The main initialization is done by following `aa_init' aa_context *aa_init(struct aa_driver *DRIVER, struct aa_hardware_params *DEFPARAMS, void *DRIVERDATA) This function prepares `aa_context *' type variable used by all AA-lib functions. The DRIVER parameter specifies hardware driver to initialize, DEFPARAMS parameters of hardware you require and DRIVERDATA is used to pass implementation dependent extra information to the hardware driver. To undo all actions done by `aa_init' function, call `aa_close': aa_close(aa_context *CONTEXT) This function frees allocated memory for `aa_context' and call's unintialize function of the output drivers. Initializing AA-lib directly is non-trivial task. Many display drivers and modes are available. Several helper functions are provided to do this job for you. You may want initialize AA-lib in one of the following modes: * Menu: * Initialization as a normal graphics library:: * Initialization as an ascii art renderer:: * Initialization for image saving:: * Specifying hardware parameters:: File: aalib.info, Node: Initialization as a normal graphics library, Next: Initialization as an ascii art renderer, Prev: Initialization, Up: Initialization Initialization as normal graphics library ========================================= If you initialize AA-lib as a normal graphics library you can use one of available hardware drivers. It initializes a display device and sets the output to the screen. Hardware drivers depend on a platform you are running at, configuration of your computer and many other things. Typically more than one driver is available. AA-lib can make the decision for you if you use `aa_autoinit' function: aa_context *aa_autoinit(struct aa_hardware_params *PARAMS) This function initializes the hardware driver and returns `aa_context' structure used by other functions. `NULL' is returned on failure. Parameter PARAMS is used to specify hardware parameters you require. * Menu: * Easy initialization of AA-lib:: * Parsing of command line options:: * How does the autodetection work:: * Recommending drivers:: File: aalib.info, Node: Easy initialization of AA-lib, Next: Parsing of command line options, Prev: Initialization as a normal graphics library, Up: Initialization as a normal graphics library Easy initialization of AA-lib ----------------------------- Following example is the most trivial way to initialize AA-lib. #include #include aa_context *context; void main(void) { aa_parseoptions (NULL, NULL, NULL, NULL); /* Every AA-lib program ought to call the aa_perseoptions at least in this way to make the AAOPTS environment variable work. */ context = aa_autoinit(&aa_defparams); if(context == NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"Cannot initialize AA-lib. Sorry\n"); exit(1); } ... aa_close(context); } This code will do all autodetection/initialization stuff for you and it will fire up AA-lib (using default parameters). Because AA-lib supports output driver using ordinarry stdio functions, the failure is very unlikely, but you ought to check it. File: aalib.info, Node: Parsing of command line options, Next: How does the autodetection work, Prev: Easy initialization of AA-lib, Up: Initialization as a normal graphics library Parsing of command line options ------------------------------- AA-lib works at many different output devices so it can be initialized with many different options. Somebody might want to change the defaults. This can be done using command line options. This is done using function `aa_parseoptions' that uses `argc/argv' variables and parses options for AA-lib. The options for AA-lib are removed during parsing from `argc/argv' so call to aa_parseoptions can preceede the normal command line options parsing code done by your program. `aa_help' variable contains help about options parsed by `aa_parseoptions'. int aa_parseoptions(aa_hardwareparams *P, aa_renderparams *R, int *ARGC, char **ARGV); First parameter is used for AA-lib initialization. It specifies the hardware parameters you require and is altered by `aa_parseoptions'. It is expected that your program will define his prefered parameters first, call `aa_parseoptions' and then alter it only when necessary to make program working correctly. If you don't brother about the hardware specification, you may use `aa_defparams' variable in both places (here and as passed to `aa_init' function familly). You may also pass NULL to use defaults (aa_defparams variable). The second argument is set of parameters for rendering. It works in similar way as the first parameters. Both of this variables will be explained later. Use NULL to force defaults (aa_defrenderparams). Fuction returns: `1' if OK or `0' on error. The function returns 1 on sucess and 0 on failure. #include #include aa_context *context; void main(int argc, char **argv) { if(!aa_parseoptions(NULL, NULL, &argc, argv) || argc!=1) { printf("Usage: %s [options]\n" "Options:\n" "%s", argv[0], aa_help); exit(1); } context = aa_autoinit(&aa_defparams); if(context == NULL) { fprintf(stderr,"Cannot initialize AA-lib. Sorry\n"); exit(2); } ... aa_close(context); } Note that options are parsed from command line and also from `AAOPTS' enviroment variable. This makes possible to set parameters for all AA-Lib programs. If you pass `NULL' as `argc/argv' only the enviroment variable is parsed. Variable `aa_help' contains help string similiar to this one: -driver select driver available drivers:linux slang X11 -kbddriver select keyboard driver available drivers:slang X11 -kbddriver select mouse driver available drivers:X11 gpm Size options: -width set width -height set height -minwidth set minimal width -minheight set minimal height -maxwidth set maximal width -maxheight set maximal height -recwidth set recomended width -recheight set recomended height Attributes: -dim enable usage of dim (half bright) attribute -bold enable usage of bold (double bright) attribute -reverse enable usage of reverse attribute -normal enable usage of normal attribute -boldfont enable usage of boldfont attrubute -no disable (i.e -nobold) Font rendering options: -extended use all 256 characters -eight use eight bit ascii -font select font(This option have effect just on hardwares where aalib is unable to determine current font available fonts:vga8 vga9 mda14 vga14 X8x13 X8x16 X8x13bold vgagl8 line Rendering options: -inverse enable inverse rendering -noinverse disable inverse rendering -bright set bright (0-255) -contrast set contrast (0-255) -gamma set gamma correction value(0-1) Ditherng options: -nodither disable dithering -floyd_steinberg floyd steinberg dithering -error_distribution error distribution dithering -random set random dithering value(0-inf) File: aalib.info, Node: How does the autodetection work, Next: Recommending drivers, Prev: Parsing of command line options, Up: Initialization as a normal graphics library How does the autodetection work ------------------------------- To fully understand customizing of `aa_autoinit' you have to know (at least something) how does the autodetection work. All hardware drivers are stored in `aa_drivers' array -- array of pointers to drivers terminated by `NULL' pointer. Order is significant. First driver is tested before the second etc. It is possible to customize your own order of drivers. This can be done using `aa_displayrecomended' list. It's a double linked list of strings that are interpreted as names of drivers. These drivers are tested before `aa_drivers' is procesed. There are several reasons to do it this way. Firstly, this "aditional" list is passed before the first of "standard array" drivers is used. Thus you can recommend the probing order of drivers in a very natural and comfortable way. Second, this method reduces executable file size. Third, you can prefer different drivers on different platforms with no aditional care about current configuration of AA-lib. File: aalib.info, Node: Recommending drivers, Prev: How does the autodetection work, Up: Initialization as a normal graphics library Recommending drivers -------------------- Manipulation with recomended drivers (`aa_displayrecomended' list) can be done using macros: aa_recomendhidisplay(NAME) aa_recomendlowdisplay(NAME) `aa_displayrecomended' is a cyclic list. You can easily add drivers to the begining (using `aa_recomendhidisplay(name)') or to the end using `aa_recomendlowdisplay(name)'. In other words `aa_recomendhidisplay' inserts with "high priority". (at the beggining of the list). The check for duplicity is performed. Despite `aa_recomendhidisplay(name)', that moves an existing display to the begining, function `aa_recomendlowdisplay(name)' inserts to the end. Thus nothing can lower the required priority of your driver. This two priorities are usefull in many situations. For example: many display drivers recomend keyboard or mouse drivers (it's a good idea use `curses' keyboard when `curses' display driver is used). But some users may want to change it -- for example they might want to drive an aplication from a script and they might want to use `stdin' keyboard driver instead of `X11' recomended by `X11' driver. The following piece of code: aa_recomendhidisplay ("testa1"); aa_recomendlowdisplay("teste1"); aa_recomendhidisplay ("testa2"); aa_recomendlowdisplay("teste2"); aa_recomendlowdisplay("teste1"); aa_recomendhidisplay ("teste1"); will produce the following list: teste1, testa2, testa1, teste1 teste2 And autoprobing will first test in order all drivers on the lists (if such drivers exist in current AA-lib configuration) and then try all available drivers in the default order. File: aalib.info, Node: Initialization as an ascii art renderer, Next: Initialization for image saving, Prev: Initialization as a normal graphics library, Up: Initialization Initialization as an ascii art renderer ======================================= If you want to use just AA-lib's rendering routines but no output to screen (eg. you have your own output routines) you can use dummy memory driver. It's named `mem_d' and it's initialization should look like this: context = aa_init(MEM_D,&AA_DEFPARAMS,NULL); File: aalib.info, Node: Initialization for image saving, Next: Specifying hardware parameters, Prev: Initialization as an ascii art renderer, Up: Initialization Initialization for image saving =============================== AA-Lib also have a driver specialized for image saving. It's name is `save_d'(currently only driver that uses `aa_savedata' structure): struct aa_savedata { char *name; struct aa_format *format; FILE *file; }; Field `name' contains a filename (without extension). If you wish to specify file descriptor, you might want to use field `file' instead. Set `name' to `NULL' in this cases. Note that then file will not be closed automatically. In `name' you should use following tags: `%x' X coordinate of page, if pages enabled otherwise none `%y' Y coordinate of page, if pages enabled otherwise none `%c' Coordinates in format: `_%x_%y', if pages enabled otherwise none `%e' Default extension (like `.html') `Format' is a pointer to `aa_format' structure (format information): struct aa_format { int width, height; /*default width/height*/ int pagewidth, pageheight;/*in case output is made from pages*/ int flags; /*should be made from: AA_USE_PAGES AA_NORMAL_SPACES */ int supported; /*mask of supported attributes*/ struct aa_font *font; /*font used by hardware device*/ char *formatname; /*name of format*/ char *extension; /*file extension*/ char *head; /*text at the beggining of file*/ char *end; /*text at the end of file*/ char *newline; /*text at the end of line*/ char *prints[AA_NATTRS]; /*printf seqence for printing character*/ char *begin[AA_NATTRS]; /*text printed at the beggining of block of character at gived attribute*/ char *ends[AA_NATTRS]; /*text printed at the end of block*/ char **conversions /*conversion tabe*/ }; Conversions is array of strings in format: character, replacement, terminated by `NULL'. Following code is an example of `HTML' format description: static char *html_escapes[] = {"<", "<", ">", ">", "&", "&", NULL}; struct aa_format aa_html_format = { 79, 25, 0, 0, 0, AA_NORMAL_MASK | AA_BOLD_MASK | AA_BOLDFONT_MASK, NULL, "Pure html", ".html", "\n Ascii arted image done using aalib\n\n

\n",
           "

\n\n", "\n", /*The order is:normal, dim, bold, boldfont, reverse, special*/ { "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", "%s", }, {"", "", "", "", "" }, {"", "", "", "", "" }, html_escapes }; Usually you don't need to worry about filling in this large structure since the formats are already defined: `aa_nhtml_format', `aa_html_format', `aa_html_alt_format', `aa_ansi_format', `aa_text_format', `aa_more_format', `aa_hp_format', `aa_hp2_format', `aa_zephyr_format', `aa_irc_format'. All formats are collected in `aa_formats' array. It is array of pointers to `aa_format' terminated by `NULL' All additional new formats are welcomed. File: aalib.info, Node: Specifying hardware parameters, Prev: Initialization for image saving, Up: Initialization Specifying hardware parameters ============================== In previous examples we used `aa_defparams' without description. This variable says to AA-lib what hardware do you expect. struct aa_hardware_params { struct aa_font *font; int supported; int minwidth, minheight; int maxwidth, maxheight; int recwidth, recheight; int mmwidth, mmheight; int width, height; }; Filed `font' contains the default font. If your driver is unable to autodetect the font used by the output device (such as terminal drivers or most of saving drivers), you may want to select one of the fonts compiled into aalib. Following fonts are available: `font8', `font14', `font16', `font9', `fontline', `fontgl', `fontX13', `fontX16', `fontX13B'. If you specify `NULL' as an argument `font16' is used. Integer `supported' contains a mask. Following masks are available: `AA_NORMAL_MASK', `AA_DIM_MASK', `AA_BOLD_MASK', `AA_BOLDFONT_MASK', `AA_REVERSE_MASK'. You can use `AA_EXTENDED' to enable all 256 of characters or `AA_EIGHT' to enable using of characters numbered higher than 127. This should be set also after the initialization using `aa_setsupported' Other fields are used to specify the display size. If your program requires a fixed size of the display you should set `width',`height' fields (otherwise expect problems ;). You can also adjust how tolerant AA-lib should be. Minimum is set by `minwidth/minheight', maximum is set by `maxwidth/maxheight'. Then you can set `width/height' parameters and call the init function. The nearest value (in specified bounds `coz) will be set. If all these fields are set to zero (default) hardware drivers prompt user for the size and memory/save drivers will set some defaults. Hardware drivers also have default values(forced by enter). If you wanted to modify them you'd have to set `recwidth/recheight'. Note that `minwidth/minheight' and `maxwidth/maxheight' still have an effect even if `width/height' is zero. It is recomended to set all the parameters that can be alternated by user just before `aa_parseoptions' is called, so options can't be changed. `mmwidth/mmheight' should be used to specify size of window in milimeters (but it is ignored by all drivers now ;). File: aalib.info, Node: Drawing image, Next: Rendering, Prev: Initialization, Up: Top How to draw an image? ********************* AA-lib emulates video-ram so it looks just like a plain memory. It contains `aa_imgheight (context)' lines of `aa_imgwidth(context)' bytes where each of them specifies a grayscale value or an index to a colormap (or graymap ?). Pointer to this memory can be obtained using `aa_image(context)' macro. Note that width and height of videoram differ from physical width/height of a device (stored in `aa_hardwareparams' variables). Currently it is twice bigger because every four pixels are rendered into one character. Future versions should (possibly) support nine pixels. There's nearly no difference in API between classical gfx libraries and AA-lib. There are currently no higher level graphics functions. But AA-lib provides `aa_putpixel(context,x,y,color)' macro. There is no problem to make more complex functions. A great help to a potential programmer is the fact that AA-lib provides a colormap mode emulation. To set the palette you should use macro: aa_setpalette(PALETTE, INDEX, RED, GREEN, BLUE) Red, green and blue components are recalculated into super-grayscale. Values are in range 0-255 where 0 means black. You can also set directly value using something like: palette[index]=value; Another difference is that your aplication is expected to handle various imgwidth/imgheights (in case you didn't exacly specified them in hardwareparams during initialization). Also your aplication should take care for `aa_mmwidth(context)' and `aa_mmheight(context)' values that contain real size in millimeters of output device. You cannot simply expect that pixel has the same width and height as at normal graphics libraries. Many old programs may require some scalling functions to convert images from their internal size (320x200) to AA-Lib real size. Note that image WON'T be displayed on the screen unless it is rendered and FLUSHED ! File: aalib.info, Node: Rendering, Next: Flushing, Prev: Drawing image, Up: Top Rendering of image into ascii-art ********************************* Once image is drawn it needs to be rendered. For this purpose three functions are provided: void aa_fastrender(aa_context *C, int X1, int Y1, int X2, int Y2); void aa_render(aa_context * C, aa_renderparams *P, int X1, int Y1, int X2, int Y2); void aa_renderpalette(aa_context *C, aa_palette TABLE, aa_renderparams *P, int X1, int Y1, int X2, int Y2); `x1', `y1', `x2', `y2' parameters specify Top left/bottom right corner of rendered rectangle. Note that these coordinates are SCREEN not IMAGE ones. So they can be twice smaller !! Specify the range 0...`aa_scrwidth(context)' or 0...`aa_scrheight(context)'). Please do NOT confuse them with image coords otherwise you'll get strange results! Note that the first call of our rendering function can take significantly more time becouse it pre-computes internal look-up tables. Function `aa_fastrender' does very fast (but not as perfect) results. It is designed for aplications that prefers simplicity and speed to the quality of output. Quick and easy way to use render routines is to call: aa_fastrender(context, 0, 0, aa_scrwidth(context), aa_scrheight(context)); Function `aa_render' is a bit more complex than the previous one. It uses 256 colors instead of 16 ones and it has an extra parameter `p'. This parameter allows a control of its advanced features. It's a pointer to the following structure: struct aa_renderparams { int bright, contrast; float gamma; int dither; int inversion; int randomval; }; Values `bright', `contrast', `gamma' let you control the quality of the output image. Brightness of range 0...255 and contrast 0...127; dither can be set to one of the following values: `AA_NONE' disables dithering `AA_ERROR_DISTRIB' enables error distribution dithering `AA_FLOYD_S' enables floyd-steinberg dithering Inversion enables/disables the inversion. Randomval can be used to control the random dithering. If randomval is non-zero a random value in range ( -randomval / 2 , ranomval / 2) is added to every pixel value before the rendering. Note that this can be combined with all other ditherings too. Function `aa_renderpalette' is similiar to `aa_render'. The only difference is that it lets you specify the palette. File: aalib.info, Node: Flushing, Next: Keyboard, Prev: Rendering, Up: Top Flushing into screen and text output functions ********************************************** We've written the whole charapter for small functions to get your attention. None of them without flusing the image into screen will work. Once AA-lib is started, image drawn and rendered it needs to be finally displayed on the screen. Yes! That's it! You have to flush the data (or you'll get a blank screen:). void aa_flush(aa_context *C); This function will update the screen due to the situation stored in text and attribute buffers. This buffers are filled by rendering but they may be also accesed directly. A pointer to them can be obtained by calling `aa_text(context)' or `aa_attrs(context)' macros. The `aa_text' returns pointer to array representing text output buffer. An "videroram-like" array represented in the same way as `aa_image' (with the screen, not image dimenstions) where each byte is ascii value of character to display. The `aa_attrs' return pointer to array representing additional attribute for each character. Attribute buffer can contain following values: `AA_NORMAL' for normal characters `AA_BOLD' for bold (double bright) characters `AA_DIM' for dim (half bright) characters `AA_BOLDFONT' for characters displayed using bold font `AA_REVERSE' for reversed characters `AA_SPECIAL' this can be used for displaying text over images. Its implementation depends at driver. Most drivers implement it as a white text on a blue background. For more comfortable output you may use: void aa_puts(aa_context *C, int X, int Y, int ATTR, char *S); int aa_printf(aa_context *C, int X, int Y, int ATTR, char *FMT, ...); It puts a string `s' (and atribute `attr') at coordinates `x', `y'. Note that it doesn't move the cursor nor flushes buffers to screen. To move the cursor you have to use following function void aa_gotoxy(aa_context *C, int X, int Y); Some drivers can also support cursor hiding: `aa_hidecursor' or `aa_showcursor' functions. File: aalib.info, Node: Keyboard, Next: Mouse, Prev: Flushing, Up: Top Keyboard ******** AA-lib provides a simple interface to keyboard. It helps to make aplications portable since the same keyboard interface is available on all platforms. On the other hand it is very "dumb" (who cares...wait till the next version). * Menu: * Initialization of keyboard:: * Getting events:: File: aalib.info, Node: Initialization of keyboard, Next: Getting events, Prev: Keyboard, Up: Keyboard Initialization ============== Keyboard interface needs to be initialized after display driver since the existence of aa_context is required. The following function is available for initializing: int aa_autoinitkbd(struct aa_context *CONTEXT, int MODE); int aa_initkbd(struct aa_context *CONTEXT, struct aa_kbddriver *DRV, int MODE); The situation is very similiar to the initialization of hardware display drivers. The meaning is almost the same. Mode variable can be set to zero for normal keyboard mode or to AA_SENDRELEASE that forces driver to inform you about keys releasing (currently, only a few drivers support this feature :(). You can recommend drivers: aa_recomendhikbd(NAME); aa_recomendlowkbd(NAME); Close context or use void aa_uninitkbd(struct aa_context *CONTEXT); to uninitialize a keyboard driver. File: aalib.info, Node: Getting events, Prev: Initialization of keyboard, Up: Keyboard Getting events ============== Once keyboard is up you should use following function to get the events: int aa_getevent(aa_context *C, int WAIT); if WAIT is set to 1 functions wait for an event otherwise they just peek for an event (and might return AA_NONE). Event can be: 1. ascii code of pressed key (value is lower than 255) 2. one of the following special keys: AA_UP, AA_DOWN, AA_LEFT, AA_RIGHT, AA_BACKSPACE, AA_ESC 3. value higher or equal to AA_UNKNOWN but lower than AA_RELEASE means unknown key. 4. two special events AA_MOUSE and AA_RESIZE (will be explained later) 5. higher value than AA_RELEASE means released key. To get keycode use: `value &= ~AA_RELEASE'. If you don't want to be informed about such strange events and if you want to know just about the keys use: int aa_getkey(aa_context *C, int WAIT); File: aalib.info, Node: Mouse, Next: Resizing, Prev: Keyboard, Up: Top Mouse ***** AA-lib also provides a simple mouse interface. It needs to be initialized after the keyboard driver (and uninitialized before) since it uses it to report events. Its initialization is almost identical to keyboards (just replace kbd by mouse in function names). If you need more details read the keyboard section. The only difference is mode parameter. It says what kind of events you should be informed about. It is a mask from the following fields: AA_MOUSEMOVEMASK, AA_MOUSEPRESSMASK and AA_PRESSEDMOVEMAKS. Note that mouse driver should ignore this mask. Set it to AA_MOUSEALLMASK to enables all these events. Mouse event is reported by AA_MOUSE value returned by `aa_getevent' function. Then the mouse possition can be obtained using: void aa_getmouse(aa_context *C, int *X, int *Y, int *B); `X' and `y' are reported in screen coordinates (not image ones). `B' contains state of buttons (AA_BUTTON1, AA_BUTTON2, AA_BUTTON3). void aa_hidemouse(aa_context *C); void aa_showmouse(aa_context *C); This functions should be used to hide/show mouse cursor. File: aalib.info, Node: Resizing, Next: Other functions, Prev: Mouse, Up: Top Resizing of display ******************* Some display devices (like unix terminals or X11 windows) allows runtime resizing. This event is reported by AA_RESIZE. Then application is expected to call the function int aa_resize(aa_context *C); that changes the values in aa_context and resizes buffer. Function returns 0 if it failed. If everything went OK application must redraw the screen according to the new size because the original one has been lost. If your aplication handles these events at many various places or uses `aa_getkey' the catch of AA_RESIZE is more complicated and you should use the resize handler. void aa_resizehandler(aa_context *C, void (*HANDLER) (aa_context *)); Then the resize handler is called by `aa_getevent' or `aa_getkey' functions when AA_RESIZE event appears. Some simple apps that don't rely on the display size and they redraw the whole screen after every event (some animations) should also use a bit tricky construction: aa_resizehandler(aa_context *C, (void *)aa_resize); This will cause automatical handling of resize events without any special stuff done by the application. File: aalib.info, Node: Other functions, Next: Designing new driver, Prev: Resizing, Up: Top Other functions *************** aa_renderparams *aa_getrenderparams(void); This functions allocates a copy of aa_defrenderparams variable. It should be used by aplications that use more rendering parameters and that don't want to change aa_defrenderparams every time. int aa_registerfont(struct aa_font *F); This functions allows you to register a new font into font databaze (that is contained in `aa_fonts' array). This is often used by hardware drivers (that autodetect their fonts ...). void aa_setsupported(aa_context *C, int SUPPORTED); Allows you to change a supported variable (see Initialization) at runtime. void aa_setfont(aa_context *C, struct aa_font *FONT); Allows you to change a font used for approximation tables at runtime. void aa_edit(aa_context *C, int X, int Y, int SIZE, char *S, int MAXSIZE); A simple line editor: `X', `y', `size' express possitions of editor window, `s' - pointer to string you may want to edit and `maxsize' specifies the maximal size of input line. struct aa_edit *aa_createedit(aa_context *C, int X, int Y, int SIZE, char *S, int MAXSIZE); void aa_editkey(struct aa_edit *E, int C); Event handled version of an editor. `aa_createedit' fills in the struct `aa_edit' for the input line and `aa_editkey' processes an event for editor. Can be used by some "user friendly (huh:)" aplications....